GRE閱讀考試中容易被忽略的6大關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)
學(xué)霸攻略,GRE閱讀考試中容易被忽略的6大關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)!你躺槍了嗎?我們來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
學(xué)霸攻略 | GRE閱讀考試中容易被忽略的6大關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)!你躺槍了嗎?
很多同學(xué)留言GRE閱讀中容易成為丟分重災(zāi)區(qū)，哪些技巧又能夠幫助大家扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤?對于這些問題，考生也許自己已經(jīng)有了一些不成形的概念但還缺乏系統(tǒng)性的歸納整理。
下面米粒就來為大家做GRE閱讀得分扣分原因的對比，幫助大家了解閱讀提分的關(guān)鍵所在~
得分原因1：掌握文章常見結(jié)構(gòu)
對于考生來說，GRE閱讀最令人欣慰的一點(diǎn)，也許就是其文章結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)范性和公式化。幾乎所有的GRE閱讀文章都是同一個模子里出來的：第一段探討一個高深的話題，第二段質(zhì)疑一個關(guān)于此話題來自其他人的觀點(diǎn)或看法，最后一段作者再給出自己的意見和結(jié)論。而最讓考生頭疼的一點(diǎn)，則是話題本身的無趣性。無論如何，考生在閱讀中，需要做到主動去了解熟悉文章結(jié)構(gòu)，通過多閱讀掌握GRE文章的常見結(jié)構(gòu)套路，而不是被動的等著看文章然后見招拆招。
得分原因2：通讀全文在看題目
關(guān)于做閱讀，一直以來有這么一種說法，那就是先讀題目再看文章，看似能節(jié)省很多時(shí)間，其實(shí)卻是最愚蠢不過的做法。帶著一肚子問題看文章，先不談能記住多少問題，首先腦子里就已經(jīng)塞進(jìn)了一堆東西，這種狀態(tài)下的閱讀只會降低效率，最后文章沒看懂，題目全忘了，白費(fèi)一番功夫。正確的做法是先讀完全文。仔細(xì)看完整篇文章并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行解題，而不要囫圇吞棗的快速看過，其實(shí)什么都沒記住。
得分原因3：主動思考取代被動閱讀
上面說了不要先看題目，為什么這里又要說帶著問題看文章呢?這里的問題，其實(shí)是指的一些常見的容易出題點(diǎn)，再看文章的過程中，主動去尋找這些常見問題點(diǎn)，適當(dāng)做一些標(biāo)記幫助定位，將有助于快速解題。下面是這些需要在閱讀過程中尋找的問題點(diǎn)：
1. 文章討論的是什么?
2. 就討論的內(nèi)容，作者給出了幾個解釋或理論，分別是什么?作者對于這些解釋/理論的態(tài)度是什么?
3. 為什么作者覺得自己提出的理論最好?
4. 文章的主題是什么?
