托福閱讀詞匯背不完

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托福閱讀詞匯背不完?掌握猜詞技巧從此不怕生詞。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈i喿x詞匯背不完 ,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀詞匯背不完?掌握猜詞技巧從此不怕生詞

托福閱讀猜詞技巧一 根據(jù)文中釋義猜

We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.由后面的解釋我們可以得知:“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“雜食的”。

托福閱讀猜詞技巧二 結(jié)合同位語猜詞

Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.

后面的同位語告訴我們“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化?!?/p>

Since the fossil of the Anchaeopteryx, the first ‘bird’, was discovered in Germany in 1861, there has been continuous disagreement as to whether or not it could actually fly.

Anchaeopteryx — the first bird: “始祖鳥”

托福閱讀猜詞技巧三 根據(jù)文中例子猜

After breakfast, many people go to church; but the children will be playing with their new toys, and the mother will probably be preparing the Christmas dinner. This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.

“chicken, turkey, duck, goose”同屬“poultry:家禽”。

托福閱讀猜詞技巧四 通過對比關(guān)系猜

Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.

“while”是一個顯示對比的信號詞,“reticent”與“talking”相對應(yīng),“reticent”:沉默的。

Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.

“agreed”與“dissented”形成對比。

托福閱讀猜詞技巧五 通過文中比喻猜

The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork (軟木塞) in water.

把熱氣球比作水中的軟木塞,說明“buoyant ”的意義:“漂浮;浮力。”

托福閱讀猜詞技巧六 通過替代詞猜

Venus rotates retrograde, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun.

由“backwards”這一替代詞得知“retrograde”的意思:“向后的?!?/p>

托福閱讀猜詞技巧七 通過常識猜

The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.

門太低,我的頭撞在“l(fā)intel門楣”上了。

He got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.

由經(jīng)驗(yàn)得知“pillion”是motorbike的“后座、后鞍?!?/p>

托福閱讀猜詞技巧八 通過構(gòu)詞法猜

More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.

form是詞根, formation“形式”,mal-:構(gòu)詞前綴,可表示“壞、惡、不良”,還可表示“不、不正常、不當(dāng)、非法?!眒alformation的意思就應(yīng)該是“畸形?!备嗟睦尤纾簃alnutrition: 營養(yǎng)不良;malconduct:(公職人員的)胡作非為;maladjustive: 引起失調(diào)的;不利調(diào)節(jié)的。

托福閱讀素材:美國人愛上了英國腔

Downton Abbey's Lady Mary is now the most in-demand British voice in America, new research has revealed.

有新研究指出,《唐頓莊園》里大小姐瑪麗的聲音已經(jīng)成為在美國最受歡迎的英國聲音。

Actress Michelle Dockery's cut glass English tones beat the likes of quintessential English actor Hugh Grant and current James Bond Daniel Craig, to become the most requested UK accent for the US voiceover industry.

女演員米歇爾?道克瑞那精致的英音擊敗標(biāo)桿人物英國演員休?格蘭特和新晉邦德演員丹尼爾?克雷格,成為美國配音行業(yè)最受歡迎的英國口音。

Voiceovers are big business in America covering everything from TV ads to recorded birthday greetings and at the moment famous British - and Irish - voices are particularly popular.

配音在美國是一個非常龐大的行業(yè),包括電視廣告到生日祝福錄音等領(lǐng)域?,F(xiàn)在英國和愛爾蘭名人的口音尤其受歡迎。

From Nigella Lawson's sultry tones to Liam Neeson's Ulster brogue and even Gordon Ramsay's angry rants, demand has more than doubled in the past year.

去年,妮格拉?羅森性感的聲音和連姆?尼森的愛爾蘭口音,甚至是戈登?拉姆齊的憤怒咆哮,這些聲音的需求量都成倍增長。

Copycat versions of these, and others from Hugh Grant to Keith Lemon, are used for all kinds of things including online guides, training videos and even automated voicemails.

這些聲音的模仿版本,以及模仿休?格蘭特,基思?檸檬的聲音被用于多個方面,包括在線指引,訓(xùn)練視頻和自動語音郵箱。

And Lady Mary's cut-glass upper-class accent is the most popular of the lot, according to PPH's analysis of 5,000 job adverts requesting British-sounding voices in the USA.

根據(jù)全球自由職業(yè)者市場網(wǎng)站PeoplePerHour(PPH)在美國對5000份英音招聘啟事的分析報告顯示,瑪麗精致高貴的口音在眾多聲音中最受歡迎。

It does not even mean using the real voice of Ms Dockery who plays the aristocrat in the successful series, said PPH boss Xenios Thrasyvoulou.

