托福寫作話題之生態(tài)類

今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈懽髟掝}之生態(tài)類,我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作話題之生態(tài)類

生態(tài)類話題真題

在TPO 的題目中，最具有代表性的生態(tài)類話題分布在TPO 14，TPO 18，TPO 20，TPO 21，TPO 23 和TPO 26，它們分別研究的是：樹木回收性砍伐的好處、佛羅里達(dá)榧樹的保護(hù)、大火給森林帶來的損害、轉(zhuǎn)基因樹的好處、雪松數(shù)量減少、斑馬貝的入侵。例如(閱讀--- 聽力)：

TPO 14：回收性砍伐的好處

1. make room for the growth of the new trees---deprive the soil of the nutrients produced during the process of decomposition

2. minimize the danger of insect infestation---some insects are great contributors to the health of the forest

3. provide usable wood by industries and create additional jobs for local people---transportation of these woods is expensive and the jobs provided are temporary

TPO 18：佛羅里達(dá)榧樹減少的解決方案

tablish Torreya in the same location

with the coolest and dampest microclimate---the microclimate is strongly influenced by either global warming or the drained wetlands

Torreya to an entirely different location---Torreya will threaten other rendangered species

erve Torreya in research center---the research center can not ensure a large and genetically-diverse population of the Torreyatrees， which means the trees are not capableof resisting the disease

TPO 20：Let it burn policy 帶來的危害

1. damage the trees as well as the vegetation---there appears to be a biggerdiversity for the plants

g negative effects to the wildlife---small animals like the rabbits and hares are more likely to inhabit in the ideal place

harm to the local tourism， negatively contributing to the economy---only if it happens every year would it be a problem for tourism

從上面的考察點結(jié)合閱讀與聽力的內(nèi)容，我們給考生們總結(jié)了生態(tài)類話題的考點設(shè)置：

從單詞的層面上

物種名稱詞匯( 植物)：plant / cedar / plankton / Terroya tree / wild berry / organism / black locust tree

物種名稱詞匯(動物)：wildlife / insect / beetle / bear / mussel / hare / rabbit / shellfish

涉及棲息地詞匯：habitat / dwell / inhabit / habitat / bottom / wetland

生物鏈涉及詞匯：food chain / plankton eater/ predator / parasite / disease / infestation / infest / pest-resistant / resist / dominate / reproduce / germinate / nutrient

關(guān)于物種入侵：wipe out / crowd out / be aggressive / invade / invasion / colonize / compete for

表示物種數(shù)量的下降：decline / descend / shrink / extinct / endangered / minimize / devastate / destroy

科學(xué)技術(shù)層面的單詞：genetic modification / genetictechnology / genetically –diverse / geneticallymodified / uniform / gene / pesticide

常出現(xiàn)在綜合寫作閱讀和聽力部分的考點

生物減少原因：

Environment： temperature / climate change / global warming

Technology： genetically-modified plants /pest-unresistant / uniform in genes

Invasion： compete for nutrient/ infestation / parasite / predator

生物保護(hù)方法：

Environment： temperature / climate change / relocation

Technology： research center

防止生物擴(kuò)散的方法：

Biological introduction： predator

Human activities： capture (financially beneficial) / chemical control (poison / pesticide)

托福寫作商業(yè)類話題范文解析

首先公司的目標(biāo)是什么呢?當(dāng)然是money了。所以少不了要用上掙錢的各種說法。嗯，只會make money?別著急，咱們看看新聞報道里都會怎么說。

Panhanding used to be so personal， but now， there is cyber-begging： a girl seeks for money to have surgery to be skinny. She only gets 18 bucks. But others have raked in thousands.

這是一則講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)乞討的新聞。一個女孩在網(wǎng)上籌資做瘦身手術(shù)，但是只獲得了很少的18美金，而其他人已經(jīng)進(jìn)賬數(shù)千元(默默同情一下這個妹紙)。這里的rake in是指大賺一筆的意思。rake的原意是耙子(可自行想象豬八戒的釘耙)。rake in的意思就很好理解了：用耙子把錢都掃進(jìn)來。是不是很形象?

那既然說到錢了，肯定得說公司從哪兒賺錢對吧?精明的公司肯定有一套自己的生意經(jīng)和搖錢樹。嗯，那搖錢樹怎么說?肯定不是shake money tree啊!!咱們英文里自然有對應(yīng)的說法呢。有一則新聞在報道名人用自己的婚禮賺錢時就提到了這一表達(dá)：

Then， there is Starr Jones. She wasn’t even coy about cashing in， selling sponsorships for her big day to Continental Airlines， sationery studios， bridal shops， dry cleaners... Wreched excess costs explain why celebrities try to turn their vows into cash cows.

主持人Starr Jones在結(jié)婚時也沒忘賺錢，將大喜之日的贊助權(quán)賣給了大陸航空、文具公司、婚紗店、干洗店…… (這位姐也是蠻拼的~人生贏家啊)在這段新聞中咱們看到搖錢樹的表達(dá)是cash cows，比喻財源滾滾如同擠牛奶一般。順帶還有一個cash in也是掙錢的意思?？偠灾@位大姐又是cash in又是cash cows，肯定是個土豪。那土豪怎么形容?有一個說法是deep-pocketed，是形容詞表示多金和富有的意思。咱們記的時候就可以記土豪都需要深深的口袋來裝多多的錢~~想想也是醉了啊~~鑒于篇幅有限，屌絲君就不把原文放上來了，感興趣的小伙伴可以自己去查。

學(xué)了這么多“賺錢”，可別再說自己只會make money 了啊!!

