實用托福閱讀速讀技巧
實用托福閱讀速讀技巧,讀文章不要一字一句地讀!今天小編給大家?guī)韺嵱猛懈ｉ喿x速讀技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
實用托福閱讀速讀技巧丨讀文章不要一字一句地讀!
一.托福閱讀速讀技巧解析
Skimming是只看主要大意的速讀。一篇文章的大意是有重點的。比如，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)first second的這種歸類總結(jié)的地方，或because，as a result這樣的因果關(guān)系，或是 but，however的語意轉(zhuǎn)折處，都需要格外留心。托福文章講述主要觀點之后通常會有for example來佐證，如果看懂了主要觀點，那么對示例所用的時間和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍閱讀文章意圖抓住文章大意時是非常重要的。
Scanning是“掃描”，但具體到閱讀中，大家最熟悉的莫過于查詞典時。在有意識地去查某個生詞的時候，我們不會去把它所在的頁上每一個字都看一遍才找到想要的。幾乎眼睛對詞典中的一頁掃一下，腦中只有要找的字，看到它，其他的地方都像沒有看到一樣。在托福的閱讀中，scanning的技巧在回答問題時，根據(jù)題干中問到的內(nèi)容，在文章中scan，可以幫助考生準(zhǔn)確地定位，找到答案。
二. 如何利用速讀法讀文章
托福的文章長度大多在700字之間。以平均每篇讀15分鐘計算，按照每分鐘閱讀150字的速度，一篇文章從頭到尾通讀，至少需4-5分鐘。這可了解文章的大意，但不一定保證讀得透徹。在第一遍通讀的過程中，考生不要期望每個字都一定要理解，遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思，這樣會浪費時間的。只需一直往下看，用前面介紹到的skimming原則，掌握文章的主旨即可。這個過程中，文章的第一段，尤其是每段的第一句話往往起著提綱挈領(lǐng)或起承轉(zhuǎn)合的作用，是閱讀時要多留心的地方。
掌握Skimming和Scanning技巧可以極大地提升我們閱讀托福文章的速度，能讓大家在有限時間內(nèi)把握托福閱讀段落主旨和文章大意。掌握了托福閱讀速讀技巧以后，我們還要去學(xué)習(xí)一些托福閱讀做題技巧，結(jié)合著速讀技巧一起使用才能保障閱讀高分。
托福閱讀大概需要掌握多少詞匯量
托福閱讀的詞匯問題似乎是大家一向比較有爭議的一件事情，有的人認(rèn)為托福閱讀只要四級甚至高中的詞匯量就可以搞定，但是有的人覺得單詞背得多多益善，還要盡量多背一些專業(yè)詞匯。其實這兩種看法都是不甚準(zhǔn)確的。
首先，托福閱讀確實是需要六級以上的詞匯量才能得到相對較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。為什么?
第一是因為托福閱讀中有一種題目叫做詞匯題，詞匯題是這樣的一種題：你認(rèn)識這個單詞就肯定能做對，而且能很快地做對。你不認(rèn)識這個單詞就是經(jīng)過層層推斷，耗費了很多時間還很容易得到錯誤的結(jié)果，所以說解決詞匯題的王道就是認(rèn)識這個單詞。那么詞匯題在托福閱讀中究竟有多重要呢?是占了25%以上的比例的。OG上說，每篇閱讀題有3-6個單詞題(每篇托福閱讀總共只有13個題呀)，可見詞匯題的重要性--只要把詞匯題解決了，就能輕松拿下托福閱讀中的一大塊分?jǐn)?shù)，還為做其它題節(jié)省了寶貴的時間。托福閱讀的詞匯題中考到的詞匯是什么難度呢?大概是6級的詞匯，也有稍難一些的。所以為了保險起見，單詞的水平要達到6級以上，這樣就可以把閱讀中單詞題的分?jǐn)?shù)拿滿。
第二是閱讀速度的問題。對于中國考生，托福閱讀的一大障礙在于時間不夠用，讀文章的速度太慢了。不是說認(rèn)識單詞就能快速讀懂文章，而是說單詞量太小閱讀速度必然大打折扣!
