如何讓托福寫作更具真實性
今天去我們一起攻克托福寫作難題,讓寫作更具真實性吧,快來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
攻克托福寫作難題,讓寫作更具真實性
托福寫作經(jīng)驗介紹:首先我們要有模板,
模板一:
A 年份 survey/ report, conducted by 組織/機構(gòu)/.x university, (after polling .x 人群 aged x and x) proved that .% a, .% b, .% c.
模板二:
According to 年份 surveys, conducted by 組織/機構(gòu), shows that …
其次,我們要積累編寫數(shù)據(jù)例證時常用的機構(gòu)/組織的名稱:
環(huán)保局Environmental protection agency
衛(wèi)生廳 department of public health
教育部Ministry of Education
人力資源部Human resource Department
交通局 Traffic department
數(shù)據(jù)類題目適用于哪類題目?最適用的題型是今昔對比類題目, 如下:
Twenty years from now on, people will have more leisure time than they do now.
Secondly, the working time of people has become much shorter, thus resulting in people's preference for more leisure time. According to 1995 and 2005 surveys conducted by Human Resources Department, people worked 8 hours every day in 2005 while people in 1995 worked almost 9 hours each day. The shortened work time is caused by the wide use fo machines.
分析:
托福作文題目大意: 20年后,人們會有更多休閑時間。
人們休閑時間越來越多可以通過調(diào)查人們在1995和2005工作時長的減少反映出來。
It was easier to identify what jobs or careers were secure and successful in the past than it is now.
Additionally, a questionnaire about choosing an ideal job conducted by Career Service Center in China has surveyed two groups of people with the first at the age of 50 and above and the second aged from 20 to 30. 58.4%. According to the above survey, 32.5% of the first group respectively choose the option of civil servants and teachers. On the contrary, 72.4% of the second group circled the third option of other occupations such as singers, freelance writers and so on. The difference in the two groups of figures lies in the transition of people's attitude of choosing a job .
題目大意: 現(xiàn)在更難以去判斷一項工作是否成功。
通過一項問卷調(diào)查來說明現(xiàn)在人們打破了以前鐵飯碗的觀念,開始從事其他類別的工作,從而證明人們對于成功工作的定義變得多樣化。
Nowadays it is easier to get educated than in the past.
A 2012-report conducted by Beijing Human Resources Department: the female percentage in the occupations such as professors, doctors, layers. Engineers grew by 80.3% compared to the days 50 years ago.
通過古今對比體面工作中女性比例的上升,來證明女性接受教育比以前要容易了。
總之,我們要想熟練的運用數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù),一定要固定表達方式,要知道數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)適合古今對比類文章。
托福寫作開頭和結(jié)尾模板
1. 再次陳述主題。用 paraphrase 方式再次呈現(xiàn)主題陳述中出現(xiàn)的三要素: a.問題中存在爭議的地方; b.觀點;c.理由。
2. 結(jié)束句。放在陳述完主題之后。
托福寫作輔導(dǎo)提出結(jié)尾段結(jié)束句的三種常見寫法:
一. 托福作文的最后總結(jié)教訓(xùn)或提出建議
In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.
二. 提出令人憂慮的結(jié)果或可能出現(xiàn)的負面結(jié)果
假設(shè)讀者沒有想作者說的那樣去做,在結(jié)論中提出將會出現(xiàn)的負面結(jié)果,幫助讀者預(yù)見到令人憂慮的后果,進而令讀者自然第接受作者的意見。
e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.
三. 提出問題留待讀者思考
In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?
結(jié)尾段常用表達方式:
Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;
In conclusion, to conclude, in the end;
In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;
To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summary
In light of these facts, considering these ideas
怎樣提高托福寫作,輕松拿高分
1、新托福寫作考什么?
