解讀托福閱讀解題4個(gè)常見錯(cuò)誤解題思路方法

托福閱讀解題過程中缺乏指導(dǎo)的同學(xué)很容易產(chǎn)生一些錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)和看法，并隨之采取不正確的解題方式，進(jìn)而影響到正確率和答題效率。今天小編給大家?guī)砹私庾x托福閱讀解題4個(gè)常見錯(cuò)誤解題思路方法 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

【高分技巧】解讀托福閱讀解題4個(gè)常見錯(cuò)誤解題思路方法

托福閱讀錯(cuò)誤解題思路：選擇題用排除法就完事了

這種錯(cuò)誤思路其實(shí)是很多同學(xué)面對(duì)選擇題這種題型時(shí)都會(huì)有的想法，而且不止局限于托福閱讀甚至托?？荚嚕部荚囍杏辛诉x擇題可能就會(huì)有人想到要用排除法。實(shí)際上在小編看來排除法并不是做選擇題非用不可的技巧，比如托福閱讀中一些細(xì)節(jié)題和詞匯題，本身難度較低也需要太多復(fù)雜的思考判斷，考生無需排除很可能就直接能找到正確選項(xiàng)，用了排除法反而會(huì)讓原本單純的解題思路變得復(fù)雜化，或是額外消耗不必要的時(shí)間來進(jìn)行逐個(gè)排除。

因此，面對(duì)選擇題，在沒有把握直接找到正確選項(xiàng)的情況下大家的確可以求助于排除法來解題，但如果是難度較低一眼就能看到正確答案，或者考生本身對(duì)答案很有自信的話，不用排除法也是完全可行的。單純拘泥于固定做題思路反而是缺乏答題自信的表現(xiàn)。

托福閱讀錯(cuò)誤解題思路：不看標(biāo)題直接看文章

托福閱讀的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是每篇文章都會(huì)給出一個(gè)標(biāo)題，而在不少同學(xué)看來，這個(gè)標(biāo)題就是裝裝樣子的，直接忽略讀正文就可以了。這也是普遍存在于托?？忌踔敛糠掷蠋熜闹械囊环N錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。其實(shí)做為出題者，ETS不可能給出一個(gè)完全沒有作用的標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題的存在就是用來提示考生文章主題和話題類別的。仔細(xì)看一下標(biāo)題，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的考生不僅能夠了解到之后的文章會(huì)說什么，甚至連文章可能出現(xiàn)的論述結(jié)構(gòu)和大體內(nèi)容都能猜個(gè)八九不離十。標(biāo)題的提示作用，考生如果直接無視其實(shí)是很可惜的。

同時(shí)，標(biāo)題也能夠幫助考生調(diào)整之后閱讀正文時(shí)的心態(tài)。大家都知道托福閱讀的文章題材類型眾多，其中有些話題可能考生不感興趣，有些則會(huì)讓大家特別有興趣去了解。這個(gè)對(duì)話題的感興趣程度因人而異，也會(huì)影響大家讀文章時(shí)候的仔細(xì)和投入度。而通過對(duì)標(biāo)題的閱讀，考生能夠提前知曉之后文章的話題內(nèi)容，如果是感興趣的話題自然最好不過，而不感興趣的話題大家也能提前調(diào)整好心態(tài)，至少保證自己能夠以相對(duì)認(rèn)真投入的態(tài)度去閱讀理解文章內(nèi)容。從這一層面上來說，不看標(biāo)題也是頗為不妥的做法。

托福閱讀錯(cuò)誤解題思路：對(duì)付詞匯題只能靠詞匯量

一說到托福閱讀詞匯題，可能很多同學(xué)都會(huì)下意識(shí)地認(rèn)為這就是個(gè)無腦考察大家托福詞匯量的題型，換句話說，詞匯題中題目和選項(xiàng)的詞匯看得懂就能做，看不懂就只能干瞪眼瞎猜。這種想法是非常武斷的。從題型考點(diǎn)上來看，托福閱讀詞匯題考察的考點(diǎn)并不只是詞匯量，還有大家對(duì)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力以及結(jié)合詞匯所在上下文進(jìn)行含義推理的能力。這3重考點(diǎn)加在一起才構(gòu)成了詞匯題真正的考察目標(biāo)。