托福閱讀需要知道一點專業(yè)詞匯這不假，但絕非很難很專的詞匯。
托福閱讀考察的詞匯是偏于專業(yè)性質(zhì)的，原因是這樣：托?？荚囀菫榱丝纯忌挠⒄Z水平能否保證其在大學(xué)中順利學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)知識，因此考察的內(nèi)容是偏重學(xué)術(shù)的方面的，而閱讀文章也多從大學(xué)課本的簡易內(nèi)容中選取。所以在背單詞的時候?qū)τ趯W(xué)術(shù)詞匯給予一定程度的重視是合理的。
托福閱讀考察的專業(yè)詞匯難度有限。這點也是很自然的，因為托福畢竟是一門英語水平考試，又不是專業(yè)考試。難度較大的專業(yè)詞匯在閱讀中確實會出現(xiàn)，但根本不是考察的內(nèi)容，而且其意思可以很容易地猜出來。舉個例子：It should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals，這是OG閱讀題中的一個原句。這句話中的cetacean就是一個過分專業(yè)而無需背的單詞，你只要認(rèn)識了whales，dolphins，mammals就知道了cetacean是生活在水里(海里的)動物，而且是哺乳動物，這就相當(dāng)于知道了cetacean的意思了。需要記憶的是mammal，whale，dolphin這種比較常用的專業(yè)詞匯，而不是cetacean這種生僻的類型，把精力放在背這種艱澀的單詞上是很不值得的。
總結(jié)一下，托福閱讀確實需要6級以上的詞匯量，并且需要記憶相對常用的專業(yè)詞匯，但絕對不要把精力放在死摳生僻的專業(yè)詞匯上，因為那并不是托福閱讀考察的內(nèi)容。
托福閱讀中的多義詞
其實，總結(jié)托福閱讀里出現(xiàn)的詞匯，詞組，以及每天花一定時間記憶托福閱讀高頻詞匯是相當(dāng)重要的，但是，這個過程要注意方法：記憶詞匯最好結(jié)合一定的語言環(huán)境去記，通過一定的語言環(huán)境，去理解單詞的內(nèi)涵，甚至是其表達方式的文化背景。
在這里，先舉個簡單的例子，大家都知道work是工作，勞動的意思，而在“The new method worked”這個句子里，work的意思卻是奏效的意思。太簡單了?那好，我們再來看個例子，deny這個詞，很多人都知道是否認(rèn)，拒絕的意思，大家甚至于列出一大堆同義詞來，比如，refuse， decline， reject 等， 這是個好現(xiàn)象，但是很多學(xué)生當(dāng)碰到 “In the old times， a lot of girls were denied the right of education。”
這樣的句子的時候就開始犯難了。否認(rèn)，拒絕套進去似乎都解釋不通。其實，這個句子里的deny沒像大家想象的那么神秘，各位可以用 be deprived of 這個詞組來理解它。
在拿到一個單詞的時候，在了解了其中文意思，參照了例句之后，大家不妨想一下，如果是我來用這個詞造個句子，我會怎么用它。用了主動語態(tài)之后，我該怎么把這個詞放到被動語態(tài)中去，加上時間狀語、地點狀語、條件狀語等等之后又是怎么樣的，如果我是外國人，我會怎么運用它。
每個人遣詞造句的思路其實是大同小異的(當(dāng)然也不乏思維特異的人，不過托福考試畢竟針對的是廣大的人民群眾，而不是針對愛因斯坦這樣級別的學(xué)生的)，因此托福閱讀文章的作者也是如此，如果，你在記憶托福詞匯的時候，能夠靈活運用，注意詞匯的外延，那勢必會對你理解不同的句型，文章帶來好處。
托福閱讀：A-Z讀懂兩會關(guān)鍵詞
The plenary sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the National Committee of the Chinese People' s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)， popularly known as the "two sessions", are kicking off this week. What will be the big talking points? We have compiled a list of 26 hot topics, in accordance with the 26 letters in the English alphabet.
