GRE閱讀高頻題型應對技巧
GRE閱讀中的長篇閱讀會消耗掉考生不少時間，特別是閱讀中包含的主旨題和態(tài)度題往往要讀過才能準確解答。如何才能有效率地解決這兩類題型呢?下面小編就和大家分享GRE閱讀高頻題型應對技巧講解，歡迎閱讀!
GRE閱讀高頻題型應對技巧講解
GRE閱讀如何準確定位主題句?
和國內學生寫文章不一樣，美國人的閱讀文章中從來都不出現(xiàn)“I think that，in my opinion，as far as I am considered”此類語言做主題句。通常來說主題句有以下兩種形式：
1. 判斷句(含情態(tài)動詞，系動詞，正負褒貶詞的句子);
2. 概括文章將來結構。
GRE閱讀主題句尋找技巧分享
以這句話為例：Your minds changed my attitude. 這句話中并沒有情態(tài)動詞和系動詞，因此這句話自然不是判斷句，也就不是主題句。但只要在這句話中加入一個正負褒貶詞，即一個詞表明作者的態(tài)度或觀點的詞即是判斷句了。比如，Your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判斷句了。
另外，如果一個句子不是判斷句，只要它能夠概括文章將來結構，及文章后面會從哪幾個方面來說明，也是主題句。比如，People are living longer now. 這句話一定不是主題句，而如果這句話是，People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technology.這句話即是主題句了。因為它概括了文章后面會從哪幾個方向來進行說明。
應對主旨題細節(jié)題需學會找準主題句
如果考生在新GRE閱讀題中掌握好了主題句判斷方法，很多文章便可以很快把握文章的結構框架，幫助后面文章的理解。
比如一篇文章的開頭是，Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive， but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First， the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second， the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.
第一句是明顯的判斷句，即為主題句。而主題句也同時概括了文章的將來結構，即會從“M真菌影響力很強”和“M真菌過去由于兩個原因沒有得到廣泛研究”。下面馬上看到了first和second，我們即知道這兩個很難讀懂的句子無非是兩個原因使得M真菌沒有得到廣泛研究而已，具體是哪兩個原因，我們幾乎可以忽略不讀。
綜上所述，在做GRE閱讀時，快速準確發(fā)現(xiàn)主題句的方法和技巧是非常實用的，對于提升閱讀文章速度和解決許多耗時題型都有很大幫助，因此小編希望大家都能學會掌握和運用這種技巧，提高解答閱讀題的效率，減輕嚴格考試時間帶來的應試壓力。
GRE閱讀提高默讀速度有技巧
想讀得快，咱先得看看人是咋讀書的。這叫追根溯源，由道及術，圣人之道也。人的讀書過程是一個左右腦配合的過程——左腦負責集中注意把焦點放到一個或數(shù)個單詞上，右腦負責周邊注意(余光，當然叫旁光更親切一些，尤其是軍訓時教官讓我們集中注意向前看，并且用旁光與邊上的同學對齊時)。好的閱讀者會在讀書時讓左右腦充分協(xié)調配合(軍訓的教官真有先見之明讓我們大一就開始練英文閱讀了!)
讀書時在腦子中有兩種過程——默讀(subvocalisation)和思維之流(stream of thoughts)。默讀速度比較慢，在克服默讀的過程中你要達到臨在的狀態(tài)——即充分的意識和放松，認識到自己那虛偽的自我感(這點東西可以算是心靈哲學的內容吧，如果有興趣可以看看克里希那穆提的著作或俄克里特托利的《修煉當下的力量》，沒有什么復雜的東西，關鍵說白了就是四個字：放松意識)。
讀是一個學習(或者說認知)的過程，是符號信息與讀者內心感受的交互。它要求有適當?shù)倪壿嬇c積極的思考(要不然還怎么交互??)
大致分為以下幾個步驟：
1、Recognition:文字識別
2、Assimilation：物理輸入
3、Intra-integration：字面理解
4、Extra-integration：內涵理解(別想歪了!)
5、Retention：記憶
6、Recall：回憶
7、Communication：默讀與一詞一詞地讀(簡稱小學讀法)的最大缺點有二(這還叫最大嗎?算了，都挺大的)1、慢!2、容易走神(小時候媽媽老是罵我不好好看書，現(xiàn)在終于找到原因了!要是你看書跟看電視似的過癮誰不好好看書?嗯，看完本書你就可以像看電視一樣地看書了，別忘了以后有了孩子再教給它，家里能省不少電費)
克服默讀(往往伴隨著回讀過頻)之后，你的閱讀能力理論上可以提高五倍，大多數(shù)人可以做到每分鐘看1000個單詞。雖然小丁我至今沒感受到(我昨天花了倆鐘頭看完了原著，稍微把里邊的練習試了一下，只覺得提高了一倍)。
The Eye and its Movements先說眼，咱不是生物書，就不具體介紹眼球結構了。但是有一個概念是不得不提的，那就是中央窩(fovea)，它在視網(wǎng)膜上，負責視覺注意力的集中。也就是，你現(xiàn)在注意看啥，它在視網(wǎng)膜上的投影就在中央窩上?，F(xiàn)在說重點——眼的運動。
這不是一個平滑的過程，而是一停一停的。你的閱讀過程是一次一次注意的連接,而在兩次注意之間的轉移過程中你的大腦是不做任何識別工作的。意識到這個過程并對此加以訓練就足以大大提高你的閱讀速度了。當然，注意只是投影到中央窩的視覺，那么余光呢?眼睛能看到余光中的單詞，卻無法清楚地識別。
這部分視覺可以引導大腦把注意力移動到合適的位置。閱讀達人在讀書時只把注意力放在每行的中部，而用余光粗略瀏覽邊上的單詞看是否和自己猜的一樣(這一點小生現(xiàn)在實在沒法做到，說白了就是把閱讀變成了超級句子填空了嘛，不知道十年之后當GRE成為往事時是否能做到...)。
提高遇到速度方法如下：
1、找一個沒有思想深度，遣詞造句比較簡單的閱讀材料，比如休閑雜志、消遣小說之類的(注：平時用TS法，當遇到無法理解的句子時大腦會自動調節(jié)為SB法，注意感受這一過程有助于提高閱讀能力)
2、找一個沒有人的屋子——絕對不能再自習室進行這一步，否則你真會被別人當成SB——然后大聲數(shù)數(shù)，從一到十、再從一到十(書上說，斷續(xù)發(fā)eee...eee...eee...的音也可以，真是不為SB誓不罷休)，在這個過程中試著閱讀。大腦控制SB與控制喉嚨是同一個分區(qū)，當你數(shù)數(shù)時就占用了這個分區(qū)，使大腦無法SB。
3、當你可以熟練地做2時，可以在心中默數(shù)，這時就可以回自習室而不必擔心被看成SB了。
4、當可以做3時就努力提高閱讀速度，當超過每分鐘360個詞時，由于速度過快就會進入一個抑制SB的良性循環(huán)。
5、針對高手，還可以加入除了TS之外的自己的思想補充文本內容使自己在閱讀時身臨其境。
6、直到有一天，你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)可以明確區(qū)分SB與TS并自由選擇。最后你的瀏覽速度可以達到2000詞每分鐘。
ETS公布GRE閱讀選項原則
1. 正確選項：
(1)同義變換 。即將原文中的某一句話用另一種說法表達，也就是英文中的paraphrase。如將文章中的"many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”換成選項中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind"。
其中包括三種類型：變換同義詞，變換句型，變化同根詞的詞性。以下分別論述，請注意表格中的斜體字。
2.錯誤選項：