因此，同樣是詞匯題，難度較低的題目大家具備一定的基礎(chǔ)詞匯量就能解答，而難度較高的詞匯題，其中出現(xiàn)的詞匯則很有可能并不在常規(guī)的托?？忌笳莆盏脑~匯表當(dāng)中，需要考生結(jié)合推理分析能力和對(duì)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)比如前后詞綴詞根的認(rèn)識(shí)才能較好的搞清其含義進(jìn)行解題。如果大家覺得做不好詞匯題就是自己詞匯量不夠，也不去開動(dòng)腦筋思考和學(xué)習(xí)如何在不認(rèn)識(shí)生詞的情況下解答詞匯題，那其實(shí)才是真正偷懶和不負(fù)責(zé)任的做法。

托福閱讀錯(cuò)誤解題思路：最后一題到最后再做

大家都知道托福閱讀每篇文章的最后一題都是壓軸大題，無論難度還是分值都很高，因此也有不少同學(xué)會(huì)產(chǎn)生把最后一題留到最后再做的解題思路。而按照當(dāng)今主流的邊看文章邊做題的閱讀解題模式，這種做法似乎也是非常自然的。然而在小編看來，考生如果想要保證最后一題的正確率，以及提升閱讀部分的整體答題速度，那么最后一題就不能留到最后再處理。

應(yīng)對(duì)這道壓軸難題，小編建議大家不妨先去讀一下題目，了解這道題目到底考的是什么。一般來說，最后一題多為總結(jié)題，常見的是6選3或是7選5的題目要求，而且提問對(duì)象一般都是文章整體，比如各個(gè)段落的敘述內(nèi)容，或者文章的論述結(jié)構(gòu)等等。因此，提前了解好這道題目的要求，之后帶著問題去邊讀文章邊做前面的題目，在這個(gè)過程中大家也會(huì)下意識(shí)地去尋找最后一題的線索和答案。等到了要做這道題的時(shí)候，其實(shí)考生就已經(jīng)一定程度上掌握好了解題這道題的思路，也就完全可以避免專門為了這道題再重新看一遍文章所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間精力了。而只有這么做，考生才算是真正做到了讀一遍文章就能做完所有題目的高效解題模式，閱讀部分的整體節(jié)奏和耗時(shí)才能更好地貼近考試的時(shí)間安排。

總而言之，托福閱讀部分解題的確可以通過不少技巧來提升效率和正確率，但考生也需要對(duì)那些存在漏洞或是本身即為錯(cuò)誤理解所產(chǎn)生的解題思路加以避免才行。上文中提到的這些托福閱讀的錯(cuò)誤解題思路和方法，希望大家能夠引起警惕并且盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正，以確保托福閱讀高效解題目標(biāo)的順利達(dá)成。

托福閱讀句子插入題的一個(gè)本質(zhì)和一個(gè)原則

在托福閱讀備考的過程中，除了對(duì)單詞，長難句分析以及學(xué)術(shù)背景進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充之外，10種托福閱讀的基本題型也是大家準(zhǔn)備的重點(diǎn)。畢竟就像去醫(yī)院治病一樣，能對(duì)癥下藥，當(dāng)然會(huì)起到更好的效果。句子插入題本來屬于10種題型中比較簡(jiǎn)單的類型，但是在對(duì)眾多學(xué)生的課程教授過程之中，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子插入題的一個(gè)本質(zhì)和一個(gè)原則往往被大家忽略，導(dǎo)致失分很多，希望大家引起重視。

PART1：一個(gè)本質(zhì)---插入句是一句“可有可無”的話。

本題的出題位置大家比較清楚，一般處于倒數(shù)第二題的位置，并且用來出題的段落是大家應(yīng)該在前面的題目中已經(jīng)見到過，而之前的題目和文章既然大家理解起來沒有出現(xiàn)大的障礙，就說明插入進(jìn)來的句子是----一句可有可無的話。這就要從兩個(gè)方面來理解了。

○何為“可有”?

既然插入句能放進(jìn)原文中去，就說明它和原文是有一定關(guān)系的，所以叫“可有”，這也就意味著，插入句的部分含義是在原文中有所重復(fù)的。所以我們的重點(diǎn)是回到文中找那部分被重復(fù)的句意。例如：

█Watt's steam engine soon showed what it could do. █It liberated industry from dependence on running water. █The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps, which made possible deeper and deeper mining. █The ready availability of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millennium and a half. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century, well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even streets. Iron manufacturers, which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal, also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal: blast furnaces with steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery. Steam became the motive force of the Industrial Revolution as coal and iron ore were the raw materials.