被稱作“兩會”的全國人民代表大會(NPC)與中國人民政治協(xié)商會議(CPPCC)本周拉開大幕。今年的兩會有哪些看點?我們以26個英文字母為索引，為你梳理26個兩會熱點話題。
A|Anti-corruption 重拳反腐
The Chinese government has adopted a zero-tolerance approach in fighting corruption since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in November 2012. In 2015, China's top anti-graft watchdog said it will net more "tigers" and "flies" - corrupt government officials at both higher and lower levels - and combat graft in State-owned enterprises (SOEs). But how to build a long-term mechanism to supervise the exercise of official power requires suggestions from NPC deputies and CPPCC members。
2012年11月的中共十八大以來，中國政府對待反腐采取“零容忍”的態(tài)度。2015年，中國反腐監(jiān)察機構(gòu)表示將繼續(xù)“打虎拍蠅”，并開辟國企反腐的戰(zhàn)場。但是，如何建立權(quán)力監(jiān)督的長期機制，仍需兩會代表獻策建言。
B|Breakup of Monopolies 破除壟斷
Although China has eased market access in many industries and started SOE reforms in a bid to mobilize private investment and break monopolies, there is still a lot to do to achieve fair competition. Experts believe the private sector will reap more fruit this year。
盡管中國已經(jīng)放寬許多行業(yè)的市場準(zhǔn)入門檻并開始國企改革，以調(diào)動私人投資，破除壟斷，但如何實現(xiàn)社會資源平等競爭還大有空間。專家預(yù)計，今年民營經(jīng)濟在這方面將有更多收獲。
C|Check of Power 簡政放權(quán)
In the past two years, China's central government has prioritized the task of cutting red tape and delegating power to lower-level governments. Altogether, 798 administrative approval items have been canceled or delegated to local governments. The move has curbed corruption and stimulated entrepreneurship. More progress can be expected in the area。
過去兩年，中央政府簡政放權(quán)成為改革重頭戲，國務(wù)院累計取消和下放798項行政審批事項，有力地防止了腐敗，激發(fā)了創(chuàng)業(yè)激情。這方面還會更有新進展。
D|Democracy 中國式民主
In February, the CPC Central Committee published a document proposing to promote "consultative democracy". Consultative democracy - defined as a democratic pattern in which, led by the CPC, all sections of society are consulted on major issues before and during policy-making processes - helps Chinese people take part in the country's governance and makes sure that diverse voices can be heard and consensus can be reached. The two sessions are perfect examples of China exerting consultative democracy and offer a window for people to observe and understand China's democracy。
2月，中共中央印發(fā)《關(guān)于加強社會主義協(xié)商民主建設(shè)的意見》，將協(xié)商民主定義為“在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，人民內(nèi)部各方面圍繞重大問題，在決策之前和決策實施之中開展廣泛協(xié)商，努力形成共識的重要民主形式。”而“兩會”正是“協(xié)商民主”的絕佳體現(xiàn)，這為關(guān)注并試圖理解中國式民主的人們提供了視角。
E|Engines 經(jīng)濟引擎
In early 2015, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang put forward a fresh concept at Davos - "Two engines": "To transform the traditional engine of growth by focusing on increasing thesupply of public goods and services" and "To foster a new engine of growth by encouraging mass entrepreneurship and innovation." In 2015, China is sure to take steps to fuel the "two engines" so that the economy can maintain a medium-to-high speed of growth and achieve a medium-to-high level of development。
李克強總理在瑞士達沃斯年會上發(fā)表演講時首次提出“雙引擎”概念：一方面要改造升級傳統(tǒng)引擎，擴大公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)的供給;另一方面要培育打造新引擎，推動大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新。2015年中國將采取措施為“雙引擎”加油，使其釋放能量助推中國經(jīng)濟保持“雙中高”——實現(xiàn)中高速增長、邁向中高端水平。
F|"Four Comprehensives" “四個全面”
CPC mouthpiece the People's Daily has carried a series of editorials prior to the annual legislative session, expounding the concept of the "Four Comprehensives", first raised by Xi Jinping in December. The concept includes comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society, deepening reform, advancing the rule of law and strictly governing the Party. The concept, drawing widespread attention from home and abroad, is expected to be the main theme of the legislative session。
兩會前，《人民日報》發(fā)表系列評論，闡述習(xí)近平去年12月首次提出的“四個全面”——“全面建成小康社會、全面深化改革、全面推進依法治國、全面從嚴(yán)治黨”。這個新提法受到了海內(nèi)外的廣泛關(guān)注，被認(rèn)為將成兩會“主旋律”。
G|GDP 經(jīng)濟增長
