托?？忌赡苊媾R哪些寫作困境

托?？忌赡苊媾R哪些寫作困境,我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福考生可能面臨哪些寫作困境

對(duì)于托?？荚噥碚f，很多同學(xué)對(duì)于托福寫作面臨的困境是比較多的，那么接下來就和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)來看看托福考生可能面臨哪些寫作困境?

備考托福的考生通常都會(huì)面臨托福寫作的3個(gè)困境;

困境1：面對(duì)一個(gè)題目，根本無(wú)話可說，即便用中文，也寫不出內(nèi)容。

困境2：有話可說，有內(nèi)容可寫，但英文表達(dá)支離破碎，完全不能用英文闡釋清楚自己的觀點(diǎn)。

困境3：有話說，也能用英文表達(dá)出要表達(dá)的意思，但寫出來的語(yǔ)言“滿篇盡帶Chinglish(中式英語(yǔ))”。

那么該如何走出困境，真正并有針對(duì)性地提高語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力呢?答案很簡(jiǎn)單，只有兩個(gè)字——素材!

面對(duì)一個(gè)話題，考生之所以無(wú)法寫出連貫的文字，是因?yàn)槿鄙賹懽魉夭?。那么素材是什么?其實(shí)也就是我們所說的“言之有物”中的“物”。無(wú)論是四、六級(jí)寫作，還是考研寫作，或是雅思、托福、GRE、GMAT、SAT寫作，考生之所以無(wú)法取得高分，根本原因在于其日常積累的英文論證素材以及論據(jù)素材過于貧乏，根本無(wú)法將零星散落于大腦各個(gè)角落不成體系的素材組合起來，形成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密、語(yǔ)言優(yōu)美地道的文章。因此，英文素材的積累和素材庫(kù)的建立可以真正幫助中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者和廣大英語(yǔ)考生提高寫作能力，走出英文表達(dá)困境。

正如前面所提到的，英語(yǔ)寫作素材包含兩類：一類是論證素材，即對(duì)于論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行理論分析的素材。例如：論證競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制的重要性、論證環(huán)境保護(hù)的必要性、論證藝術(shù)的價(jià)值等。一類是論據(jù)素材，即可支持論點(diǎn)的相關(guān)事例。例如：“鉆石教父”雷維夫與DeBeers公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促進(jìn)了整個(gè)鉆石行業(yè)的發(fā)展這一事例，可用來支持“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制的重要性”的論證;引用美國(guó)政府參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的例子可佐證“環(huán)境保護(hù)的必要性”;貝多芬、巴赫、凡高的例子可說明偉大的藝術(shù)家們的藝術(shù)作品是如何推動(dòng)人類文明發(fā)展的，并用以例證“藝術(shù)的價(jià)值”。

論證素材+論據(jù)素材，就已經(jīng)為寫出有理有據(jù)的文章打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)，這也是寫作的前提。因?yàn)?，任何語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)，或者說任何學(xué)習(xí)過程，都遵循“輸入—輸出”模式。如果沒有輸入，則永遠(yuǎn)不可能有輸出;若沒有好的輸入，則永遠(yuǎn)不可能有好的輸出。因此，語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)有一條永恒不變的真理：不聽永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)說，不讀永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)寫。這里的“聽”和“讀”就是輸入環(huán)節(jié)，“說”和“寫”就是輸出環(huán)節(jié);只有輸入了好的英文素材，才能在需要的地方進(jìn)行輸出。 (本文摘自《雅思寫作論證論據(jù)素材大全》一書的序言)其實(shí)，只要多掌握適用于寫作測(cè)試的英文寫作素材(論證素材+論據(jù)素材)，就已經(jīng)為寫出有理有據(jù)的文章打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)，這也是寫作的前提。因?yàn)?，任何語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)，或者說任何學(xué)習(xí)過程，都遵循“輸入—輸出”模式。如果沒有輸入，則永遠(yuǎn)不可能有輸出;若沒有好的輸入，則永遠(yuǎn)不可能有好的輸出。因此，語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)有一條永恒不變的真理：不聽永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)說，不讀永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)寫。這里的“聽”和“讀”就是輸入環(huán)節(jié)，“說”和“寫”就是輸出環(huán)節(jié);只有輸入了好的英文素材，才能在需要的地方進(jìn)行輸出。

托福寫作的開頭技巧整理

一、開頭：

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出觀點(diǎn)：

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

進(jìn)一步提出觀點(diǎn)：

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...

Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

舉普通例子：

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

講故事

(先說故事主體)，this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

進(jìn)行對(duì)比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上啟下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

讓步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

二、結(jié)尾：

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

托福寫作滿分作文學(xué)習(xí)

AD Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Television, newspapers, magazines, andother media pay too much attention to the personal livesof famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

I think the media pay too much attention to the private lives offamous people. Television, newspaper magazines and web sitesdig up all kinds of past bad actions. They say that these are true reflections of a person's character. This may be true if they occurred only a few years before, but some of these are things people didas teenagers. People in their forties are expected to explain something they did when they werefifteen. If they killed someone, obviously that's more than a youthful mistake. Usually, though, these incidents involve experiments with drugs or being reckless in a car. They're not somethingthat the public needs to know.

The media love to say that the public has a right to know. That's not true. We don't need to knowif a movie star or politician has had an extramarital affair. That is something of concern only to thepeople involved. We do need to know if someone we're electing to public office has been involvedin shady business deals, but we don't need to know if he or she defaulted on a loan twenty yearsago.

It seems the media dig up these facts without giving thoughtful consideration to what mighthappen. It has an effect on the celebrity's family, especially the children. A celebrity's good nameand credibility may be ruined before he or she can prove that rumors are false. If a case goes tocourt, paying a lawyer can use up all their money. Even if it doesn't come to that, they may findtheir career ruined.

When are we, the public, going to make it clear to the media that we're tired of having to watchthis kind of thing on the news? Wouldn't it be better if they would concentrate on more importantissues?

30 PR Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed(damaged) by humanactivity. Others that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is youropinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

The quality of human life has improved greatly over the past few centuries, but Earth is beingharmed more and more by human activity. As we develop our technology, we demand more fromour planet. Eventually, this will harm people as well.

Our planet gives us everything we need, but natural resources are not endless. Strip miningdevastates whole regions, leaving bare and useless ground. Deforestation removes old growthtrees that can't be replaced. Too much fishing may harm fish populations to the point where theycan't recover. We are too careless in taking what we want without giving anything back.

There are more people than ever, living longer that ever. So is it any surprise that many areassuffer from too much development? Anyone living in or near a city has experienced "urbansprawl". There is a new shopping area on every corner and new houses, townhouses andapartments everywhere. Traffic gets worse and worse because planners can't keep up withgrowth. Keeping up with human demand is hard enough. Environmental concerns come in last.

With growth comes pollution. Companies and communities dump waste into water. Landfills are fullof trash. Emissions from factories pollute the air. Barrels of industrial waste and worse, radioactivewaste, have no safe place to go. If we're not careful, we can harm

our planet beyond repair.

People need to respect the Earth and try to preserve it. If we don't, what kind of future will wehave?

托福寫作范文賞析

AD Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Business should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

After I get my degree, I plan to start a business. My goal is to make money, a lot of money. However, I can’t forget that there are more important things in life than earning a profit. I must consider the people I work with, the customers I serve, and the community I live in.

My colleagues are a very important part of my business. Without them, I would not have a business. I depend on them to help me carry on the day-to-day operations. I depend on them for their advice on what to sell and how to sell it. I must compensate them for their work. I can’t take large profits without sharing with the people who made it responsible.

Similarly, I would not have a business without my customers. I can never forget that they could take their business elsewhere. I must give them good value for their money. I can’t overcharge them. I must also remember that money is as important to them as it is to me. I want my customers to trust me and keep coming back.

My employees and I all live in the same community as our customers. We are apart of the social life of our community. We can’t ignore it. We must play an active part in it. I feel it is important that some of the profits my business earns from the community be returned to the community. We need to support community programs like summer jobs for high school students, campaigns to clean up the parks, and efforts to make the shopping area more attractive.

A business must make profits, but we all—workers, customers, community—must profit from a successful business.

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