托福獨(dú)立寫作高分技巧拆分法
如何在托??荚囍腥〉酶叻帜?這里有你不得不學(xué)習(xí)的技巧哦,快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福獨(dú)立寫作高分技巧拆分法
托福獨(dú)立寫作技巧:N-A-P-O
我把這個方法定義為“拆分法”:
對于獨(dú)立寫作題干中的比較籠統(tǒng)抽象名詞(noun),我們可以從多個角度(angles)拆成很多小的單元(parts),各個擊破它們(one by one)。這里包含的四個方面,取首字母,即N-A-P-O。
所以什么是拆分?NAPO!那拆分法能幫助我們快速找到哪些題目的解題思路?筆者的回答是,幾乎所有的現(xiàn)象證明題和少部分價值判斷的題目。而這些題目恰好是托福獨(dú)立寫作通關(guān)路上的“攔路虎”。
找到文章中的“攔路虎”
為什么這些題型是“攔路虎”?因為這些題目考的概率低,而且大部分學(xué)生都找不到分論點(diǎn)去寫一篇完整的文章。那我們?nèi)绾尾拍軈^(qū)分價值判斷類和現(xiàn)象證明的題目呢?
價值判斷類,簡而言之就是,題干中包含一些感情色彩的詞匯,比如better, best, necessary, positive等 。在文章論述過程中,會討論某個對象或者現(xiàn)象“好不好”。
價值判斷題在過去的2019年考試真題中,占90%的比例。
而對于現(xiàn)象證明的題目,題干中一般沒有這些帶感情色彩的詞,只占差不多10%。下面看看這四道真題,能否區(qū)分哪些是現(xiàn)象證明呢?
1.2019/0309
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important problems affecting people’s life can be solved within our life time.
2.2019/0414
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.
3.2019/1109 Many filmmakers make movies based on books. some people prefer to read the book before they watch the movie, while other people prefer to watch the movie before they read the book. Which one do you prefer?
4.2019/1208
The best solution for parents to prepare their children for elementary (primary) school.
a) young children practice reading books
b) parents reading books loudly for children
c) practice conversation with adults
很顯然,1和2是現(xiàn)象證明,因為題干里面沒有感情色彩詞。
題目1.大家文章要討論的是“影響人的生活的問題是不是會在當(dāng)今得到解決”而不是“這些問題得到解決的好處”,更不是“這些問題對人們目前的生活到底好不好?
同理,題目2要討論“現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生是不是沒有過去的學(xué)生尊重老師”。
而題目3和4是價值判斷的題目,題目4題干中出現(xiàn)了“best”,題目3中不管是題干還是問題中都有“prefer”這個表示偏好的詞。
筆者在上文中提到,拆分法可以用于幾乎所有價值判斷類的題。那我們來分析下,2019年考到的價值判斷類的題目有什么特點(diǎn)?
現(xiàn)象證明類題目的特點(diǎn)
2019/0113
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: students nowadays are more interested in politics than in the past.
2019/0414
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.
2019/0223
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? it is difficult for teachers to be both popular (students like them) and effective to help students learning.
2019/0309
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important problems affecting people’s life can be solved within our life time.
2019/0825
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvements of the quality of people's lives have already taken place.
2019/1027
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rapid development of cities is contributive to social progress. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
不難發(fā)現(xiàn),要判斷現(xiàn)象證明的題目可以分三步:
第一步,從設(shè)問方式判斷
這類題設(shè)問方式都是:
Do you agree or disagree with the statement?
當(dāng)然部分價值判斷的題目也采用這種問法。
如果是需要你做出選擇,比如題目這樣問:
Which kind of professors will you choose when selecting the courses? Which one do you prefer?
那肯定是價值判斷的題。
第二步,篩選有情感色彩的詞
現(xiàn)象證明類題目中一般不包含情感色彩的詞,比如有偏向性的詞:
positive, unnecessary
比較級最高級和絕對詞,比如:
too much ,only
但是也不能太絕對,價值判斷類型的題目有些也是包含絕對詞和比較級的。
第三步,文章內(nèi)容是討論”好不好”還是“是不是”?
