如何提高GRE閱讀分數(shù)
如何提高GRE閱讀分數(shù),我們來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
如何提高GRE閱讀分數(shù)
新GRE閱讀文章分類
1. 按題材分：文學評論, 美國歷史, 弱勢群體, 生命科學
2. 按寫作方法分：presentation[立論], argument[評論]
3. 按寫作套路分：新舊觀點型、現(xiàn)象解釋型、結論解釋型、問題解決型
訓練閱讀速度
先別做題了，先拿來一篇文章，做完，然后回過頭去看那篇文章，劃出認為一定得讀的詞，把不用看的化掉，比如however,but是必讀的，for example之后不用細看。根據(jù)題目判斷哪些詞是必讀，這樣做個5,6篇文章就有把握了，哪些是關鍵詞。不要盲目的參考其他書說的什么，not only之后不用看，but also要看之類的，一定要自己總結，這樣才能盡快習慣。
之后就繼續(xù)大量訓練，不停卡時間，強迫讀關鍵詞，讀完做題，這樣很快就能快速讀完了。同時也要看楊鵬長難句，仔細體會怎么快速破解一句難句。做閱讀時，盡量做到不回視，除了ts之類的，都一遍讀下來，訓練的時候一定要這樣，養(yǎng)成這個習慣，強迫自己集中注意力?？荚嚨臅r候，可以反復琢磨下關鍵句子。
意群閱讀訓練法
從閱讀的意義上來講，意群就是指大家平時閱讀一篇文章時，視線每停留一次，進入視界范圍的單詞會有多個。這些單詞不帶有任意性，單詞與單詞之間的邏輯意義緊密相連，所以可以暫且將這種意義緊密相連的多個單詞視為一個意群。
要想將這種方法運用到實際的閱讀當中，那就有必要知道，語篇的構成單位為段落，段落的構成單位則是句子，而句子的最終構成單位為語言意義的基本載體單元詞匯。而意群訓練，是指按照對詞匯之間意義的緊密性及對英語句子的結構進行拆分的閱讀方法，這樣不僅利于閱讀速度的提升還可以提高一個人對語篇環(huán)境的適應能力。
排除法做題
排除法可以說是應對所有選擇題的萬能技巧之一，雖然在GRE閱讀中排除法也許無法幫你精準地找到最后的正確答案，但在解題初期通過排除法縮小選項范圍，把本來五選一的題目變成二選一或者三選一還是很有價值的。所以排除法大家也需要掌握，結合解題思路更有效地提升解題效率，節(jié)省考試時間。
GRE閱讀材料要精挑細選 科學發(fā)電要更倚重自然
說到GRE閱讀，無非就是多看。但是看什么很關鍵。短期捷徑有沒有?當然有，那就是GRE閱讀機經，本月最新的閱讀機經已經發(fā)布，http://gre.zhan.com/yuedu45235.html.包含邏輯閱讀、短閱讀、長閱讀，一共5篇。每篇均有資深GRE教師分享給大家的參考答案和解題思路。
如果從長遠來看，那就是要多看文章，多讀書，了解的多接觸的多，自然不怕，也能夠更加熟悉英文表達。但是時間有限，選擇看什么就很重要。小編通過咨詢相關資深GRE培訓教師，為大家精選了很多外媒主流雜志，每天會發(fā)布一篇文章，包含中文翻譯，供大家學習!
design, nature has often got there first
若論巧奪天工，自然常常更勝一籌
A virtuous spiral
上面的螺紋看似簡單，實際有效
SOLAR-POWER stations take up a lot of room.
太陽能發(fā)電站占地面積巨大，
They need either vast arrays of photovoltaic panels, which convert sunlight directly into electricity, or of mirrors,
站內大部分的空間被光伏太陽能板或和定向反射鏡所占據(jù)。前者能將光能直接轉換為電能;后者會將太陽熱折射到鍋爐，
which direct it towards a boiler, in order to raise steam and drive a generator.
利用鍋爐將水加熱成蒸汽，驅動發(fā)電機組工作，達到熱能轉化為電能的目的。
這篇閱讀材料還有MP3音頻哦!下載>>傳送門
The space these arrays occupy could often be used for other purposes.
這些整齊排列的面板和鏡身所占的區(qū)域通常能用于其它用途。
Two researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have now devised a better and more compact way of laying out arrays of mirrors.
