GRE閱讀到底難在哪里
GRE閱讀到底難在哪里?全方位分析GRE閱讀4大考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)，我們來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE閱讀到底難在哪里?全方位分析GRE閱讀4大考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
從何而來，也許不同的考生都有各自不同的看法。排除GRE整個(gè)考試的詞匯的共通難點(diǎn)外，GRE閱讀還有什么地方會(huì)讓考生覺得有難度?下面小編就為大家做全方位分析介紹。GRE閱讀提分必須做好3件事
文章內(nèi)容要求高
GRE閱讀文章多聚焦一些特殊的或不熟悉的話題，如：自然科學(xué)，生物科學(xué)，社會(huì)科學(xué)，歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)等。這些話題除非考生本人感興趣或者所學(xué)專業(yè)有所涉及，一般都是大家陌生的領(lǐng)域。突然接觸這類文章也往往會(huì)造成一定的理解困難。這就要求同學(xué)們平時(shí)要多關(guān)注一下這方面的報(bào)刊雜志或其他媒體。5月最新GRE閱讀考后真題分享
必須在電腦屏幕上閱讀
雖然現(xiàn)在家用電腦已經(jīng)普及，基本每個(gè)人都會(huì)使用電腦。但在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，許多考生還是更習(xí)慣在書本上而不是電腦屏幕上進(jìn)行閱讀。GRE考試實(shí)行的是機(jī)考方式，考生不能打印不能翻轉(zhuǎn)試卷，而是需要滾動(dòng)窗口，下拉鼠標(biāo)來讀完一篇長文章的閱讀。并且長時(shí)間地盯著電腦屏幕進(jìn)行閱讀對眼睛來說也是極具挑戰(zhàn)性的。假如考生還不習(xí)慣在電腦上進(jìn)行閱讀和解答，自然會(huì)覺得有難度。
文章里有大量長難句
GRE閱讀不僅文章內(nèi)容題材上比較高冷，在具體的表現(xiàn)形式上也讓人覺得為難。文章中往往充斥著大量的長難句，會(huì)給考生的閱讀理解造成了不小的困擾。而這些長難句也經(jīng)常會(huì)包含文章主旨和關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)等閱讀?？嫉膬?nèi)容，許多同學(xué)因?yàn)榭床欢L難句而無法順利解答。
GRE考試時(shí)間緊張，而閱讀文章較長篇幅往往讓考生不得不加快閱讀速度才能有足夠的時(shí)間解題。如果考生本身在閱讀速度上存在問題，或者沒有適應(yīng)GRE考試嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間要求，就很容易在閱讀部分出現(xiàn)問題。
以上就是小編為大家全方位分析的GRE閱讀的4大難點(diǎn)，希望各位考生能夠在備考過程中留意這些難點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行一些針對性地強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，如此才能確保在GRE閱讀部分取得更為理想的成績。
GRE閱讀素材大開眼界 海龜聞香識水母
Turtles love a smell that humans loathe. For them, it means dinner
海龜喜歡一種人類討厭的味道，對它們來說，這表示大餐
JELLYFISH may not be most people's idea of a tasty snack, but if you are a loggerhead turtle, they are top of the menu.
水母或許不符合大多數(shù)人對于美味小食的定義，但如果你變成一只紅海龜，水母便成了頂級美食。
Though jellyfish can swim, they are not exactly the greyhounds of the ocean, so they are easily caught.
雖然水母可以游動(dòng)，但它們可算不上海洋中的快艇，所以要逮它們很容易。
And since munching a large jellyfish can keep a turtle going for days, loggerheads love them when they can find them.
而吃上一只大水母能讓一只海龜維持好幾天，所以紅海龜一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)水母便會(huì)大快朵頤。
Yum!
味道好極了!
The best place to do so is in an upwelling zone.
上升流區(qū)是海龜大快朵頤的最佳地點(diǎn)。
This is an area where the wind's action draws cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface.