01過度重視細(xì)節(jié)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
很多GRE閱讀文章，都會包含大量的各種細(xì)節(jié)，有數(shù)據(jù)、有描述、有具體說明等。對于這些細(xì)節(jié)，在不影響閱讀的情況下，建議大家不要過度深入，看過即可。
很多細(xì)節(jié)其實(shí)都是無關(guān)緊要的干擾內(nèi)容，完全不會出現(xiàn)在之后的題目中，考生要做到的是把握整體。不少同學(xué)會因?yàn)榧m結(jié)于細(xì)節(jié)而反反復(fù)復(fù)的閱讀同一段內(nèi)容，浪費(fèi)大量時(shí)間，殊為不智。
02缺乏閱讀積累心態(tài)消極
GRE文章的內(nèi)容，對于考生來說，有時(shí)候的確會顯得頗為無趣，尤其是一些比較冷門的科技內(nèi)容，平時(shí)即使放在眼前估計(jì)也不會去看。帶著消極、不想看的態(tài)度去解題，當(dāng)然不會有太好的結(jié)果。所以，建議大家在閱讀時(shí)，盡量把文章內(nèi)容都想象成自己最想看，最感興趣的內(nèi)容，哪怕是自欺欺人，也盡可能的把這些文章當(dāng)成自己喜歡看的內(nèi)容，用積極的態(tài)度去看文章。
03先看了選項(xiàng)思路被干擾
看完文章，看題目，然后看選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該是很多人做題的方法。但GRE閱讀的出題者，在這里又為考生設(shè)置了陷阱。
一道題五個選項(xiàng)，除了正確選項(xiàng)外，其他選項(xiàng)往往都寫得似是而非，迷惑性極高，如果考生想要靠腦海中對文章的記憶來一一排除這些選項(xiàng)，往往會反受其擾，混淆了自己原本還算清晰的思路。最好的做法是看完題目后，先不急著看選項(xiàng)，而是根據(jù)自己之前對文章的理解，回到文章中找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，并總結(jié)出自己對于問題的答案，然后帶著這個答案，再到選項(xiàng)中去尋找比較匹配的結(jié)果。這么做，就能較好的避免被錯誤選項(xiàng)干擾。
GRE閱讀對大部分考生來說還是具有一定挑戰(zhàn)性的，因此考生無論是對提分技巧還是扣分原因，都需要做到心知肚明。通過上文的得分和扣分原因?qū)Ρ龋嘈糯蠹叶寄軌蛘业阶陨淼牟蛔阒幉⒃趥淇贾屑皶r(shí)補(bǔ)足，為GRE閱讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。
GRE閱讀課外英語雜志教材背景知識補(bǔ)充：樂高積木的成就
How the Danish firm became the world's hottest toy company
來自丹麥的樂高如何成為全球最暢銷玩具公司
IT IS getting harder to go anywhere without stepping on a piece of Lego-related hype.
無論走到哪兒，要想不碰到關(guān)于樂高的宣傳，真是越來越難了。
The Lego Movie is number two at the American box office, after three weeks at number one.
《樂高大電影》現(xiàn)在位居美國票房第二位，這之前它已連續(xù)三周成為美國票房冠軍。
Model kits related to the film are piled high in the shops.
和該電影有關(guān)的工具箱模型在商場大賣，
這篇閱讀材料還有MP3音頻哦!下載>>傳送門
They will add to the already gigantic heap of Lego bits:
讓這個世界又多了一大把樂高積木。
86 for every person on the planet.
據(jù)估計(jì)，平均每個地球人擁有86塊樂高積木。
The toymaker has enjoyed ten years of spectacular growth, almost quadrupling its revenue.
這家玩具制造商在過去十年中飛速發(fā)展，收入翻了兩番。
In 2012 it overtook Hasbro to become the world's second-largest toymaker.
2012年，樂高追趕上美國的孩之寶公司，成為世界第二大玩具公司。
The number one, Mattel, is now seeking to buy the Canadian maker of Mega Bloks toy bricks, to fend off the challenge from Lego.
排名第一的美泰為了應(yīng)對樂高的挑戰(zhàn)，正在尋求收購加拿大的美家寶積木。
This is remarkable for many reasons.
這實(shí)在是了不起的成就。
Lego's home town, Billund in rural Denmark, is so small that the company had to provide it with a hotel—an elegant one, unsurprisingly.
理由有很多。樂高的家鄉(xiāng)比倫德是丹麥的一個小鄉(xiāng)村，因?yàn)閷?shí)在太小，樂高還得專門為它蓋一座賓館—當(dāng)然是非常高大上的那種。
The toy business is one of the world's trickiest:
玩具是世界上最難搞的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。
perennially faddish and, at the moment, convulsed by technological innovation.
潮流永遠(yuǎn)是來得快去得也快同時(shí)又飽受新技術(shù)的沖擊。
Children are growing up ever faster, and abandoning the physical world for the virtual.
現(xiàn)在的孩子成長得越來越快，并且越來越多的拋棄現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，投向虛擬世界的懷抱。
To cap it all, the company almost collapsed in 2003-04, having drifted for years,
最要命的是，樂高在03年到04年已經(jīng)走到破產(chǎn)的邊緣。
diversifying into too many areas, producing too many products.