對于GRE閱讀文章中更大量的錯誤選項，ETS也形成了一套固定的規(guī)則。以下筆者就用實例來說明錯誤選項編制的規(guī)則：
(1)混偏反無。
1)混: 此類選項的錯誤可以形象地概括為：“張冠李戴”。 如下例：
文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"
GRE閱讀考試題目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to
(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm
(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本題問大公司如果沒有使投標轉化為訂單將引起什么結果。而這恰恰是小公司的特點。)
(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government
(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors
(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts
2)偏： 意即選項中所包含的邏輯范疇與原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。請看下文：
Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.
GRE閱讀題目：The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors
(B) describing common themes in Black American literature
(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature
(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century
(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century
分析：此文描述并評價了美國黑人文學史上一部優(yōu)秀的著作。而其中的D，E選項中的“Black American literature”以及“the writing of Black American novels”無疑擴大了原文的邏輯涵蓋的范圍，即屬于“以全概偏”。于是不予選擇。
3)反： 即選項中的內容與文章內容相反。
文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”
題目：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
分析：從文章中得知：“馬歇爾已經(jīng)擺脫了抗議小說所一貫描繪的受壓迫并且?guī)в斜瘎∩实呐魅斯蜗蟆?。但是B選項卻說道：“馬歇爾深深地受到二十世紀早期抗議小說的影響”，明顯與原文意思相反。
再如：
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析：C選項“與之前的抗議小說類似” 與原文意思相反。而B選項的“深受二十世紀早期小說的影響”從文章無法推測出。
4)無：即 提到文章中未涉及的內容。由于此種選項編制容易，并且ETS一廂情愿地認為此種迷惑手段非常高明。因此，此類錯誤選項在GRE閱讀的錯誤選項中數(shù)量眾多。請各位考生緊記：凡基于文章內容無法推測出的選項必然錯誤。
還是上文：
題目：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
分析：從文章中得知：“馬歇爾與另外兩位的的共同點在于他們都把小說聚焦于一位普通的黑人女性對自己身份的追求，當然故事是以一個黑人社會為背景”。其中的A選項“未研究百人文化對角色生活所帶來的影響”文章從未涉及。
再如：
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析：D選項“二十世紀50年代末期重要，但是今天過時了”文章從未涉及。
(3) 含有強調性語言(最高級、唯一性和比較級)的選項
ETS會隨意地在選項中加入一些極端語言來編制錯誤選項。集中表現(xiàn)為含有最高級，唯一性以及比較級的詞匯。換句話說，含有這三類詞匯的選項錯誤的幾率很高。具體說：
1)最高級詞匯：best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost, uppermost, always ,never, often, usually，primarily，primary，exact(ly)，complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly) extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等
2)唯一性詞匯：only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)
3)比較級詞匯：more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than ，as ..as, the same with, similar to 等等。
還是以上兩例：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
分析：此處的D選項和E選項中的“primarily”以及“exclusively”都屬于比較極端的詞匯。
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析：此處的A選項中的“completely” 也屬于比較極端的詞匯。
(4) 違反“論據(jù)集中”原則：
即此類選項試圖使用非定位處的信息回答問題。此類選項極具迷惑性，因為這些錯誤的選項在文章中確實被提及過，可是由于與問題回答無關因此不予選擇。
請看下例：
“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a (D)back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.
On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”
【題】The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in order to
(A)illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle
(B)show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents
(C)demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(D)describe the complicated motions made possible by back coupling
(E)account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges
分析：此題為一道舉例作用題。其定位為文章中加粗和劃線的句子。但是這四個錯誤的選項都無一例外地通過利用其它的句子編制而成，即出題機構分別使用文章中標號為 A，B，C和D的內容編制出四個錯誤的選項。因此，不予選擇?？忌屑梢驗槲恼聞e的地方曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過類似的內容而猶豫不決。
GRE閱讀高頻題型應對技巧相關文章：