在這種區(qū)域里，水流會(huì)在海風(fēng)的作用下將富含營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的冷水帶到海洋表面，
That encourages the growth of planktonic algae, and thus of everything that feeds on such plankton, or feeds on what feeds on them—including jellyfish, and also various molluscs and crustacea that loggerheads enjoy as an appetiser.
這有利于浮游藻類生長，因此也有利于以這些浮游生物為食的動(dòng)物，或以這些動(dòng)物為食的動(dòng)物生長，包括水母，還有各種各樣的軟體動(dòng)物和甲殼動(dòng)物，這些都是紅海龜?shù)淖類邸?/p>
And upwelling zones do, indeed, attract turtles.
所以上升流區(qū)確實(shí)會(huì)吸引海龜，
But nobody knows how, for such zones are scattered, local and often temporary phenomena, and locating them in the wide expanse of the sea is hard.
但沒人知道海龜是怎樣找到上升流區(qū)的，這些區(qū)域都是局部性的，非常分散，且常常只是暫時(shí)現(xiàn)象，要想在寬廣的海洋中找到它們絕非易事。
Courtney Endres, a biologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, however, thought the reptiles might be smelling such zones from afar.
然而考特尼恩德斯認(rèn)為兩棲動(dòng)物離很遠(yuǎn)便能通過氣味察覺到上升流區(qū)，她是美國北卡羅來納州立大學(xué)的一名生物學(xué)家。
She knew from an experiment she conducted a few years ago that loggerheads have a good sense of smell.
她是從幾年前進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)紅海龜擁有良好的嗅覺。
She also knew, because passing sailors frequently comment on the fact, that upwelling zones tend to stink.
她還了解到上升流區(qū)往往會(huì)發(fā)出異味，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過上升流區(qū)的水手們經(jīng)常會(huì)提到這一事實(shí)。
Specifically, they stink of cabbages.
明確的說，是卷心菜的異味。
That is because many planktonic algae, when crunched up during the process of being eaten, release a substance called dimethylsulphoniopropionate.
這是由于浮游藻類在被吃掉的過程中被咬碎時(shí)，會(huì)釋放出一種叫做硫代甜菜堿的物質(zhì)，
This quickly degrades into another chemical, dimethyl sulphide, which generations of those subjected to unimaginative school lunches will instantly recognise.
該物質(zhì)很快會(huì)降解為另一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)-二甲基硫化物，聞到這種物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的氣味會(huì)立刻讓人想起千篇一律的學(xué)校午餐的氣味。
But to loggerheads it is the smell of a banquet.
但這對紅海龜來說是盛宴的氣息。
Ms Endres and her colleague Kenneth Lohmann showed this by collecting 11 loggerhead hatchlings from local beaches and testing them to see which smells most interested them.
恩德斯及其同事肯尼斯羅曼通過實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了這點(diǎn)。她們在當(dāng)?shù)睾┥献チ?1只紅海龜?shù)挠?，并測試它們對哪種氣味最感興趣。
The young turtles were each put in a tank of seawater that had various scents blown across its surface.
每只幼龜被分別放入一個(gè)裝有海水的水缸中，并將各種各樣的氣味吹過水面，
These included cinnamon, jasmine, lemon—and dimethyl sulphide.
包括肉桂，茉莉，檸檬，以及二甲基硫化物。
When a turtle came up for air , the researchers recorded how long it sniffed around.
當(dāng)海龜?shù)剿嫔蠐Q氣時(shí)，研究人員記錄了它們露出水面的時(shí)間。
They found, as they report in Experimental Biology, that the animals spent an average of five seconds breathing air scented with lemon,jasmine or cinnamon, all pleasant odours from a human point of view.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，從人類的角度上看，檸檬，茉莉，或肉桂都是很悅?cè)说臍馕?，而海龜在呼吸含有以上氣味的空氣時(shí)，平均只在水面停留了五秒鐘，
That was no different from the amount of time they spent at the surface when no scent was used at all.