那時(shí)的樂高已迷茫多年，涉足領(lǐng)域過多，產(chǎn)品線過長。
and, in a fit of desperation, flirting with becoming a lifestyle company, with Lego-branded clothes and watches.
絕望中，它甚至起了念頭想要變成一家生活方式公司，開始生產(chǎn)樂高牌的服裝和手表。
Lego's decade of success began when it appointed Jorgen Vig Knudstorp as chief executive.
樂高十年的輝煌開始于任命Jorgen Vig Knudstorp為首席執(zhí)行官。
This was a risky move:
這是一招險(xiǎn)棋。
Mr Knudstorp was a mere 35 years old and had cut his teeth as a management consultant with McKinsey rather than running a business.
當(dāng)時(shí)的Knudstorp只有35歲，商場上的歷練也僅限于在麥肯錫做管理咨詢，并未管理過一家公司。
But it proved to be inspired.
然而事實(shí)證明這招棋走對了。
Mr Knudstorp decreed that the company must go back to the brick: focusing on its core products, forgetting about brand-stretching, and even selling its theme parks.
Knudstorp命令公司回到積木生意，專注于核心產(chǎn)品，忘掉品牌拓展，甚至賣掉主題公園。
He also brought in stricter management controls, for example reducing the number of different pieces that the company produced from 12,900 to 7,000.
他還采用了更嚴(yán)格的管理制度，比如將組件從12900個減少到7000個。
Under Mr Knudstorp Lego has struck a successful balance between innovation and tradition.
在Knudstorp治下，樂高在創(chuàng)新與傳統(tǒng)中找到了平衡。
The company has to generate new ideas to keep its sales growing:
為保證銷售量持續(xù)增長，它必須不斷推出新的創(chuàng)意，
customers need a reason to expand their stock of bricks, and to buy them from Lego rather than cheaper rivals.
才能給顧客足夠理由買更多的積木，而且是從樂高而不是從更便宜的對手那兒買。
But at the same time it must resist the sort of undisciplined innovation that almost ruined it.
但同時(shí)它又必須避免沒有章法的創(chuàng)新，當(dāng)年它就是栽在這一點(diǎn)上。
Lego produces a stream of kits with ready-made designs, such as forts and spaceships, to provide children with templates.
樂高生產(chǎn)有各式各樣的工具箱，里面裝有現(xiàn)成的設(shè)計(jì)，比如城堡或者太空飛船，孩子們可以把它們當(dāng)做模板。
But it also insists that the pieces can be added to the child's collection of bricks, and reused to make all sorts of other things.
不過它堅(jiān)稱，這些積木也可以和已有的積木混在一起，拼出其他的東西。
Lego has got better at managing its relationships.
樂高也學(xué)會了如何更好地處理與其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的關(guān)系。
The Lego Movie demonstrates how it can focus on the brick while venturing into the virtual world:
《樂高大電影》展現(xiàn)了它如何一方面專注做積木，一方面打入虛擬世界。
Warner Bros.made the film while Lego provided the models.
華納兄弟拍電影，樂高提供模型。
更多雙語文章》》 點(diǎn)擊這里
During its years of drift it relied too much on other firms' blockbuster franchises,
在迷茫的那些年里，樂高過度依賴其他公司的系列大片，
such as Harry Potter and Star Wars.
如哈利波特或星球大戰(zhàn)。
This time its intellectual property, not someone else's, is the star of the film.
這次電影的主角換成了它自己的創(chuàng)意。
It has also got better at tapping its legion of fans—particularly adult fans of Lego, or AFOLs—for new ideas.
同時(shí)它還懂得了如何更好地利用強(qiáng)大的樂高粉絲團(tuán)，尤其是成年粉絲，來獲取創(chuàng)意。
Can the company continue its winning streak?
樂高能夠保持其輝煌的戰(zhàn)績嗎?
Its growth is slowing: its net profits grew by 9% in 2013 compared with 35% in 2012, and its revenues rose by 10% compared with 23% in 2012.