At the opening meeting of the NPC session on Thursday, Li Keqiang will reveal this year's GDP target when delivering the government work report. It is the subject of much anticipation at home and abroad. Most Chinese provinces lowered their GDP targets for 2015 at previous local legislative sessions。
3月5日的人大會議開幕會上，李克強總理在《政府工作報告》中將披露今年GDP增長預(yù)期目標(biāo)，這是一個海內(nèi)外普遍關(guān)注的懸念。在此前召開的地方兩會上，絕大多數(shù)省份都下調(diào)了2015年GDP增長目標(biāo)。
H|Hong Kong 香港
2014 was an eventful year for Hong Kong. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program kicked off trading. Guangdong and Hong Kong liberalized their service trade, and the Guangdong free trade zone (FTZ) was approved. Meanwhile, the illegal "occupy"protest movement negatively impacted Hong Kong's development and reform to its political system. Differences of opinion between people from the mainland and Hong Kong have surged。
2014年對香港特別行政區(qū)來說喜憂交加：“滬港通”開鑼、粵港基本實現(xiàn)服務(wù)貿(mào)易自由化、廣東自貿(mào)區(qū)獲批;與此同時，長達兩個多月的“占中”非法集會也對香港的發(fā)展與政制改革帶來不良影響，兩地人員交流往來也出現(xiàn)了一些摩擦。
I|Innovation 創(chuàng)新
Innovation is an engine to China's development, and reform an ignitor to the engine. As the economy enters a "new normal", and growth slows, China's economy will rely more on innovation to drive its growth。
創(chuàng)新是中國發(fā)展的新引擎，而改革是必不可少的點火器。在經(jīng)濟步入新常態(tài)、增速明顯放緩的大趨勢下，中國經(jīng)濟更加需要依靠創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動。
J|Jobs 就業(yè)&創(chuàng)業(yè)
The number of jobs forecast to be created this year will be revealed at the annual legislative session. In the past two years, despite an economic slowdown, the number of newly-created jobs has increased steadily. China is promoting employment through encouraging business start-ups, cutting red tape and delegating power to lower-levelgovernments。
今年中國決心創(chuàng)造多少新就業(yè)崗位，將在兩會中披露。近兩年，在經(jīng)濟增速放緩的同時，新增就業(yè)人數(shù)卻穩(wěn)步上升。中國正在用激勵創(chuàng)業(yè)、簡政放權(quán)的辦法推動就業(yè)。
K|Key Policies 關(guān)鍵政策
China's fiscal and monetary policies in 2015 under the circumstances of slowed economic growth are the key focus of the two sessions。
在經(jīng)濟增速放緩的情況下，中國如何制定2015年的財政政策與貨幣政策，將成為兩會的重中之重。
L|Law 法治
2015 has been defined by the Chinese leadership as "the first year of comprehensively promoting the rule of law". The two sessions are expected to address legal and judicial aspects in detail: for example, a bill to amend the Legislation Law。
2015年是中國全面推進依法治國的開局之年。兩會將具體細(xì)化依法治國各項任務(wù)，如審議立法法修正案草案。
M|Military 國防軍事
China's military expenditure will definitely become one of the most discussed topics during the two sessions in Western and domestic media. The question China faces is how to build and manage a stronger army in new conditions。
兩會將披露一個海內(nèi)外極其關(guān)注的數(shù)據(jù)：中國的軍費。新形勢下中國如何治軍強軍成為關(guān)注焦點。
N|New Normal 新常態(tài)
"New normal" is a buzz word in 2014 and it will be the first appearance of the word at the two sessions since it became a guideline for Chinese leaders in economic policy-making。
“新常態(tài)”名列2014年度中國十大新詞語榜首，并已經(jīng)成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人制訂經(jīng)濟政策的依據(jù)。今年兩會，是“新常態(tài)”一詞成為政策話語后的第一次兩會。
O|Opening up 開放
China became a net foreign investor for the first time in 2014. However, foreign capital still plays a vital role in the Chinese economy, especially in improving the quality and efficiency of growth and in driving innovation. In 2015, China will further open up its service sector, guided by experience distilled from the Shanghai Free Trade Zone。
2014年，中國第一次成為對外凈投資國。但是，外資對中國經(jīng)濟仍然必不可少，特別體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟提質(zhì)增效和創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展等方面。2015年，中國將繼續(xù)擴大多個領(lǐng)域?qū)ν忾_放，同時推廣上海自貿(mào)區(qū)經(jīng)驗。
P|Pollution 污染問題
"We will resolutely declare war against pollution as we declared war against poverty," said Premier Li Keqiang at the parliamentary sessions last year. A poll has showed that pollution control and environmental protection remains one of the biggest areas of publicconcern ahead of the two sessions。