價值判斷類文章討論的內(nèi)容是“是不是”。總結(jié)下來就是1. 同意or不同意 2 ,偏向性3. 是不是。
拆分法的原則
那到底怎么拆分,拆什么呢?還記得NAPO嗎?拆分對象一般是名詞。怎么拆?筆者總結(jié)出來的原則是:PAW。沒錯!爪子原則!具體來說是:
P指的是介詞preposition中的首字母P
A是abstract和plural 兩個詞共有的字母a
W指的是when, where和who
接下來,筆者會用PAW原則來分析近幾年的題,尤其是2019年和2020年上半年的真題。
"P"在真題中的運(yùn)用
PAW原則中的P指的是題干中出現(xiàn)的表示并列的介詞preposition, 比如“and”和“or”
EG1 2018/0324 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should take time to relax with hobbies and physical activities different from what they do at work.
第一步要確定題目類型,這是價值判斷的題目。因為題干中出現(xiàn)了情感色彩的詞“should”。如果同意題目的觀點(diǎn),總論點(diǎn)是人們應(yīng)該與通過工作不同的興趣和開展方式來放松。中間段我們可以從兩個角度來寫,即根據(jù)介詞and前后的內(nèi)容,拆成hobbies 和physical activities 這兩項。
第一如果有和工作不相關(guān)的hobbies, 這可以擴(kuò)大我們的視野(萬能理由broaden one’s horizon)。我們就可以把自己的觸角伸到不同領(lǐng)域,實(shí)現(xiàn)全面發(fā)展(develop in an all-round way),這樣更好地適應(yīng)社會(be more competitive in adapting to the society).
第二如果我們的physical activities與工作不同,這樣可以更好地平衡家庭和生活(strike a balance between work and life)。理由是現(xiàn)在很多人都太忙(full-scheduled),而且是伏案工作(bend over one’s work at desk),如果去做一些體育運(yùn)動,可以得到更好的放松(relaxation)。當(dāng)重新回到工作中會更加有精力(energetic),這樣可以提高工作效率(萬能理由,Improve efficiency)。
"A"在真題中的運(yùn)用
PAW中的A,即將題目中的抽象名詞(Abstract)和名詞復(fù)數(shù)(Plural)進(jìn)行拆分。
EG2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The movies and television programs made in your own country are more interesting than those made in foreign countries.
雖然題目中包含比較級,但文章要談?wù)摰氖恰白约杭覈业碾娨暫碗娪肮?jié)目是不是比其它國家的更有趣”,所以這是一個現(xiàn)象證明的題。我們可以將programs這個詞進(jìn)行拆分,如歷史風(fēng)景類節(jié)目(historical and scenic spots),介紹風(fēng)俗文化的節(jié)目(tradition and customs)或者有關(guān)政治和宗教的節(jié)目(politics and religious beliefs)。
當(dāng)然第三點(diǎn)不建議大家寫,因為文章中可能包含一些敏感信息。選擇自己感興趣的幾類節(jié)目進(jìn)行拆分,比較自己和其它國家的節(jié)目就可以寫成一篇完整文章了。
EG3 2016/0423 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.
這是一個現(xiàn)象證明的題。我們可以將sports拆分。比如足球籃球,可以教我們合作和競爭的重要性(the importance of cooperation and competition);從游泳和長跑中我們可以學(xué)到耐心(patience)和堅持的力量(persistence);還有近幾年比較流行的瑜伽,可以讓我們保持平和的心態(tài)(a peaceful mind)。
EG42019/0309 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The most important problems affecting people’s life can be solved within our life time.
這又是一道現(xiàn)象證明的題目,原因這里暫不分析。題干中出現(xiàn)的problems太籠統(tǒng)了,到底什么問題呢?我們可以拆分成與教育和健康相關(guān)的問題(education and health)。當(dāng)然也可以對你所熟悉的任何領(lǐng)域的問題進(jìn)行拆分,只要能把道理講清楚即可。
拆分法非常靈活!具體來講,教育方面的問題比如教育的不平等性(educational inequality)一定能通過線上教育(online education)得到解決。再加上政府更有意識(have the awareness)投入在教育上,如果每個人都獲得好的教育(decent education),這也會促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步(萬能理由economic development and social progress).