與在其呼吸沒有氣味的空氣時(shí)的停留時(shí)間沒什么不同。
When the air was scented with dimethyl sulphide, however, they spent an average of ten seconds breathing in the stinky scent of cabbages—or upwellings.
然而在空氣中含有二甲基硫的氣味時(shí)，海龜在這種散發(fā)著卷心菜或者說上升流異味的空氣中平均停留了十秒鐘。該報(bào)道刊登在《實(shí)驗(yàn)生物學(xué)》上。
That does not prove that loggerheads smell their way to the table, of course. But it makes the hypothesis plausible.
當(dāng)然，這并不能證明紅海龜能順著氣味找到它們的餐桌，但是這讓以上假設(shè)似乎可以說得通。
For turtles, it seems, the perfumes of Araby hold little charm.
看來阿拉伯香水對海龜也不會(huì)有什么吸引力，
The scent of cabbages, by contrast, is as attractive as the odour of roasting chicken is to a hungry human.
相比之下，卷心菜的氣味之于海龜?shù)奈拖窨倦u之于餓漢。
GRE閱讀大揭秘 容貌對稱既可以增添美感也可以促進(jìn)身體健康
On the face of it
從表面判斷
More evidence that symmetrical features indicate good health
更多證據(jù)表明對稱容貌顯示身體健康
BEAUTY may be in the eye of the beholder, but a symmetricalface is usually a big help.
情人眼里出西施，但對稱的容貌通常有助于美感。
In contrast, asymmetry is often associated with malignance.
相反，非對稱通常與丑惡相聯(lián)。
Biologists have long speculated why this is.
生物學(xué)家長期思考為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況。
In theory, evolution provides a logical answer: unfit individuals are less likely than fitter folk to be able to maintain the symmetrical development of their bodies when exposed to stress and disease.
就理論上而言，進(jìn)化論就是其邏輯答案。在面臨壓力與疾病時(shí)，非健康者可能不如健康者能保持自身的對稱發(fā)展。
In other words, many parts of the body are supposed to be symmetrical, so any deviation from perfect symmetry indicates that an animal has not been able to grow as intended.
換句話說，身體的許多部位本是對稱的，那么，從完美對稱變?yōu)榉菍ΨQ表明身體已不可能按正常發(fā)展。
As an animal is unlikely to want to mix its genes with an unfit or diseased partner, evolution selects symmetry as an attractive trait.
由于健康者不大可能愿意其基因與非健康/患病者的相結(jié)合，進(jìn)化論便選擇對稱作為一個(gè)有吸引力的特征。
Whether asymmetry and poor health or fitness really go hand in hand has not been easy to prove.
很難證明非對稱者是否與非健康或健康真正相關(guān)聯(lián)。
Research on this in humans causes ethical problems and can raise hackles.
關(guān)于人類這個(gè)問題的研究導(dǎo)致種簇問題，造成憤怒。
Now a new study conducted with macaque monkeys hints that there is indeed a connection.
現(xiàn)在，以獼猴為例的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明他們的確有關(guān)聯(lián)。
Previous studies with macaques have demonstrated that the animals will gaze longer at symmetrical faces than they do at asymmetric ones, which could be interpreted as the monkeys finding such faces more attractive.
先前有關(guān)獼猴的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，相比非對稱性獼猴，獼猴愿意花更多長凝視擁有對稱性容貌的獼猴，這可能理解為獼猴發(fā)現(xiàn)那些具有對稱性容貌的具有更多吸引力。
The results of these studies have led researchers to believe that the monkeys have a preference for symmetry just as humans do.
研究結(jié)果使得研究者相信獼猴與人類一樣偏愛對稱性容貌者。
However, a clear connection between health and symmetry had not been made.
然而，健康與對稱性的關(guān)聯(lián)還未得到確切的證明。
Fascinated by this question, Anthony Little of the University of Stirling in Scotland and Annika Paukner of the National Institutes of Health in America established a new study with 93 female macaque monkeys.