(TPO6-Powering the Industrial Revolution)

Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

The factories did not have to go to the streams when power could come to the factories.

Where would the sentence best fit?

在上題中，“l(fā)iberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories did not have to go to the streams”句意便發(fā)生了重合。所以我們可以確定，文中第二句話的前后應(yīng)該是我們可以選擇的范圍。

○何為“可無”?

這個(gè)便是經(jīng)常被大家忽略的地方。既然這句話，可以省略，那么這個(gè)插入句究竟要符合什么特點(diǎn)呢?還是以上題為例，我們發(fā)現(xiàn) “l(fā)iberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories did not have to go to the streams”句意發(fā)生了重合，那究竟應(yīng)該把插入句放在第二個(gè)█還是第三個(gè)█呢?這時(shí)就需要分情況討論了：

情況1：放在第二個(gè)█，也就是說我們認(rèn)為插入句是和下文有關(guān)系，既然要符合“可無”這個(gè)本質(zhì)，所以說插入句必須是對(duì)下文概括或者引出。

情況2：放在第三個(gè)█，也就是說我們認(rèn)為插入句是和上文有關(guān)系，既然要符合“可無”這個(gè)本質(zhì)，所以說插入句必須是對(duì)上文進(jìn)一步解釋。

綜合以上兩種情況，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，插入句要么總結(jié)引出下文，要么進(jìn)一步解釋上文。所以我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在插入題中，前一句的敘述范圍應(yīng)該總比后一句大。

根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容，也就引出了我們需要注意的一個(gè)非常重要的做題原則：

PART2：一個(gè)原則

在插入題中，句子的敘述順序遵循從大到小，從抽象到具體的原則。找到重復(fù)的句意后，按照大小順序安置插入句的位置。

在上題中，“l(fā)iberated industry from dependence on running water”的意思是解放了工廠對(duì)水流的依賴。 “The factories did not have to go to the streams”的意思是工廠不用去往河流的位置。顯然前者說的更概括和抽象，后者更具體，所以按照從大到小的順序，應(yīng)該選擇第二個(gè)█。

PART3：實(shí)踐練習(xí)

Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab world. █So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture. █From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a blue pigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China—that contained only a low level of manganese. Cobalt ores found in China have a high manganese content, which produces a more muted blue-gray color. █In the seventeenth century, the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe, which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably Delft. █The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially for the European market.

(TPO10-Chinese Pottery)

Look at the four squares [█]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

Foreign trade was also responsible for certain innovations in coloring.

Where could the sentence best fit?

在上題中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，插入句的“certain innovations in coloring”與原文中的“the Chinese acquired a blue pigment”句意進(jìn)行了重復(fù)，顯然，插入句說的更概括，范圍更大，所以根據(jù)從大到小的原則，應(yīng)該選擇第二個(gè)■。

托福閱讀背景文章：斯內(nèi)普教授離世

Just days after the music world lost icon David Bowie, Hollywood is mourning the loss of another legend. Alan Rickman, best known for his roles as Hans Gruber in Die Hard and Severus Snape in the Harry Potter movies, has passed away at the age of 69. The Guardian reports that the actor had been battling cancer, and that he died "surrounded by family and friends."

音樂巨星大衛(wèi)·鮑威去世沒幾天，好萊塢又痛失另一位傳奇人物。曾在《虎膽龍威》中飾演漢斯·格魯伯、在《哈利波特》系列中出演西弗勒斯·斯內(nèi)普的阿倫·瑞克曼，在與癌癥抗?fàn)幍倪^程中去世，享年69歲?！缎l(wèi)報(bào)》稱，瑞克曼“在家人和朋友的陪伴下離世”。

After a number of minor roles in British TV shows, Alan Rickman made his feature film debut in the 1988 action classic Die Hard. He went on to star as Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, along with roles in Bob Roberts, Sense and Sensibility and Dogma before he took on the role in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.

瑞克曼起先在英劇中出演過一些小角色，1988年才首次觸電大熒幕，參演經(jīng)典動(dòng)作片《虎膽龍威》。后來他又演過《俠盜王子羅賓漢》中諾丁漢郡長一角，并陸續(xù)出演了《天生贏家》、《理智與情感》、《天條》和《哈利波特與魔法石》等影片。

After studying graphic design at Graphic Design at Chelsea College of Art, he moved on to graduate studies at the Royal College of Art. Eventually, his love for theater lead him to audition for the prestigious Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), where he received a scholarship at the age of 26, which spawned an acting career that lasted more than 40 years, including numerous critically-acclaimed performances on the stage as well as film and TV work.