第二個部分可以寫,困擾我們的健康問題如今也會解決。很多疾病因為技術(shù)的發(fā)展(medical development)變得可以治療(curable).我們醫(yī)療體系也越來越成熟(healthcare systems)。
大家思考下,下面這道題是不是可以用同樣的方法進(jìn)行拆分呢?
EG5 2019/0825 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvements of the quality of people's lives have already taken place.
也可以分將Improvements拆分成教育和醫(yī)療方面的進(jìn)步,和例子4寫法和內(nèi)容基本一樣。
"W"在真題中的運(yùn)用
PAW中的最后一項W,即根據(jù)時間(when)地點(diǎn)(where) 和人物(who)進(jìn)行拆分。即在題干中涉及的對象中選擇一個,按照年齡場景和職業(yè)拆分。
年齡:Children--adults-elders或者Primary students-senior high students-college students
場景school, family and society
職業(yè)students, workers
職業(yè)拆分成更小單元scientists, teachers, journalists等
EG6 2020/0104(下午) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Teachers should assign homework that students must do every day?
這是一道價值判斷的題,可以將老師根據(jù)工作類型進(jìn)行細(xì)分,分成中小學(xué)老師(Primary and high school teachers)和大學(xué)老師和教授(teachers and professors )。
前者如果布置作業(yè),學(xué)生的壓力會太大(suffer from heavy pressure), 有可能還要熬夜趕作業(yè)(stay up), 這樣不利于提高學(xué)習(xí)效率(萬能理由improve study efficiency). 有些學(xué)生甚至產(chǎn)生逆反心理(complain and rebel ),這樣學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)會很差(academic performance)。
而大學(xué)老師如果每天都規(guī)定任務(wù)的話,會讓學(xué)生為了完成任務(wù)而學(xué)習(xí)(fulfill the task)而不主動做事情(take the initiative to study)。這不利于以后工作(less competitive in the future career)。
EG7 2016/0910 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Neighbors do not depend on each other as before.
現(xiàn)象證明題。根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞來審題,是一道古今對比題??梢詫eighbors根據(jù)年齡拆分成青少年老人和成年人。
首先,對于現(xiàn)在的children and teenagers以及senior citizens,在空余時間(spare time)因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展(with the coverage of internet),娛樂方式會選擇看電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。
而對于adults, 快節(jié)奏的生活(the fast-paced society)讓他們有不同的時間安排(different time schedule),甚至面對面交流都做不到(face-to-face communication)。要注意在拓展時,和過去進(jìn)行比較。
EG8 2020/0104 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is easier for people today to become more educated.
現(xiàn)象證明題,同樣也是古今對比類題目。可以將people根據(jù)職業(yè)拆分成學(xué)生和工作人士。
對于children來說,因為國家的發(fā)展,家庭收入的提高(higher salaries),父母會在小孩的教育上投入更多.除此之外,他們的老師也受到更先進(jìn)的教育(advanced education),會幫助到他們。
至于employees, 因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展(the wide coverage of internet),使得他們有很多渠道去提升自己. (short-term training for certification, improve skills through online education)。
除此之外,全球化(globalization)的普及,讓很多跨國企業(yè)(multi-national enterprises)的員工了解不同文化,提高溝通能力(communication skills)。
下面幾個題目就根據(jù)題干中的名詞所涉及的場景來拆分。
EG2 2013 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The movies and television programs made in your own country are more interesting than those made in foreign countries.