“我們要像對貧困宣戰(zhàn)一樣，堅決向污染宣戰(zhàn)。”去年兩會上李克強總理的這句話擲地有聲。網(wǎng)調(diào)顯示，污染問題和環(huán)境治理是今年兩會前最受公眾關(guān)注的話題之一。
Q|Quality 質(zhì)量
China will not pursue statistical growth single-mindedly, but try to strike a balance where industrial transformation and upgrading and a rational growth rate can all be achieved. The country is embarking on a development path characterized by efficiency, quality, sustainability and steadiness。
中國表示將不再簡單追求增長速度，而將在轉(zhuǎn)型升級與保持合理增長區(qū)間內(nèi)找到一個黃金平衡點，追求有效率、高質(zhì)量、可持續(xù)、更穩(wěn)健有力的發(fā)展。
R|Reform 改革
This year has been defined by the top leadership as a crucial period for deepening reform. In which fields will these reforms take place? The government work report will give the answer。
用領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的話說，以全面深化改革為特征的中國新改革今年進入了關(guān)鍵之年。改革將在哪些領(lǐng)域落筆?《政府工作報告》將給出答案。
S|Silk Road 絲綢之路
It is widely expected that more tangible achievements will be made in the "Belt and Road" networks. At their local legislative sessions, 31 Chinese provinces, cities and autonomous regions said they would actively participate in or support the building of the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road。
各方普遍預(yù)測2015年將成為“一帶一路”(絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路)做深做實的一年。多個省市區(qū)在地方兩會上表示將積極參與或服務(wù)于“一帶一路”。
T|Tibet 西藏
2015 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region. The Chinese central government's policies on governing Tibet will attract attention from reporters home and abroad。
2015年是西藏自治區(qū)成立50周年。中央治藏政策將是海內(nèi)外記者們關(guān)注的話題。
U|United States 中美關(guān)系
Xi Jinping is scheduled to pay a State visit to the United States in September. Last year, China and the United States reached consensus in aspects including visa arrangements, trade and military trust. The two sides also released the landmark China-U.S. Joint Announcement on Climate Change. Reporters will try to get some hints on how China and the United States will rise above their differences。
習(xí)近平主席將于今年9月應(yīng)邀對美進行國事訪問。去年中美就簽證互惠、軍事互信、貿(mào)易談判等問題達成多項協(xié)議與共識，還發(fā)表了具有里程碑意義的《中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明》。未來兩國如何拓展合作、管控分歧，各國記者們很可能借兩會場合一探究竟。
V|Values 價值觀
Authorities believe that moral and ethical education should run through the reform and opening up and influence ordinary people's lives, with the core socialist values of harmony, integrity and fairness being cultivated。
中國正提倡把精神文明建設(shè)貫穿改革開放和現(xiàn)代化全過程、滲透社會生活各方面，并大力培育和諧、公正、平等等社會主義核心價值觀。
W|World 世界
Given China's fast development and closer ties with other nations, the world cares ever more about Chinese views and attitudes. Attention will be given to a series of regional hot-spot issues and worldwide issues at the two sessions。
隨著中國的迅速發(fā)展和與世界的聯(lián)系更加緊密，“中國怎么看”正變得越來越重要。一系列全球和地區(qū)熱點話題將在兩會受到關(guān)注。
X|Xi Jinping 習(xí)近平
The schedule of the Chinese President Xi Jinping will be closely watched. Internationaland domestic media are wondering what he will say when discussing state affairs with national lawmakers and political advisors。
國家主席習(xí)近平的兩會日程引人注目，國內(nèi)外媒體都關(guān)注他與代表委員共商國是時會講到什么。
Y|Year 承前啟后之年
2015 marks the final year of China's 12th Five-Year Plan, and will also usher in the 13th Five-Year Plan towards the end of the year. The two sessions comes at a crucial period of time in between。
今年是全面完成“十二五”規(guī)劃的收官之年，中國即將開啟“十三五”規(guī)劃。兩會恰逢全面建成小康社會承前啟后的關(guān)鍵時間點。
Z|Zone 自貿(mào)區(qū)
A year and a half after the launch of the pioneering Shanghai FTZ, similar FTZs in Guangdong, Fujian and Tianjin have been approved and may have an official kick-off very soon. Experts say they are not simple copies of the Shanghai FTZ, but more regionally integrated, targeted, and differentiated in their functions。
中國首個自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)正式于上海掛牌近一年半后，粵閩津三個新設(shè)自貿(mào)區(qū)正式掛牌之日漸近。專家認(rèn)為新一批自貿(mào)區(qū)并非對上海自貿(mào)區(qū)經(jīng)驗的簡單復(fù)制，而是區(qū)域化特征明顯、目標(biāo)指向性更強，走差異化道路。