麻省理工學院的兩位研究員就找出了更好的方法布置定向反射鏡排列，不僅能節(jié)約出更多的空間，還能提高發(fā)電效率。
Slightly to their chagrin, however, and somehow appropriately,
然而，有點兒讓他們懊惱的是，
they found when they had done the calculations that sunflowers had got there first.
他們計算出的和向日葵花盤型花序上所排列的，大致相同。
Alexander Mitsos and Corey Noone started with the observation that existing concentrated solar-power plants,
Alexander Mitsos和Corey Noone這兩位研究員先從觀察運行中的集中型太陽能發(fā)電廠入手。
as those which drive boilers are known, usually have their mirrors arranged in a way that resembles the seating in a cinema.
如大家所知，這些發(fā)電廠用太陽能驅動鍋爐做功產生熱量。通常定向反射鏡的安排布置與電影院座椅位置如出一轍。
The mirrors are placed in concentric semicircles facing a tower, on top of which the boiler and the turbine sit.
高塔處于熒屏所在的中心位置，所有的定向反射鏡則以高塔為圓心，呈半圓形分布。
That arrangement, however, sometimes results in the mirrors shading each other as the sun's position in the sky changes,
隨著一天中太陽在天空中位置的變換，鏡身間會出現(xiàn)相互遮擋的問題。
even though the mirrors are usually attached to robotic arms that track the sun as it moves.
即使廠家通常會在鏡身后部安裝能隨太陽位置變換而相應變換的機械手臂，但這一問題還是無法解決。
According to their report in Solar Energy, Dr Mitsos and Mr Noone found that they could do better.
據(jù)他們在《太陽能》雜志上發(fā)表的文章稱，兩位研究員認為能有方法解決這一難題。
They divided each of the mirrors in a real power plant, PS10, in southern Spain into about 100 pieces.
在一家位于西班牙南部的發(fā)電站，PS10中，他們把每一片定向反射鏡的平面面積分為差不多100塊。
They then plugged each of those pieces into a computer model that calculated all of the energy losses
然后將每一片鏡身上的這100多塊面積里產生的吸熱數(shù)據(jù)接入電腦，通過電腦程序計算出能量損失總和。
by noting points where mirrors were not optimally oriented to the sun and places where they hindered one another by blocking incoming or reflected rays.
這包括鏡身沒能直對太陽造成的損失，以及鏡身位置因相互遮擋使折射光線受阻或反射到鍋爐的光線受阻時造成的損失。
It then rejigged them into a better arrangement.
然后再根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)重新對鏡身進行排列組合。
Fermat's conjecture
費馬螺線魔力
previous efforts have been directed mainly at stopping the mirrors shading each other, which tends to mean spreading them out.
在此之前，人們做出了種.種努力，但總是在鏡身相互遮擋這一問題上束手無策。而對此常會采用的是展開布局，增加排列面積來避免這種情況出現(xiàn)。
Dr Mitsos and Mr Noone also wanted to save space.
而兩位研究員還想節(jié)省面積。
In trying to do so they stumbled on an unusual arrangement that had the desired effect.
為此絞盡腦汁之際，他們無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)有一種非常規(guī)的排列布局有很好的效果。
When they showed this layout to a third researcher, Manuel Torrilhon of Aachen University in Germany,
他們將這種布局安排展示給另一位研究者，德國亞琛工業(yè)大學的Manuel Torrilhon。
he recognised the spiral patterns within it, and this prompted the trio to test a design specifically modelled on nature.
后者認為這種設計中有螺線存在，這促使三位研究者以向日葵花盤型花序為藍本仔細測試設計。
That design was a pattern known as a Fermat spiral, in which each element is set at a constant angle of 137° to the previous one.
他們采用的設計即費馬螺線。即每一個圓在之前一個圓旋轉角度為137度時，折線回旋螺線。
It is most familiar as the arrangement of the florets that make up a sunflower head.
這一排列布置與向日葵花的盤型花序紋路如出一轍。
更多雙語文章》》 點擊這里
When the three researchers programmed their model to arrange PS10's mirrors in front of the tower in a segment from such a spiral,
三位研究者按照計劃安排PS10發(fā)電廠的鏡身位置，在高塔前，將定向反射鏡呈部分費馬螺線狀布局。
they both improved the efficiency of the collection process and saved space.