瑞克曼大學(xué)讀的是切爾西藝術(shù)學(xué)院的平面設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)，后來又繼續(xù)在英國皇家藝術(shù)學(xué)院讀了研究生。最終，因?yàn)閷?duì)戲劇的熱愛，他參加了著名的皇家戲劇藝術(shù)學(xué)院的面試，并在26歲時(shí)收獲了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。他40多年的演藝生涯也從此開始：不僅演過頗受好評(píng)的舞臺(tái)劇，還頻頻出現(xiàn)在電影和電視中。

The actor is survived by his wife, Rima Horton.

瑞克曼的妻子莉瑪·霍頓仍然健在。

明星好友發(fā)文悼念

.《哈利波特》原作者J·K·羅琳

"There are no words to express how shocked and devastated I am to hear of Alan Rickman's death. He was a magnificent actor & a wonderful man."

“言語無法表達(dá)我對(duì)阿倫·瑞克曼離世的震驚與悲慟。他是一個(gè)杰出的演員，一個(gè)了不起的人。”

.哈利·波特扮演者丹尼爾·拉德克利夫

"Alan Rickman is undoubtedly one of the greatest actors I will ever work with. He is also, one of the loyalest and most supportive people I've ever met in the film industry. He was so encouraging of me both on set and in the years post-Potter…"

“瑞克曼毫無疑問是我演藝生涯中遇到的最偉大的演員之一。他同時(shí)也是我在演藝界遇到的最忠實(shí)的好友、最樂于助人的人。無論在《哈利波特》片場(chǎng)還是在那之后的許多年，他一直給我許多鼓勵(lì)……”

.赫敏扮演者艾瑪·沃特森

"I'm very sad to hear about Alan today. I feel so lucky to have worked and spent time with such a special man and actor. I'll really miss our conversations. RIP Alan. We love you."

“今天聽到阿倫去世的消息我非常悲痛，我很幸運(yùn)與如此特別的演員合作過。我會(huì)十分想念我們之間曾經(jīng)的對(duì)話。安息吧阿倫，我們愛你?！?/p>

瑞克曼經(jīng)典鏡頭回顧

1. Professor Severus Snape, Harry Potter franchise

西弗勒斯·斯內(nèi)普教授，《哈利波特》系列影片

It's only right to remember him with one of Snape's most powerful lines in Harry Potter: "Always."

用這句斯內(nèi)普在《哈利波特》中的經(jīng)典臺(tái)詞來祭奠他吧：“永遠(yuǎn)?！?/p>

2. Hans Gruber, Die Hard

漢斯·格魯伯，《虎膽龍威》

If any one person can convince you of the idea that it’s never too late, it should be Rickman: His turn as Hans Gruber was his first big screen role at age 41.

只要你想努力，任何時(shí)候開始都不晚——瑞克曼用實(shí)際行動(dòng)詮釋了這句真諦：《虎膽龍威》是他首登大熒幕之作，而那個(gè)時(shí)候的他已經(jīng)41歲了。

3. Harry, Love Actually

哈里，《真愛至上》

It was beyond refreshing to see Rickman in a romantic comedy, as he was so accustomed to playing villains.

能看到瑞克曼這個(gè)經(jīng)常演壞蛋的老戲骨出現(xiàn)在浪漫愛情喜劇中，真是讓人眼前一亮。

4. Metatron, Dogma

大天使梅塔特隆，《天條》

Just look at the glorious wings on this seraphim.

看看大天使這對(duì)美輪美奐的羽翼吧。

5. Sheriff George of Nottingham, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves

諾丁漢郡長，《俠盜王子羅賓漢》

It's pretty impressive how such a lovable man managed to play so many sinister, malignant characters.

一個(gè)這么和藹可親的人卻要演這么多惡棍、壞蛋，也是驚人。

6. Jamie, Truly Madly Deeply

杰米，《一屋一鬼一情人》

Rickman portrayed a ghost who returns from the after-life to visit his heartbroken girlfriend.

瑞克曼在本片中扮演一個(gè)鬼魂，死后重返人間看望心愛的女友。

7. Colonel Brandon, Sense and Sensibility

布萊登上校，《理智與情感》

Though one of his smaller roles, his turn as Colonel Brandon features a pretty perfect Rickman.

雖然是個(gè)小角色，但在他的演繹下，一個(gè)完美的布萊登上校形象躍然熒屏。