這并不意味著要使用大小姐瑪麗扮演者道克瑞女士的真實(shí)聲音,PPH的老板Xenios Thrasyvoulou如是說。

Instead, a good impression will do as it will for others on the top 20 list including Daniel Craig and Helen Mirren - familiar to Americans for playing James Bond and The Queen.

相反,一個好的印象非常重要,比如其他位列前20名的人,包括丹尼爾?克雷格和海倫?米倫,這兩位因扮演詹姆斯?邦德和女王而被美國觀眾所熟知。

All the Americans want is an English-speaking voice that sounds like the star or, sometimes, more generically they will ask for a 'BBC News' or a 'Downton Abbey' accent, according to research by global freelance marketplace PeoplePerHour (PPH).

PPH研究發(fā)現(xiàn),美國人想要的是一個聽起來像瑪麗說英語的聲音,或者,有時是想要一種“BBC新聞”或者“唐頓莊園”那樣的口音。

Colin Farrell, the Irish actor who is a Hollywood A-lister is high in the list alongside Scot James McAvoy, who has also had success in American movies.

好萊塢一線演員、來自愛爾蘭的科林?法瑞爾與在電影方面有極大成就的蘇格蘭演員詹姆斯?麥卡沃伊都在英國腔熱門榜上名列前茅。

Surprisingly, Cheryl Fernandez-Versini's Geordie accent is often requested, even though her failure as a US X-Factor judge was attributed to US audiences unable to understand her.

出乎預(yù)料的是,謝麗爾?費(fèi)爾南德茲-維西尼的口音需求也很旺盛,雖然她在美國X音素(X-Factor)中擔(dān)任評審的失敗被歸咎于美國觀眾聽不懂她說話。

Americans request British and Irish voiceovers more often than that of any other nation, said Xenios Thrasyvoulou and it is fast becoming a major UK export across the Atlantic.

美國人對英音和愛爾蘭口音的配音需求比對其他國家的都要大,Xenios Thrasyvoulou說。這也迅速成為英國跨越大西洋的主要出口業(yè)務(wù)。

Often they will request a 'Downton accent' or a 'Hugh Grant' or even a 'BBC News accent' when advertising for the service, said PeoplePerHour's research.

PeoplePerHour研究報告顯示,在需求廣告中,他們通常會提出想要一種“唐頓莊園”、“休?格蘭特”或者一種“BBC新聞”的口音。

It may be for promotional or training videos made by private companies or even for novelty purposes like a 'celebrity' voicemail on a mobile or landline telephone.

這些聲音可以被私人公司用于推廣或者訓(xùn)練視頻,甚至可以由一些新奇的用途,比如給手機(jī)或固定電話的語音信箱加一段“名人”語音。

Around 10.4 million Americans regularly tuned in to watch the last series of Downton Abbey shown over there and similar numbers enjoy Sherlock and Doctor Who.

大概有1040萬美國人會定期追看《唐頓莊園》,以及《神探夏洛克》和《神秘博士》。

But it is not just America. PPH found requests for British voices from countries as far afield as Australia and India to Mexico, Egypt and even Germany.

這個現(xiàn)象不僅僅發(fā)生在美國。PPH發(fā)現(xiàn)對英音的需求還來自澳大利亞,印度,墨西哥,埃及甚至德國等國家。

Xenios Thrasyvoulou said: 'The original British export was manufacturing then it was financial services now it seems to be the British accent.

Xenios Thrasyvoulou說:“英國起初的出口是制造業(yè),隨后是金融業(yè),現(xiàn)在是英式口音?!?/p>

'With more companies than ever across the world utilising videos for promotional purposes, voiceover artists from the UK are cashing in on the popularity of their accents.

“隨著世界各國各個公司更多地使用視頻資料來做宣傳推廣,英國配音演員也因他們的口音而獲益頗豐?!?/p>

'It's not just companies either, it seems that people from America, Australia and the UAE are also hiring voiceovers for novelty projects like birthday messages.

“而且不僅僅是公司方面的需求,美國,澳大利亞和阿拉伯聯(lián)合國酋長國的人們都在用新奇的方式使用英國腔,例如錄制生日祝福語等。

'The is potentially driven by a new wave of British programmes that are becoming hugely popular in the US and other countries across the world.'