新托福作文部分包括兩道試題,需在大約55分鐘的時間內(nèi)完成。
第一道是以閱讀和聽力材料為基礎(chǔ)的綜合寫作試題??忌枰紫乳喿x一篇學(xué)術(shù)文章,閱讀的時間是3分鐘左右。然后文章隱去,這時考生需要聽一段大約為1分半鐘的演講。但是考生在寫作文時可以看到在放聽力材料時隱去的閱讀材料。考生在閱讀和聽錄音的過程中可以做筆記來幫助答題。考生有20分鐘的時間來總結(jié)聽力材料中的要點,并解釋這些要點與閱讀材料中的要點有何關(guān)系。作文內(nèi)容是根據(jù)考試所提出的問題而定的,不能由考生自由發(fā)揮。通常有效的回答應(yīng)是一篇150~225個單詞的作文。本試題屬于客觀性題目。
第二道是獨立寫作試題。本部分需30分鐘的時間,與現(xiàn)行機考托福的寫作考試或筆試托福寫作考試(TWE)類似,需要考生根據(jù)自己的知識和經(jīng)驗陳述、解釋并支持對某一問題的看法。通常有效的回答應(yīng)是一篇超過300個單詞的作文??忌梢宰杂蛇x擇材料、形式和觀點等,不受題目的嚴格限制。本試題屬于主觀性題目。相比較而言,第二道題目對于考生來說比較容易取得高分。
2、如何準備新托福寫作
考生應(yīng)該在考前多閱讀一些與新托福考試思路接近的學(xué)術(shù)性文章,熟悉其寫作格式和常用語言及表達句式,熟悉英語文章的文章結(jié)構(gòu)和英語作者的寫作思路,熟悉英語文章的銜接手段,盡量模仿英、美作者的邏輯思維練習(xí)寫議論性文章。要提高快速閱讀能力,做到精讀和泛讀二者相結(jié)合。迅速了解文章大意,快速提取關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句和重要的信息點。
考生還要多聽一些學(xué)術(shù)性比較強的英語演講,以便熟悉學(xué)術(shù)性英語的口頭表達方式和內(nèi)容組織特點。要提高精聽和泛聽的能力。能夠迅速捕捉到聽力段落的關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句和重要信息點;能夠較完整的聽懂文章的主要內(nèi)容,歸納出主旨大意。
考生要有意識地加強記筆記的能力。這包括兩個方面:一是要能快速、準確地判定什么是最重要的,是必須記下來的內(nèi)容;二是在記的同時要兼顧聽與讀,不錯過重要的信息。要知道,如果在“聽”這個環(huán)節(jié)沒有記下足夠的有價值的信息,獨立寫作部分就是無米之炊,考生只能抱恨而歸了。
3、如何完成新托福寫作考試
針對即將到來的新托福寫作中各個部分筆者有如下幾項建議:
1.熟悉指令。每場考試的指令都是相同的,因此考試時沒有必要花時間仔細閱讀指令??荚囍埃阋欢ㄒ獙荚囍噶顙故煸谛?。 2.迅速提高記筆記的能力
在綜合寫作中,考生必須能夠準確復(fù)述Lecture中的主要信息以及它們間的邏輯聯(lián)系,因此,速記的能力就很重要了。學(xué)習(xí)并熟悉一些簡單的速記技巧會使考生在考場上獲得更多的相對優(yōu)勢。不要嘗試逐字逐句地記錄,在不影響記憶情況下,單詞可以采取縮寫。用各種符號去表達文章的邏輯關(guān)系。 考試中:
指令一出來就立刻跳過。你對指令應(yīng)該已很熟悉,因此只要指令一出現(xiàn)就立刻用鼠標點Continue,將你的時間省下來用在答題上。
如果綜合寫作任務(wù)的內(nèi)容你并不熟悉,不要擔心。所有你需要回答的信息都包含在段落里?;卮疬@些問題不需要有任何背景知識。
仔細地閱讀材料。你只有有限的閱讀時間。
閱讀段落時,仔細記筆記。注意主要觀點和主要的支持信息。不要寫下你讀到的所有內(nèi)容。不要寫下太多不必要的細節(jié)。
仔細聽。每段你只能聽一次。考試時你不能重復(fù)這些段落。
邊聽邊仔細記筆記。不要寫下你聽到的所有內(nèi)容。不要寫下太多不必要的細節(jié)。主要要記下所聽材料的要點即可。
清楚地組織自己的回答。回答應(yīng)包括說明閱讀段落和聽力段落之間關(guān)系的主題句、支持主題句的重要材料、關(guān)于閱讀材料的一個段落、關(guān)于聽力材料的一個段落。
利用過渡詞使你的回答連貫。如果能顯示出回答的觀點是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的,你的回答就更易被讀懂、理解。
堅持使用你所知道的詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法點。這時不是你嘗試新詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法點的時候。 注意顯示在計算機屏幕上標題欄內(nèi)的時間。該標題欄顯示本節(jié)考試所余時間、本節(jié)問題的總數(shù)、你所做問題的總數(shù)。
提前幾分鐘寫完你的答案,留出編輯校對的時間。你應(yīng)該利用最后的3~5分鐘檢查自己的回答,看看是否有句子結(jié)構(gòu)問題和語法錯誤。
1.IndependentWriting題庫,事先練習(xí)得越多,這一部分越容易獲得滿分。而且第一部分的成績?nèi)绻吡?,那么即便第二部分成績稍微低一點,最終的平均分也不會太低。如果考生想在第一部分獲得高分,首先要做的就是熟悉作文考試可能涉及到的話題,反復(fù)閱讀若干遍,以熟悉所有話題。
2.熟悉指令。
指令一出來就立刻跳過。
仔細閱讀問題,一定要答為所問。在開始寫作之間,一定要花點時間理解問題,明確要求你做的是什么。
清楚地組織自己的回答。文章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)包括簡介、由簡介引伸出來的主體段落和文章結(jié)尾。 利用過渡詞使你的回答連貫。如果能顯示出回答的觀點是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的,你的回答就更易被讀懂、理解。
寫任何概括性句子,都要提供論據(jù)支持。對任何概括性句子,你都應(yīng)舉出例子、原因、事實或個人信息予以支持。
堅持使用你所知道的詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法點。這時不是你嘗試新詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法點的時候。 注意顯示在計算機屏幕上標題欄內(nèi)的時間。該標題欄顯示本節(jié)考試所余時間、本節(jié)問題的總數(shù)、你所做問題的總數(shù)。
錫林郭勒托福作文高分技巧解析
托福寫作高分技巧:平等相處原則
“平等相處原則”的意思是行文不出現(xiàn)明顯的帶歧視或偏見的字眼,托福詞匯學(xué)習(xí)包括男女性別,也要避免區(qū)別,以示“平等”。
例如:Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.許多商人覺得工作壓力很大。
這句話寫businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥當?shù)模梢愿臑閎usinesspeople或business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