這個題目之前討論過,可以根據(jù)PAW中的A來拆分,同時也可以根據(jù)不同的國家countries來拆分。
比如USA這個文化大熔爐(the melting pot), 有很多節(jié)目可以讓我們感受到強(qiáng)烈的文化沖擊(cultural shock);UK一個日不落帝國(the empire on which the sun never sets )有很多輝煌的文化值得我們學(xué)習(xí)(the splendid culture);
India,一個神秘的國度(a mysterious place ),吸引我們的是歷史和宗教(history and religion).這里拆分時,建議大家選擇自己熟悉的國家,這樣能更豐富地拓展。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這個題目可以從PAW中的W即地點(diǎn)來拆分,還可以根據(jù)A原則即籠統(tǒng)抽象的復(fù)數(shù)名詞來拆分。
同一個題目,我們可以從不同的角度用不同的原則拆分。
EG9 2018/1110 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Competition among friends usually has a negative impact on friendship.
這是一個價值判斷的題目,我們可以根據(jù)不同場合進(jìn)行拆分。即工作和生意的競爭以及生活娛樂方面的競爭。總論點(diǎn)選擇不同意這個觀點(diǎn)。
具體來說,如果朋友間因為business和work產(chǎn)生競爭,幫助我們更好分辨朋友的真假。(distinguish the true relationship),因為很多人會因為自私(selfishness)做一些違背道德的事情。(distort the truth &cheating)。
如果是在生活方面比如Games和sports上的競爭,這樣還可以促進(jìn)交流,更尊重對方(enhance mutual respect)。能順利通過挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)系一定是很堅固的(unbreakable).
EG10 2019/0414 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.
這是現(xiàn)象證明題,根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞還可以叫古今對比題。如果總論點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在學(xué)生仍然尊重甚至更加尊重老師,可以拆分成對學(xué)生有影響的三個部分,即家庭學(xué)校和社會。
In families, 家長受教育程度更高(well-educated parents)會在注重學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)(academic performance)的同時,灌輸一些價值觀念(instill high moral values),比如尊重老師。In school, 學(xué)校會開展相關(guān)的課程和觀看電影來教育孩子(related course and movies);
In societies, 媒體會開展活動(launch activities),評選和宣傳好老師(awards and personal honors).而且網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)達(dá),會將影響力進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。
2019/0113 Do you agree or disagree with the statement: students nowadays are more interested in politics than in the past.
這個題目也可以拆分為學(xué)生在家庭,學(xué)校和社會中受到影響,而更加關(guān)注政治。觀點(diǎn)和上面這個題目類似。
在用方法W(when where who)分析的例子6-10中,例子7.8和10都是現(xiàn)象證明的題中需要進(jìn)行古今對比的,所以之后碰到類似的題目可以想一想可否用拆分的方法?
同時還要注意,拆分的幾個部分是不相互包含的。比如有人將people拆分成年輕人,中學(xué)生和大學(xué)生。中學(xué)生和大學(xué)生也屬于年輕人,這種分法就有重復(fù)。
再比如將people根據(jù)職業(yè)job or careers拆分成企業(yè)家,科學(xué)家,和新聞工作者。有些科學(xué)家和新聞工作者也是企業(yè)家,所以也是有相互包含的。如何做到拆分的對象不相似?這個問題之后還可以繼續(xù)探討。
關(guān)于拆分法的總結(jié)
通過對這十道題的分析,大家是不是對拆分法更熟悉并能靈活運(yùn)用了呢?其實(shí)拆分法并不適合所有獨(dú)立寫作的話題。
對于大多數(shù)獨(dú)立寫作話題比如價值判斷類的題目還是需要借助一些平時積累的常用理由,去找到2到3個分論點(diǎn),然后再去拓展。拆分法可以分析幾乎所有現(xiàn)象證明的題和部分價值判斷題。
這個方法還可以用在段落拓展中,以后還會慢慢分析。
最后復(fù)習(xí)一下,拆分是什么?NAPO!
即將一些名詞(N)通過不同的角度(A)分成幾個部分(P),然后每個部分各個擊破(One by one)。
怎么拆分呢?PAW!
拆分題干中介詞(Preposition)and或者or連接的名詞, 表示抽象概念(Abstract)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(Plural),和時間(When)地點(diǎn)(Where)人事物(Who) 三個原則.
總結(jié)下來就是:What and How ? NAPO and PAW!