它的增長正在放緩：2012年樂高凈利潤增長35%，2013年下降到了9%。2012年總收入增長23%，2013年只有10%。
Mr Knudstorp suggests that harder times are ahead: When the company is getting bigger and the market isn't growing,
Knudstorp也暗示未來的路不好走：當(dāng)公司不斷擴(kuò)張而市場卻保持不變時(shí)，增長率肯定得回到一個可持續(xù)的水平，
it's a pure mathematical consequence that growth rates will have to reach a more sustainable level.
這純粹就是個數(shù)學(xué)問題。
Lego is now at an inflection point, building its organisational capacity and embracing globalisation, to help it find new sources of growth.
如今的樂高正處在轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。通過提高管理水平，主動適應(yīng)全球化，它在努力尋找新的增長點(diǎn)。
Last year the company invested DKr2.6 billion in production facilities and added more than 1,300 full-time workers, a 13% increase.
去年樂高在生產(chǎn)設(shè)備上共投資26億丹麥馬克，增加全職員工1300多名，增長達(dá)13%。
It is expanding two existing factories—in Kladno in the Czech Republic and Monterrey in Mexico—and building two new ones—in Nyiregyhaza in Hungary and,
如今它正在擴(kuò)建捷克共和國克拉德諾和墨西哥蒙特雷的兩家工廠，位于匈牙利尼爾吉哈薩
most important of all, in Jiaxing in China.
和最為重要的中國嘉興的兩家新工廠也在施工當(dāng)中。
Its management is being globalised too, with regional offices being opened in Singapore and Shanghai.
管理層也日漸國際化，地區(qū)辦公室已經(jīng)開到了新加坡和上海，
The aim is twofold: to replicate in the rapidly growing east Lego's success in the west;
目的是在快速增長的東方復(fù)制樂高在西方的成功，
and to transform a local company that happened to go global into a global company that happens to have its head office in Billund.
并且將一個不小心走向全球的地方性公司轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€偶然把總部設(shè)在比倫德的跨國公司。
Late to the party
派對去晚了
Globalisation, as we point out at length in our business section this week, is fraught with difficulties.
全球化的路非常難走，本刊在這周的商業(yè)板塊花了大篇幅闡明這個道理。
Lego is relatively late in making its China play—jumping in when some other western firms are jumping out with nothing but regrets to show for it.
樂高進(jìn)入中國的時(shí)間相對較晚—正當(dāng)一些西方公司一無所獲充滿悔恨的離開中國之時(shí)，它進(jìn)來了。
Lego also owes its identity to its roots in small-town Denmark:
樂高的根仍在那個丹麥小鎮(zhèn)：
Ole Kirk Kristiansen, its founder, made up the name from the first two letters of two Danish words, leg godt, or play well,
創(chuàng)始人奧勒取了兩個丹麥單詞leg godt前兩個字母，拼在一起有了Lego，
and committed his company to nurture the child in each of us.
他給公司定的宗旨是養(yǎng)育每個人心中的那個孩子。
An earlier attempt to move some of the responsibilities for designing products to an office in Milan proved to be a disaster.
樂高曾將一些設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)交給米蘭的一間辦公室來做，結(jié)果出了大問題。
But the logic of globalisation is nevertheless compelling.
然而全球化的誘惑仍讓人無法抗拒。
The Chinese middle class is exploding, the toy business in the west is stagnant,
中國的中產(chǎn)階級正呈爆炸性增長，而西方的玩具市場又停滯不前;
and Lego needs a global workforce if it is to serve a global market.
如果要打入全球市場，樂高也必須擁有一批全球性員工。
Lego also has one important force on its side in its battle to globalise:
在全球化的戰(zhàn)役中，樂高還具備一支有生力量：
parents in emerging markets, just like those in the rich world, are convinced that the company's products are good for their children.
和發(fā)達(dá)國家一樣，新興國家的父母們相信樂高產(chǎn)品對他們的孩子有好處。
Grown-ups everywhere welcome it as a respite from the endless diet of videos and digital games that their offspring would otherwise consume.