受這個(gè)問題的困擾，蘇格蘭斯特林大學(xué)的安東尼.里特與美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院的安妮卡.波克恩一起對93只獼猴進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)新的研究。
The monkeys came from three different groups and had been raised in some degree of captivity.
這些獼猴來自三個(gè)不同群組，受到不同程度的圈養(yǎng)。
All of the monkeys, between the ages of five and 20, were photographed, face forward.
所有這些獼猴年齡都在5歲-20歲，他們面朝前面一起接受拍照。
Dr Little and his colleagues analysed facial symmetry using a computer to measure the distance of various features, like the edges of the nostrils, lips and eyes, from a line drawn down the centre of the monkey's face.
一條中間直線劃分獼狒面部，里特博士和他的同事使用電腦測量不同器官的兩邊距離，包括鼻孔，嘴唇，眼睛。
These distances were then compared and any differences between them were added to an overall asymmetry score.
然后，對這些測量的距離進(jìn)行對比，把所有的差距匯總，就成了非對稱數(shù)據(jù)。
Thus a perfectly symmetrical face, with eyes, lips and nostrils exactly the same distance from the central line, would earn a score of zero.
因此，非常完美的對稱面貌，眼睛，嘴唇以及鼻子兩邊離中間線的距離是相同的，因而總對稱分?jǐn)?shù)為0。
A highly asymmetric one would score the sum of all the distance differences between features on the face.
他們記錄下非常不對稱的獼猴臉部器官的差距和。
更多雙語文章》》 點(diǎn)擊這里
The team then considered the overall health of the monkeys during their first four years of life.
前四年這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)關(guān)注這些獼猴的總體健康。
This comparison was made from veterinary records and evidence of health problems.
他們對獸醫(yī)記錄的以及健康問題的證據(jù)進(jìn)行對比。
The researchers looked out for minor wounds that had been noted by staff but left to heal on their own; major wounds such as bites that required stitches; levels of subcutaneous fat and muscle; the quality of their coat; and their weight gain.
研究人員關(guān)注那些工作人員之前注意到卻任其自愈的小傷口;諸如咬傷之類需要縫合的大傷口;因咬而需縫線的大傷口;皮下脂肪厚度，肌肉的強(qiáng)壯;表皮質(zhì)量以及體重增加。
These health factors were compiled into two scores, one reflecting wounds and one reflecting the monkey's general condition, and they were compared with the asymmetry scores.
這些健康因素分成兩組分?jǐn)?shù)，一組反映傷口情況，另一組反應(yīng)獼猴總體身體狀況，這些與不對稱性數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較。
Dr Little and his colleagues report in Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology that whereas wounds showed no relationship to asymmetry, as the monkeys' condition scores declined so too did their facial-symmetry results.
里特博士和他同事在《行為生態(tài)學(xué)和社會(huì)生物學(xué)》雜志上報(bào)道：雖然傷口與不對稱性無任何關(guān)系，但猴子身體狀況越差，它們的臉部就越不對稱。
The researchers argue that this health connection is what makes macaque monkeys look longer at symmetrical faces than they do at uneven ones.
這些研究員認(rèn)為，這一健康關(guān)聯(lián)是因?yàn)楂J猴對著對稱面貌比不對稱面貌時(shí)間長。
Thus facial symmetry really does appear to be an indicator of health, at least among macaques.
因此，面貌對稱性真正能呈現(xiàn)身體健康指標(biāo)，至少獼猴是這樣。
And what is true for them is likely to be true for people too.
因此，適用于獼狒的這一原理可能也適用于人。
GRE閱讀看社會(huì)現(xiàn)象 高管薪酬值多少?
Big, controversial golden goodbyes to bosses are probably here to stay
老板們巨額而有爭議的黃金告別可能會(huì)被留下來
IS THE new boss of Time Warner Cable about to become one of the luckiest-ever winners of the great chief-executive pay lottery?