“英國的電視節(jié)目在美國和其他各國都越來越受歡迎,而這種對英音的需求正是其內(nèi)在驅(qū)動的結(jié)果?!?/p>

TOP TWENTY MOST IN DEMAND BRITISH ACCENTS IN AMERICA

美國最受歡迎的英音前20位

1. Lady Mary (Downton Abbey)

2. Hugh Grant

3. Daniel Craig

4. Colin Farrell

5. James McAvoy

6. Helen Mirren

7. Cheryl Fernandez-Versini

8. Hugh Laurie

9. Idris Elba

10. Sean Connery

1.大小姐瑪麗(唐頓莊園)

2.休?格蘭特

3.丹尼爾?克雷格

4.科林?法瑞爾

5.詹姆斯?麥卡沃伊

6.海倫?米倫

7.謝麗爾?費(fèi)爾南德茲-維西尼

8.休?勞瑞

9.伊德瑞斯?艾爾巴

10.肖恩?康納利

11. Liam Neeson

12. Simon Cowell

13. Keira Knightley

14. Gordon Ramsay

15. Benedict Cumberbatch

16. Matt Smith

17. David Beckham

18. Nigella Lawson

19. Jason Statham

20. Keith Lemon.

11.連姆?尼森

12.西蒙?考威爾

13.凱拉?奈特莉

14.戈登?拉姆齊

15.本尼迪克特?康伯巴奇

16.馬特?史密斯

17.大衛(wèi)?貝克漢姆

18.妮格拉?羅森

19.杰森?斯坦森

20.基思?檸檬

Vocabulary

cut glass 精致的

quintessential 典型的

sultry 迷人的

brogue 土音

托福閱讀背景知識:美國文學(xué)類

黑人文學(xué)

戰(zhàn)后黑人文學(xué)更趨成熟。拉爾夫·埃利遜 (1914- )的小說《看不見的人》和鮑德溫的散文,均已達(dá)到第一流

文學(xué)的水平。他們對種族不平等的抗議采取了更細(xì)膩、更深刻的表達(dá)方式。他們希望人們認(rèn)識到黑人是具有全部人性的人。這個時期里,女詩人關(guān)德琳·布魯克斯(1917-)的詩得到普遍好評;女劇作家洛倫·亨斯伯利(1930-1965)的劇本《太陽下的葡萄干》(1959)首創(chuàng)了黑人戲劇在百老匯上演的記錄。勒魯伊·瓊斯(1934- )是新一代的黑人詩人,他給自己另外起了一個穆斯林名字,表示他對美國文化的鄙棄。

南方作家

南方文學(xué)這個時期仍有發(fā)展,老作家??思{、波特(1890-1980)、威爾蒂(1909- )仍有重要作品問世。新作

家也不斷涌現(xiàn),著名的有斯泰倫(1925-)、奧康諾(1925-1964)、麥柯勒斯(1917-1967)等。他們不再從歷史的傳奇里尋找題材,而是關(guān)心現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中南方人精神上的苦悶。坦·威廉斯(1914-)是戰(zhàn)后享有盛名的南方劇作家,他的《玻璃動物園》等作品通過人物的性變態(tài)心理表現(xiàn)生活的不幸與空虛。

紐約作家

紐約的作家不象南方作家那樣具有某種共同的心理因素。人們把他們歸在一起,是因?yàn)樗麄兌紴榧~約的幾家雜志(《黨派評論》、《紐約書評》與《紐約人》)寫作,這幾家雜志上發(fā)表的評論與小說往往對美國文學(xué)的時尚產(chǎn)生影響。利·特里林(1905-1975)與瑪·麥卡錫(1912- )是很有見地的評論家,約翰·契弗 (1912- )與厄普代克(1932-)的小說用含有詩意又帶有嘲諷的細(xì)膩的筆觸探索大城市郊區(qū)居民的心理和意識,為東北部的中產(chǎn)階級描繪了一幅幅工筆精致的風(fēng)俗畫。

個性化的詩歌

這個時期,美國陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)了不少詩歌派別,如“垮掉派”、“黑山派”、“紐約派”、“具體派”、“自白派”和“新超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義派”。這些派別各有主張,但其共同點(diǎn)是企圖擺脫艾略特的“非個性化”的影響。新一代的詩人直抒胸臆,突出個人因素,具有一種“現(xiàn)時性”。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)美國特色,不再視倫敦為英語詩歌中心;他們干預(yù)政治,不再以超然物外而自傲;他們反對權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu),蔑視傳統(tǒng)規(guī)約,他們的詩歌描寫吸毒、.(包括同.)、精神分裂與對自殺的眷戀。這一切,可以看作對西方機(jī)械化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、非人性化的社會的一種反叛。理論與批評戰(zhàn)后,“新批評派”的勢力逐漸衰落。到了60年代,隨著各種激進(jìn)運(yùn)動的此起彼落,加上歐洲傳來“新左派”的思潮,學(xué)術(shù)界重新研究馬克思主義,又出現(xiàn)把馬克思主義與弗洛伊德心理學(xué)融合的理論主張。同時,結(jié)構(gòu)主義的理論也開始在學(xué)術(shù)界流行。這個時期里,文學(xué)家傳記這種樣式比較繁榮,出現(xiàn)了許多詳盡的評傳,較有代表性的是5卷本的《亨利·詹姆斯傳》(1953-1972),作者是里·艾迪爾(1907- )。


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