世界各地的成年人都喜歡可高，因?yàn)樗軐⒑⒆觽儚臒o休止的電玩和數(shù)碼游戲中解放出來。
Chinese adults, including those very grown-up ones in government ministries,
中國的成年人，包括政府部門的官員，
hope it will provide the secret ingredient that their education system sorely lacks:creativity.
希望樂高能夠提供中國教育體系中匱乏的東西、也是國家發(fā)展的秘方：創(chuàng)造力。
The Lego Movie may be providing the company with a welcome boost during the toy industry's post-Christmas doldrums.
圣誕節(jié)過后是玩具業(yè)的淡季，《樂高大電影》也許在短期內(nèi)能給這家公司注入一劑強(qiáng)心針。
But Lego's long-term success rests on the way adults feel reassured at buying a toy whose roots lie in an age before video games, mobile apps and toy-themed films.
然而從長期看，樂高若要成功，就必須讓成年人能夠放心地購買一個來自另一年代的玩具，那個沒有電玩、移動應(yīng)用或玩具主題電影的年代。
GRE閱讀素材長知識 斑馬竟然是這么來的
Are zebra stripes just an elaborateinsect repellent?
斑馬身上的斑紋只是精致的驅(qū)蟲器嗎?
Imagine what it looks like to a fly
想象一下這在蠅的眼里是幅什么樣的畫面
HOW the zebra got his stripes sounds like the title of one of RudyardKipling's Just So stories.
斑馬為什么會長條紋捏這聽上去有點(diǎn)像Rudyard Kipling的書《原來如此》里面文章的標(biāo)題。
Sadly, it isn't, so the question has, instead,been left to zoologists.
可惜啊，這不是其中的標(biāo)題，所以這個問題的答案就成了動物學(xué)家的任務(wù)。
這篇閱讀材料還有MP3音頻哦!下載>>傳送門
But they, too, have let their imaginations rip. Somehave suggested camouflage.
然而，這些動物學(xué)家們也是天馬行空。一些人認(rèn)為是保護(hù)色。
Others suggest they are a way to display anindividual's fitness.
其他人則認(rèn)為條紋是一種個體屬性的彰顯方式。
Irregular stripes would let potential mates know thatsomeone was not up to snuff.
不規(guī)則的條紋給潛在伴侶傳遞出不達(dá)標(biāo)的信息。
One researcher proposed that stripes are to zebrawhat faces are to people,
有位研究人員認(rèn)為斑馬的條紋就像人的臉一樣，
allowing them to recognise each other, since everyanimal has a unique stripe-print.
由于每個斑馬的條紋都獨(dú)一無二，可以讓同類彼此辨認(rèn)。
Another even speculated that predators mightget dizzy watching a herd of stripes gallop by.
還有些人甚至認(rèn)為捕食者看到一群條紋在面前飛奔會暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。
There is,however, one other idea: that stripes are a sophisticated form of flyrepellent.
但是還有這樣一種想法：條紋是一種精致的防蠅器。
It was originally dreamed up in the 1980s, but never proved.
這種想法產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)80年代，但是從未被證明。
Now, ateam of investigators led by Gabor Horvath of Eotvos University in Budapestreport in the Journal of experimental Biology thatthey think they have done so.
現(xiàn)在，由坐落于Budapest的Eotvos大學(xué)的Gabor Horvath帶領(lǐng)著一組研究人員在《實(shí)驗(yàn)生物學(xué)報(bào)》上發(fā)表了一篇論文認(rèn)為他們證明了這一想法。
The original suggestion was that stripes repel tsetse flies.
原本的猜想是說條紋是為了避免舌蠅。
These insectscarry sleeping sickness, which is as much a bane of ungulates as it is of people.
這些小昆蟲帶有昏睡病，對人類和有蹄類動物同樣致害。
But tsetses are not the only dipteran foes of zebra and,
但是舌蠅并非是斑馬唯一的長著翅膀的敵人，
since they arerarely found in the meadows of Hungary,
因?yàn)樯嘞壴谛傺览牟菰喜⒉怀Ｒ姟?/p>
Dr Horvath plumped for studying analmost equally obnoxious alternative: the horsefly.