而正常情況下，不是說公司想賺錢就能賺錢的(又不是中石油!!)。身在市場自然是要面對激烈的競爭。有多激烈呢?就比如說像下面這條一句話新聞：Lightweight computers are going head-to-head with pocket PC. 可以這么想象，競爭雙方都頭對頭了，那肯定說明競爭是異常激烈的。所以go head-to-head是一個很形象的表達(dá)。

但是就算是競爭也不可能會一帆風(fēng)順，公司總會遇到各種問題，甚至陷入困境之中。最典型的例子之一就是盜版音樂的猖獗對唱片業(yè)造成的沖擊。

比如說這篇報道：

The threat of new technologies has indeed pushed the recording industry into a tight corner. Case in point： Linkin Park. The brand was the biggest selling act of last year with about 4.8 million fans buying their hit album，Hybrid Theory， but it is estimated the same number got hold of unauthorized copies of the album.

著名的樂隊“林肯公園”在銷售音樂時也受到了盜版音樂的困擾。從一個側(cè)面反映出新興科技讓傳統(tǒng)的唱片業(yè)面臨了困境。在這里我們學(xué)到了一個新的詞組：push…into a tight corner，意思是“使….陷入困境中”。我們可以用來形容經(jīng)營不善或是產(chǎn)業(yè)蕭條使得公司陷入了困境中。另外這篇報道還買一送一，附送了一個用于舉例的表達(dá)： case in point，可以同for example進(jìn)行替換使用哦~~

話又說回來，如果咱們的公司運(yùn)作良好呢?那肯定是客源不斷財源滾滾啊~~說到客戶的話，那咱們也不必?fù)?dān)心沒話說。有一則商業(yè)新聞報道了納帕谷葡萄酒莊的故事：

We spent a lot of time up in Napa Valley， because we love the beauty… but no such luck for Tom Powers， who drives an average of sixty miles each day， from yard to yard， keeping the wine flowing for a client base growing as fast as the vines.

新聞中還用了比較詩意的語言來形容納帕谷。但是重點是在后面，為了擴(kuò)大生意，不得不奔波經(jīng)營自己的客戶群，能夠使得他們像藤蔓一樣繁榮生長。所以這里咱們就可以摘用這個形象的表達(dá) a client base growing as fast as the vines，怎么樣，是不是很棒?

學(xué)了這么多關(guān)于公司經(jīng)營的短語，難道就沒有躍躍欲試的沖動嘛?咱們上真題，看看這些短語表達(dá)都是怎么用的吧!

In order for a business to succeed， it must put more money in advertising.

題目說為了一個企業(yè)的成功，就必須投入更多的錢在廣告上。是關(guān)于公司經(jīng)營的哦~~咱們來看看這些短語都是怎么應(yīng)用噠~~

Undeniably， advertising is a necessity for a business to promote its product and rake in much profits. Since there are more and more competitors that go head-to-head in this commercialized society， only by investing more money in advertising can a product make a name， and even stand out. I would like to give an example. My aunt started a business of fast food. At first， she believed that the taste was the key to attractmore customers instead of promotion and therefore， did not put much money in advertising.

However， soon she found that the company was suffering from huge losses because customers did not know their brand very well， which pushed her business into a tight corner. Then she decided to add more money to advertise her stores by sending pamphlets and publishing tempting photos and blogs online. Gradually she had a client base growing as fast as vines. Undoubtedly she finally turned this business into cash cows. Now her deep-pocketed brand develops branches and earns more than millions of Yuan each month. Thus， this case has fully illustrated the importance of advertising.

托福寫作范文賞析

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Many people believe that a large income equals success. I believe, however, that success is more than how much money you make. Some of those measures of success include fame, respect, and knowledge.

Most people assume that famous people are rich people, but that isn’t always true. For example, some day I would like to be a famous researcher. Few scientists are rich by today’s standards. Still I will feel myself to be successful if I am well-known. Additionally, there are many famous humanitarians who are not rich. Mother Theresa was one. Certainly, no one would say she was not successful.

I also believe that being respected by coworkers indicates success. Without that respect, money means little. For example, I once did some work for a top attorney in a law firm. He made a very good salary, but he wasn’t a nice man. No one ever did work for him willingly. He orderd everyone around, and we didn’t respect him. In contrast, however, I had a wonderful band director in high school. He had to take extra jobs just to make enough money to support his family. However, his students had great respect for him and always listened to what he said. As a result, we were a very good band. In my opinion, my band director was more successful than the attorney was.

Finally, I think one of the most important indicators of success is knowledge. Wealthy people don’t know all the answers. For example, in the movie Good Will Hunting, the only person who could solve some complex problems was the janitor. He knew a lot, and decided what he wanted to do with that knowledge rather than just think about money. In my opinion, he was extremely successful.

When we think of history, there are few people that we remember simply because they were rich. Overall, we remember people who did something with their lives - they were influential in politics, or contributed to science or art or religion. If history is the ultimate judge of success, then money surely isn’t everything.

托福寫作的高分詞匯積累

angle

誹謗，中傷--aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate

贊揚(yáng)--extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium

頌詞，表揚(yáng)--laud eulogy ode hymn

反對，不贊成--demur deprecate dissent dissident

否認(rèn)，拒絕，駁斥-- contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject

repudiate gainsay

哀悼，后悔，哀嘆--deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent

驅(qū)逐，出境--deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude

ostracism

居住--dwell abide reside inhabit occupy

夸張，吹牛--vaunt exaggerate bombast overstate full-blown overdo magnify

amplify

夸張的--stilted lofty

活潑的--vivacious active animated brisk dynamic energetic exuberant gay