托福閱讀3個答題壞習慣

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托福閱讀3個答題壞習慣不可不防, 提升效率先戒了它們。今天小編給大家?guī)砹恕⊥懈i喿x3個答題壞習慣不可不防,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀3個答題壞習慣不可不防 提升效率先戒了它們

1、詞匯題僅信任認識度

熟悉托??荚嚨耐瑢W都知道,托福閱讀試題中的詞匯題經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)一些難度比較大的詞匯,因此在做詞匯題時,許多考生認為做不對題與自己的詞匯量有關,認識單詞能做對,不認識單詞就會做錯。事實上,那些認識的單詞經(jīng)常做錯,不認識的單詞反而能做對。原因是,做不認識單詞時,考生往往會仔細研讀詞匯題的上下文,力求在上下文中突破。而做認識單詞時,忽略上下文的重要性,往往是裝模作樣的看一下上下文,便匆匆做出抉擇。所以,做好詞匯題關鍵。

2、讀文章之前先做題

在考試的時候,很多考生一拿到試卷便直接翻看后面的題目,自己揣測題意。在這種方法相當于瞎子摸象,對文章只有局部而主觀的認知,整個文章的概念是根本無法獲得的。以自己的思想去猜測文章大意,很多時候會偏離主旨。所以,這種不看文章直接做題的方法是極其危險的。

3、精讀文章后再做題

有些同學與上述情況則相反,過度地依賴文章,在看到試卷之后,一字不將文章精讀一遍再做題。如果你的閱讀速度超群,或者這篇文章你很熟悉,那這樣做未嘗不可。但是一般來說,采用細讀會導致做題時間嚴重不足。要知道,閱讀理解測試的不止是理解,更是速度。

托福閱讀如何化長為短?

1. 長句子

俗話說得好,世上本沒有長難句,修飾成分多了便有了長難句。面對一個難以理解的長句子,我們首先去反應一個問題,這個句子的生詞多不多?如果有較多不認識的生詞,那么先從單詞的查漏補缺開始做起。然而本文的重點不是單詞的記憶,而是面對單詞基本都認識,句子還是不理解或者讀不下去的問題該怎么辦。那么,問題的關鍵在于句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)你是否能夠明析,能否快速判斷出句子的主干和細節(jié)。接下來我們用一個例子加以說明。

A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

這個句子的單詞難度比較適中,但是句子本身的難度并不小。原因在于句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復雜,我們來對它進行庖丁解牛。

A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need.

紅色部分劃出了這個句子的核心主干(即主謂賓),間隔很大,支離破碎。注意后半部分嵌入了倒裝句established in their respective communities the idea and the need,establish是及物動詞,后面卻加了介詞in,說明此處有倒裝,還原正常語序應是established the idea and the need in their respective communities。倒裝出現(xiàn)的意義在于idea和need在原句中的后置定語(即藍色劃線部分)太長,為了防止頭重腳輕。

原句中綠色部分是人名的并列,也是本句主語art collectors的同位語。紫色部分是colonists的非謂語動詞后置定語,黃色部分是插入語用來進一步解釋art collectors。

綜上所述,本句運用了多種語法結(jié)構(gòu)(并列,倒裝,同位語,后置定語,插入語)把主干部分分割得支離破碎,如果對這些語法結(jié)構(gòu)不熟悉的同學肯定會一下子摸不著頭腦。而如果能夠盡最大努力把握其用法,那么對閱讀的速度和正確率的提升都有很大幫助。

翻譯:幾位藝術(shù)收藏家(此處省略幾位藝術(shù)家名字)將歐洲藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)介紹給那些被特許參觀他們畫廊的殖民者,尤其是有抱負的藝術(shù)家們,并在他們各自的社區(qū)建立了藝術(shù)具有價值的觀念和致力于鼓勵其發(fā)展的機構(gòu)的需要。

2. 長文章

說完句子結(jié)構(gòu),下面來說說段落和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性。面對比較長的段落和文章,要在短時間內(nèi)快速抓住重點信息,做對題目,那么對文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG真題文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States的段落為例來講解。

In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democratsdominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

對于這種較長的段落,如何快速辨別段落內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句與句之間的邏輯是理解的關鍵。[一般來說,段落的主題常出現(xiàn)的位置在段首和段尾,但是也有例外,比如段落內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,那么要注意轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容與前面相反而且是重點。]

這個段落,首句在講兩個黨派的社會組成是相似的,接著的第二三句出現(xiàn)了both、neither表示“都”、“都不”,提出了兩點相似之處。第四句出現(xiàn)了關鍵性的however,而該句以及接下來的句子主語也發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,都變?yōu)閮蓚€黨派的其中一個。那么,可以推斷出however之后的內(nèi)容與前面相反,所以段落的主題落在了Democrats和Whigs社會組成的不同之處。

3. 長題目

(包括選項)

有些學生過五關斬六將,好不容易將文章意思弄懂的差不多了,一看題目和選項瞬間又一臉懵x。于是只能依靠“經(jīng)典口訣”來蒙答案,三短一長選一長,三長一短選一短,參差不齊就選c。大家不要模仿哦!