Horvath轉(zhuǎn)而研究一種同樣惱人的替代品：馬蠅。
Horseflies, too, transmit disease.
馬蠅也同樣傳播疾病。
They also bite incessantly, thuskeeping grazing beasts from their dinner.
它們屬于寄生式叮咬，因此使得這些動物進(jìn)食減少。
Indeed, previous research has shownthat fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat and milkproduction.
的確有研究表明被馬蠅襲擊的馬和牛出現(xiàn)了身體脂肪和產(chǎn)奶量下降的現(xiàn)象。
Such research has also shown something odd:
這些研究還出現(xiàn)了一些奇怪的現(xiàn)象：
horseflies attack blackhorses in preference to white ones.
相對于白馬，馬蠅更喜歡叮咬黑馬。
That fact got Dr Horvath wondering how theywould react to a striped horse—in other words, a zebra.
這一事實(shí)使得Horvath博士十分好奇馬蠅會對一個條紋馬，也就是斑馬作何反應(yīng)。
Actual zebra are hard to experiment on.
很難對真實(shí)的斑馬做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
They insist on moving around andswishing their tails.
它們一直在動來動去并且甩著尾巴。
The team therefore conducted their study using inanimateobjects.
因此這組研究人員用非生命體來進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
Some were painted uniformly dark or uniformly light,
一些實(shí)驗(yàn)對象被涂成純白色或者純黑色，
and some hadstripes of various widths.
還有一些則被涂成寬度各異的條紋圖案。
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Some were plastic trays filled with salad oil.
其中有些是充滿色拉油的塑料架子。
Some were glue-covered boards. And some wereactual models of zebra.
一些是膠合紙板做的。還有一些是真實(shí)的斑馬。
They put these objects in a field infested withhorseflies and counted the number of insects they trapped.
他們把這些實(shí)驗(yàn)對象放到一個充滿馬蠅的場地，然后計(jì)算被吸引的馬蠅數(shù)目。
Their first discovery was that stripes attracted fewer flies than solid,uniform colours.
他們第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)是條紋的比純色的吸引的馬蠅少。
As intriguingly, though, they also found that the leastattractive pattern of stripes was precisely those of the sort of width found onzebra hides.
然而，耐人尋味的是他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)吸引力最小的條紋花式正是斑馬身上的條紋樣式。
Zebra stripes do, therefore, seem to repel horseflies.
因此，斑馬的條紋看起來真的能夠防馬蠅。
Exactly why is unclear.
至于為什么會這樣還是個謎團(tuán)。
But Dr Horvath thinks it might be related to a horsefly'sability to see polarised light,
但是Horvath博士認(rèn)為這可能與馬蠅識別偏振光的能力有關(guān)，
which imposes a sense of horizontal andvertical on an image.
偏振光是從水平和垂直方向打在畫面上的。
Horseflies are known to prefer horizontal polarisedlight.
眾所周知馬蠅偏向于水平偏振光。
Possibly, the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the fly's tinybrain and thus stop it seeing the animal.
所以極有可能是斑馬身上垂直的條紋迷惑了馬蠅的小腦袋，因此阻礙了馬蠅發(fā)現(xiàn)斑馬。
Another obvious question, though, is why other species have not evolvedthis elegant form of fly repellent,
然而，還有一個顯而易見的問題就是為什么其他的物種沒有進(jìn)化出來這種精致的防蠅方式，
and what the consequences would have beenif they had.
以及如果其他物種也進(jìn)化成這樣的后果。
If humans, for example, were black-and-white striped,
例如，如果人類是黑白條紋的，
then thehistory of intercommunal violence the species has suffered when different raceshave met might not have been quite as bad.
那么當(dāng)不同種族相遇而遭受的兩族間的暴力歷史或許也沒那么壞。
One for Kipling to have pondered,perhaps?
這也許是Kipling需要思考的一個問題?