大家學(xué)會了嗎?
托福獨(dú)立寫作名詞類使用易錯點(diǎn)分析
托福獨(dú)立寫作名詞類使用易錯點(diǎn)分析。托福獨(dú)立寫作中因為詞匯運(yùn)用不當(dāng)所導(dǎo)致的扣分問題層出不窮。很多同學(xué)并非不知道這些詞匯語法問題,許多情況下都只是沒有太過注意才會導(dǎo)致錯誤發(fā)生。下面上海新航道托福網(wǎng)上課程培訓(xùn)小編小編就來為大家講解托福獨(dú)立寫作中詞匯中名詞的常見用法注意事項,幫助大家了解扣分原因找到解決方法。
1. 可數(shù)名詞要有冠詞代詞或復(fù)數(shù)
Even expert or scholar specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.
During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, student will learn skill necessary to be successful in university and the work world.
第一句句子中的expert和scholar都是可數(shù)名詞,因此需要在這些詞之前加上冠詞(定冠詞或不定冠詞)或物主代詞,或變?yōu)槊~的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Even experts or scholars specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.
第二句句子中的student和skill也都是可數(shù)名詞,全句應(yīng)該改為:During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, students will learn most of the skills necessary to be successful in university and the work world.
2. 集合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要注意
我們來看下面的例句:
Technology is developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen.
在此句句子中,technology 是不可數(shù)名詞。考生是否可以將這句句子改成:Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen呢?technology到底是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞?
當(dāng)technology理解為抽象的“科學(xué)技術(shù)”,即強(qiáng)調(diào)總稱時,是不可數(shù)名詞,如例句中的Technology is developing at a remarkable speed中的technology正是對“科學(xué)技術(shù)總稱”的指代。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“各種各樣”科技產(chǎn)品的時候,此時的technology則是可數(shù)名詞,如例句 Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed. 這類名詞稱之為“集合名詞”,在托福獨(dú)立寫作中,經(jīng)常使用的“集合名詞”還有g(shù)overnment,如:
The central government is so concerned about keeping pandas in existence that it is spending millions of dollars trying to determine how to artificially inseminate the giant panda. (中央政府是一級具體的“政府機(jī)關(guān)”,因此使用可數(shù)名詞形式)
It is crucial for government to setup more funds by attracting larger investments to solve financial problems encountered during the course of environment-related projects. (這里的政府是“行政機(jī)關(guān)的總稱”,因此使用不可數(shù)名詞形式)
3. 名詞的首字母大寫要求介紹
在哪些情況下,名詞需要對其首字母進(jìn)行大寫(capitalization)?
表示月份:February
表示歷史事件:The Enlightenment
表示歷史時期:The Middle Ages
表示書刊、報紙:The New York Times,The Washington Post
表示節(jié)日:Christmas,the Spring Festival
表示國家(地區(qū)):North America
表示專有名詞:the Amazon
以上就是托福獨(dú)立寫作詞匯類問題中的名詞用法注意事項介紹,希望能給大家提供一些詞匯運(yùn)用方面的參考幫助。
常見易錯的托福獨(dú)立寫作詞匯使用問題解讀,謂語動詞類錯用情況分析!
托福獨(dú)立寫作中因為詞匯運(yùn)用不當(dāng)所導(dǎo)致的扣分問題層出不窮。很多同學(xué)并非不知道這些詞匯語法問題,許多情況下都只是沒有太過注意才會導(dǎo)致錯誤發(fā)生。下面上海新航道托福在線課程小編就來為大家講解托福獨(dú)立寫作中詞匯中謂語動詞的常見用法錯誤,幫助大家了解扣分原因找到解決方法。
托福獨(dú)立寫作詞匯錯誤:主謂一致
我們來看以下句子:
Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities is valuable to most people.
A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that help maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.
第一句句子的主語是books,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式are而不是is,這就是“主謂一致”,即:謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致。因此,原句的正確表達(dá)為:Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable to most people.