結果顯示在吸收太陽熱量的過程中，效率得以提高，占地面積減少。
The improvement in efficiency was, admittedly, quite small,
誠然，效率提高非常有限，
but the space saving was significant—almost 16%.
而空間節(jié)省面積卻很高，減少近16%。
If solar power is to make up much of the world's electricity output in future, as supporters of alternative energy hope it will,
如果太陽能如可替代能源支持者所希望的一那樣，在未來成為世界電力的重要來源，
a lot of land will be needed for the power stations.
那么太陽能發(fā)電站勢必將需要占據(jù)更大的面積。
Reducing that requirement by a sixth, as this discovery promises, would be a big gain.
如果能像此次研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，有希望將定向反射鏡所占地面積減少六分之一，那么這將是一個巨大的進步。
It would also show that if you look hard enough, there really is nothing new under the sun.
同樣讓我們認識到的是，地球上還有許多未知等待我們認真研究。
【熱門GRE人文知識拓展閱讀】鍛煉出點汗，值了
Just why exercise is so good for people is, at last, being understood
為什么鍛煉有利于身體健康呢，人們終于知道答案了
ONE sure giveaway of quack medicine is the claim that a product can treat any ailment.
有一種絕對能推銷出去狗皮膏藥的方法就是說它包治百病。
There are, sadly, no panaceas.
遺憾的是靈丹妙藥并不存在。
But some things come close, and exercise is one of them.
但有些方法卻起到類似的作用，鍛煉就是其中之一。
As doctors never tire of reminding people, exercise protects against a host of illnesses,
醫(yī)生們一直不厭其煩地提醒人們鍛煉身體有助于防范一系列疾病，
from heart attacks and dementia to diabetes and infection.
包括心臟病、癡呆癥、糖尿病以及感染。
How it does so, however, remains surprisingly mysterious.
但是人們一直不知道為什么。
這篇閱讀材料還有MP3音頻哦!下載>>傳送門
But a paper just published in Nature by Beth Levine of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre and her colleagues sheds some light on the matter.
德克薩斯大學西南醫(yī)學中心貝絲萊文及其同事最近在《自然》雜志發(fā)表的論文給出了一些解釋。
Dr Levine and her team were testing a theory that exercise works its magic, at least in part, by promoting autophagy.
萊文博士及其小組證明一個理論的正確性，即鍛煉之所以有神奇的作用，
This process, whose name is derived from the Greek for self-eating,
部分原因是它能促進自體吞噬。
is a mechanism by which surplus, worn-out or malformed proteins and other cellular components are broken up for scrap and recycled.
這個名稱來自希臘詞語自食其肉，指的是多余的、不能再用的、畸形的蛋白質和其他細胞成分被分解成碎片并再循環(huán)。
To carry out the test, Dr Levine turned to those stalwarts of medical research, genetically modified mice.
萊文博士在這個實驗中使用轉基因老鼠作為實驗對象，醫(yī)學研究中經常使用轉基因老鼠。
Her first batch of rodents were tweaked so that their autophagosomes,
第一組老鼠被調整使得其細胞中的自噬體發(fā)出綠光，
structures that form around components which have been marked for recycling—glowed green.
這種結構形成的部分被用于再循環(huán)。
After these mice had spent half an hour on a treadmill,
這些老師被放在跑步機上半個小時后，
she found that the number of autophagosomes in their muscles had increased,
萊文博士發(fā)現(xiàn)它們肌肉中的自噬體增加了，
and it went on increasing until they had been running for 80 minutes.
直到跑了80分鐘才停止增加。
To find out what, if anything, this exercise-boosted autophagy was doing for mice,
為了找出這種由鍛煉刺激的自噬作用對老鼠有什么作用，
the team engineered a second strain that was unable to respond this way.
研究小組設計了另一組不能如此反應的老鼠。
Exercise, in other words, failed to stimulate their recycling mechanism.
換句話說，鍛煉并沒刺激再循環(huán)機制。
When this second group of modified mice were tested alongside ordinary ones,
當?shù)诙M的轉基因老鼠和普通老鼠一起接受實驗時，
they showed less endurance and had less ability to take up sugar from their bloodstreams.
它們的耐力遜于后者，也不能很好地從血液中吸收糖分。
There were longer-term effects, too.