當然,一些帶有種族偏見的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words或slur),也要盡量避免使用,以免鬧出麻煩。例如:
對黑人不要用Negro,更不能用Nigger(用Black還可以),禮貌的說法是Afro-American或African-American;對白人不要用Honky(這是黑人罵白人的用字),正確用法是Caucasian,或white people;對猶太人不要用Hymies,應(yīng)該叫Jewish或Jewish people;對越南人不要用Gook,要用Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括Puerto Rico,正確的用法多是Hispanics或Latins,不過據(jù)說西班牙人為了維護自己的文化,倒喜歡別人稱Spaniard。
托福寫作高分技巧:言簡樸實原則
所謂“言簡樸實原則”,就是行文不啰嗦,句子應(yīng)越短越好,托福高分寫作技巧:如果一個字能說清楚的,就不要用兩個字。
例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal.現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該為我們的目標團結(jié)一致。
這句話中“At this point in time”表示“現(xiàn)在”,我們完全可以用now來代替。
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.他通常喜歡騎單車到辦公室。
很簡單的一句話,完全可以寫成He usually likes to ride bike to the office。
平時我們所說的用詞多樣化和地道并不是體現(xiàn)在這些時間副詞或者是完全可以簡化的啰嗦句型上,而是指實用性極強的詞如動詞和形容詞,比如:
Original:
Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind.
Revised:
Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate.
add,kind表達的含義都比較寬泛。add可以指數(shù)量上的增加,也可以指程度的加強,對于“豐富經(jīng)驗、增加知識”這個意思,用enrich會使表達更準確。
kind從字面意義上講是“好的、善良的”,廈門托福用kind來形容人無法具體地表現(xiàn)出一個人的性格特征到底怎樣,原句中是想表達“考慮周到、體貼入微”的特點,要準確表達這個含義應(yīng)選擇considerate。
另外,我們常見的一些累贅用詞表現(xiàn)在句意的理解上。
比如:He has had many years of(actual) experience in business。他有多年經(jīng)商的經(jīng)驗。
actual是多余的,因為experience已經(jīng)有actual的意味了。
We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio.我們裝好收音機的零件。
assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的?!?/p>
在新聞或文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中,有時為了內(nèi)容的需要,或是為了強調(diào),作者常常運用倒裝來制造懸念,渲染氣氛。如:
1)it句
托福寫作高分技巧
一、重申立場
“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of afulfilling personal life.”
In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal liferemains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.
二、重申立場 總結(jié)理由
“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schoolsshould devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts andhumanities.”
In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of studyaugment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve therichness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within thehumanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and fordetermining its proper direction.
三、讓步 重申立場
“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service.Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintainingconsistently high levels of productivity.”
In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterionfor salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end,productivity, but also is required by fairness.
四、重申立場 引申擴展
How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highlysuccessful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think thatthis is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should amanager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?
In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degradesubordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is morerespectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performancewith clear, honest and supportive feedback.