第二句句子的主語是a less complicated social environment,謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式helps. 因此,原句的正確表達(dá)為:A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that helps maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.
我們再來看以下句子:
The number of students who walk to school has been significantly increased.
A large number of advertisers are filling commercials with appealing visual effects so as to spark consumers’ desires to buy such targeted products.
在托福獨(dú)立寫作中,the number of和a large number of是考生經(jīng)常使用的兩個短語,前者表示“…的數(shù)量”,后者表示“大量的”。第一句句子中的主語是the number of students,“學(xué)生的數(shù)量”是單數(shù)的,所以謂語應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式has,而不是have. 又如:There has been a sharp increase in the number of Internet users since last year. 第二句句子中的主語是a large number of advertisers,“大量的廣告商”是復(fù)數(shù)的,所以謂語應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式are,而不是is.
托福獨(dú)立寫作詞匯錯誤:謂語動詞的表現(xiàn)形式
我們來看以下句子:
Most students like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time.
Children who find passion in sports holding on to this passion throughout life, which leads to a healthier and more successful future.
第一句句子中l(wèi)ike to watch TV和cannot finish their homework in time都是謂語動詞,一般而言,兩個謂語動詞需要用連詞(如and或but)進(jìn)行連接,或者可以將like to watch TV變?yōu)閺木洌纾篗ost students who like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time(定語從句).
第二句句子沒有謂語。句子中who find passion in sports是修飾children的“定語從句”,which leads to a healthier and more successful future是以which為引導(dǎo)的“非限定性定語從句”。整句句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)該是hold,而不應(yīng)該使用非謂語形式(holding)。在托福獨(dú)立寫作中,尤其要注意there be句型中“謂語的表現(xiàn)形式”,如:
There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest.
因為there be句型中的be本身就是謂語成分,所以不能使用reflect,而應(yīng)改為:There are a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest(定語從句);或There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflecting the diversity of users’ interest(非謂語結(jié)構(gòu))。
托福獨(dú)立寫作詞匯錯誤:謂語動詞的語態(tài)
“語態(tài)”表現(xiàn)的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系,托福獨(dú)立寫作中主要使用“主動語態(tài)”,不建議頻繁使用“被動語態(tài)”。
我們來看以下句子:
Many children can avoid their most disliked courses if they are given the opportunity to choose.
Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to their devices, students can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night.
第一句句子中“避免最不喜歡的課程”動作的發(fā)出者是“孩子們”,因此是“主動語態(tài)”;而他們“被”提供機(jī)會進(jìn)行選擇是“被動”的。第二句句子中“電子書的內(nèi)容”和“將電子版本傳輸?shù)綄W(xué)生的設(shè)備之中”是“被動”的關(guān)系,而學(xué)生“購買電子圖書”和“不管白天還是黑夜,可以第一時間收到這些圖書”都是“主動”的關(guān)系。
我們來看下面的例句:
Modern citizens are faced unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.
從句中,they (指現(xiàn)代公民,modern citizens)和滿載著大量信息(load with mountains of information)是“被動”的關(guān)系,而他們和面臨空前的心理壓力(face unprecedented psychological pressure)是“主動”的關(guān)系,所以原句應(yīng)該改為:Modern citizens are facing unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.
在托福獨(dú)立寫作中,face是考生經(jīng)常需要使用到的單詞,解釋為“面臨、直面”,face也是一個很難正確使用的單詞。當(dāng)要表達(dá)“他面臨著很多生意上的麻煩”意思的時候,考生可以使用He is facing many business troubles. 或者He is faced with many business troubles. 因為face往往用于“主動語態(tài)”,而be faced with用于“被動語態(tài)”,又如:
When facing overwhelming challenges, each individual should be well equipped with a vast range of knowledge and a broadened mind.
When they are faced with the increasingly powerful domination of money, people ought to take precautions as early as possible so as not to become slaves of wealth.
以上就是托福獨(dú)立寫作詞匯類問題中的謂語動詞錯誤解析,希望海新航道托福在線課程小編的分享能給大家提供一些詞匯運(yùn)用方面的參考幫助。
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