還有長期影響。
In mice, as in people, regular exercise helps prevent diabetes.
老鼠和人一樣，定期鍛煉有助于預防糖尿病。
But when the team fed their second group of modified mice a diet designed to induce diabetes,
但是在研究小組給第二組轉基因老鼠喂了一種專門用來誘發(fā)糖尿病的食物后，
they found that exercise gave no protection at all.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)鍛煉并沒有任何預防效果。
Dr Levine and her team reckon their results suggest that manipulating autophagy may offer a new approach to treating diabetes.
萊文博士及其小組認為實驗結果表明受到操縱的自噬作用有可能提供一種新的治療糖尿病的方法。
And their research is also suggestive in other ways.
他們的研究在其他方面也有啟示。
Autophagy is a hot topic in medicine,
自噬作用在醫(yī)學界是個熱門話題，
as biologists have come to realise that it helps protect the body from all kinds of ailments.
因為生物學家逐漸意識到它能抵御各種小病。
The virtues of recycling
再循環(huán)的功效
Autophagy is an ancient mechanism, shared by all eukaryotic organisms.
自體吞噬機制很古老，所有真核生物都有。
更多雙語文章》》 點擊這里
It probably arose as an adaptation to scarcity of nutrients.
它的產生可能是為了適應營養(yǎng)物質的缺乏的環(huán)境。
Critters that can recycle parts of themselves for fuel are better able to cope with lean times than those that cannot.
有些家畜能循環(huán)利用它們身體的一部分作為養(yǎng)料，這樣的動物比其他的動物在食物匱乏期更容易生存。
But over the past couple of decades,
但是在過去幾十年里，
autophagy has also been shown to be involved in things as diverse，
自體吞噬在其他很多地方也有所體現(xiàn)，
as fighting bacterial infections and slowing the onset of neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases.
比如對抗細菌感染、放緩老年癡呆癥和亨丁頓舞蹈癥等神經癥狀的發(fā)病。
Most intriguingly of all, it seems that it can slow the process of ageing.
最有趣的是，看起來它還延緩了老化過程。
Biologists have known for decades that feeding animals near-starvation diets can boost their lifespans dramatically.
生物學家?guī)资陙矶贾涝趧游锉３纸咏囸I的狀態(tài)下喂食能大幅度提高它們的壽命。
Dr Levine was a member of the team which showed that an increased level of autophagy, brought on by the stress of living in a constant state of near-starvation,
萊文博士曾經工作的一個小組證明在長期接近饑餓的狀態(tài)下生存的壓力引起了自體吞噬水平的提高，
was the mechanism responsible for this life extension.
這種原理使得壽命延長。
The theory is that what are being disposed of in particular are worn-out mitochondria.
被處理掉的其實是衰弱的線粒體。
These structures are a cell's power-packs.
這種結構給細胞提供能量。
They are where glucose and oxygen react together to release energy.
在線粒體里，葡萄糖和氧氣共同作用釋放能量。
Such reactions, though, often create damaging oxygen-rich molecules called free radicals,
不過這種反應卻常常制造出有害的富氧分子，即自由基，
which are thought to be one of the driving forces of ageing.
它是促成老化的原因之一。
Getting rid of wonky mitochondria would reduce free-radical production and might thus slow down ageing.
除掉沒用的線粒體可以減少自由基的生成，這樣就可能減緩老化過程。
A few anti-ageing zealots already subsist on near-starvation diets,
一些反老化的狂熱分子已經開始靠保持饑餓狀態(tài)的飲食為生了，
but Dr Levine's results suggest a similar effect might be gained in a much more agreeable way, via vigorous exercise.
但是萊文博士的實驗結果表示通過積極鍛煉身體這樣一種更隨和的方式也能得到類似的效果。
The team's next step is to test whether boosted autophagy can indeed explain the life-extending effects of exercise.
該小組下一步將測試被激發(fā)的自體吞噬是否真的能解釋鍛煉有助于長壽。
That will take a while.
這尚需時間方能出結果。
Even in animals as short-lived as mice, she points out, studying ageing is a long-winded process.
她指出即使研究像老鼠這樣壽命很短的動物也是長期曲折的過程。
But she is sufficiently confident about the outcome that she has, in the meantime, bought herself a treadmill.
但是她對結果非常自信，于此同時還給自己也買了一個跑步機
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