選項看不懂這種情況的出現(xiàn)是為什么呢?主要原因在于選項的同義改寫。

同義,意味著核心意思保持一致;改寫,意味著換一種說法,簡單的例如替換同義詞語,復雜的例如改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)。下面,我們結(jié)合前面所講的長難句理解內(nèi)容來做一道句子簡化題。

The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.

B. Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.

C. The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.

D. The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.

答案:選D

單詞:

integrate v. 使融合;使結(jié)合

dominate v. 主宰

semisubsistence n. 半自給自足

languish v. 失去活力

快速做法:

Step 1:根據(jù)邏輯排除A,因果邏輯無

Step 2:根據(jù)主干結(jié)構(gòu)排除C,主語不對

Step 3:細讀B和D,發(fā)現(xiàn)B與原句矛盾,排除。

詳細解析:

原句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單易懂,主語是紅色部分。句子邏輯是綠色的whereas,表示“然而”。所以這句話是在對比Whigs和Democrats勢力分布上的區(qū)別。

A選項的極端詞only、最高級wealthiest、because因果邏輯均無體現(xiàn)

B選項表示兩個黨派的勢力在城市和鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)各自自然分布,與原句前半句矛盾

C選賢偷換主干,原句主干不是farming areas

D選項涉及同義改寫,whereas與while同義替換,邏輯對應。poorer areas同義對應原句的more isolated and languishing economically;market fully operating同義對應原句的fully integrated into market economy

綜上,對于托福閱讀長難句,首先按照邏輯排除與原句不對應的改寫,其次注意主干結(jié)構(gòu)是否原句一致。掌握好這兩個關鍵的步驟,很大程度上可以幫助我們快速排除掉“一本正經(jīng)胡說八道”的選項了。

托福閱讀總結(jié)題怎么做?

1.做到最后一題——總結(jié)題,瞅瞅時間18:30,瞬間心中涼半截;

2.憑印象選吧,6個選項中大概有5個都有印象;

3.排除細節(jié)吧,好像有4個以上都是講的具體的例子;

4.只好回頭看原文,再看題;

5.來回看;

6.石樂志。

有以上癥狀的同學,我們先換個角度考慮總結(jié)題的難度。

除最后一題及部分多選,前面十三道題如果用排除法的話,需要從4個選項中排除3個選項;相對的,總結(jié)題看似選擇3個正確選項,實則也是排除法的套路排除3個錯誤選項,難度和前面的題目幾乎持平。

為什么要用排除法呢?

各位同學在練習TPO對答案的過程中肯定會有這樣的經(jīng)歷,就是正確選項其實也和我們期待的有所出入,選它只因為其他選項錯的太明顯了。同理,在完成總結(jié)題的時候,一味的追求正確答案并比對細節(jié)信息的話,必然回到原文大篇幅閱讀,效率低下并錯誤率高。所以,我們的思維模式一定要調(diào)整過來。

下面,藺老師介紹終極大招

“挖坑——填坑”兩部曲

挖坑指的是,我們迅速閱讀原文每段首尾句,總結(jié)段落大意并將文章除首(兩)段代表文章引入部分的正文部分劃分為3-4個極為簡略的大概意思,這就是挖坑。

TPO3-2 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer

我們快速閱讀每段話首尾句(共10句),可將除1-2段(大體介紹該蓄水層)之外的段落分為1. Ogallala帶來的好處;2. Ogallala遇到的問題;3. 解決該問題的數(shù)個方案。

以上三個大體文章意思的分類,就是我們挖好的坑。

填坑指的是,符合以上主題的選擇,我們保留,不符合的排除。

A.The use of the Ogallala for irrigation has allowed the High Plains to become one of the most productive agricultural regions in the United States.

A.選項符合“Ogallala帶來的好處”坑要求,保留。

B.Given the aquifer’s low recharge rate, its use for irrigation is causing water tables to drop and will eventually lead to its depletion.

B.選項符合“Ogallala遇到的問題”坑要求,保留。

C.Releasing capillary water and introducing drought-resistant crops are less-promising solutions to the water supply crisis than bringing in river water.

C.選項不符合“解決該問題的數(shù)個方案”,而是方案之間的對比,排除。

D.The periodic deepening of wells and the use of more-powerful pumps would help increase the natural recharge rate of the Ogallala.

D.選項不符合“解決該問題的數(shù)個方案”,而是單獨的某一個解決方案,排除。

E.In Texas, a great deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because it is there that the most critical situation exists.

E.選項不符合“解決該問題的數(shù)個方案”,而是單獨的某一個解決方案,排除。

F.Several solutions to the upcoming water supply crisis have been proposed, but none of them promises to keep the costs of irrigation low.

F.選項符合“解決該問題的數(shù)個方案”,而是方案之間的對比,保留。

以上,我們沒有進行任何的原文比對,只做了“選項是否能夠填坑”的大致比較,且部分選項并不用全部讀完,如F選項讀到Several solutions表達的時候就已經(jīng)符合填坑條件。

少數(shù)遇到只能排除2個選項的情況,可將剩下4個選項中來自同一坑的2個選項帶入原段落進行比對,同樣避免了滿篇找詞的尷尬,工作量大大減少。



托福閱讀3個答題壞習慣

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