時(shí)代華納有線電視公司的新老板會(huì)成為偉大的首席執(zhí)行官中最幸運(yùn)的贏家之一嗎?
Robert Marcus is set to take over as boss on January 1st.
羅伯特·馬庫斯將于1月1日接任老板。
If rumours are to be believed, that will be just in time for the cable firm to be bought by one of a host of rivals that are now circling it.
如果傳言是可信的，那恰好有線電視公司被環(huán)繞的競爭對手中的一位收購。
A change-of-control clause in his contract means he could go straight back out of the door with a golden goodbye of over $56m.
合同中的變更條款意味著他可以擁有超過5,600萬元的黃金告別走出大門。
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The biggest loser, in contrast, may be Philippe Varin, who will step down as boss of PSA Peugeot Citron, a struggling French carmaker.
相反，最大的輸家可能是菲利普·瓦蘭，他從一個(gè)苦苦掙扎的法國汽車制造商PSA標(biāo)致雪鐵龍老板的位置上下來。
On November 27th, he issued a statement saying he would give up a pension provision valued at 21m.
11月27日，他發(fā)表聲明說，他將放棄價(jià)值2100萬的養(yǎng)老金保障。
The board will decide his future pension arrangements before he retires, probably with an eye on public opinion.
董事會(huì)將在他退休前安排他未來的養(yǎng)老金，可能會(huì)顧及輿論的反應(yīng)。
He follows in the footsteps of Fred Goodwin, who presided over the collapse of Royal Bank of Scotland.
他步了弗雷德·古德溫的后塵，其導(dǎo)致了蘇格蘭皇家銀行的崩潰。
In 2009, again after a public outcry, the man known as Fred the Shred, because of his fondness for firing people, agreed to reduce his pension by 212,500 a year to a paltry 342,500.
在2009年輿論再次嘩然，那個(gè)喜歡裁人的被稱為弗雷德的同意將他的退休金的減少額從212500英鎊一年增加到區(qū)區(qū)342500英鎊。
It is rare for public disapproval of generous golden goodbyes to have so much impact.
公眾很少認(rèn)為這些慷慨的黃金告別有這么大的影響。
Even the introduction of say on pay votes in countries such as America and Britain seems only to have curbed the most egregious excesses.
甚至在一些引進(jìn)了薪酬話語權(quán)投票的國家如美國和英國似乎只能抑制最令人震驚的過激行為。
Ira Kay of Pay Governance, a consultant, says that in America, most company boards facing such votes have managed to win them by dropping overgenerous perks like the automatic vesting of the boss's share options even when he has kept his job following a takeover.
薪酬管理顧問艾拉凱指出，在美國，面臨著這樣投票的公司的董事會(huì)已經(jīng)設(shè)法通過清理過于慷慨的激勵(lì)措施，如老板股票期權(quán)的自動(dòng)歸屬權(quán)，甚至在被收購后還繼續(xù)他的工作。
The once-widespread practice of paying a boss's taxes on his post-takeover payout, a nice little earner known as the excise tax gross-up, has also ended, costing some chief executives millions of dollars, says Mr Kay.
凱先生說，在老板的稅收上過往的做法是在他退休后支出，一個(gè)很好的被稱為包稅的賺錢者也結(jié)束了，花掉了首席執(zhí)行官們數(shù)百萬美金。
Bosses can no longer trigger big severance payouts by self-termination—quitting or retiring—adds Doug Friske of Towers Watson, another pay consultant.
另一家薪酬顧問公司韜?；輴偟牡栏馞riske說，老板們以后不能靠通過自行終止-辭職或退休增加巨額的退休金。
Topping up the pension fund for a boss who leaves earlier than expected is now frowned on too.
為提前退休的老板補(bǔ)足養(yǎng)老基金現(xiàn)在也行不通了。
Say on pay has also forced boards to get better at costing perks that once were wrongly regarded as practically free.
薪酬話語權(quán)也迫使董事會(huì)在之前被認(rèn)為是隨意額外津貼上做的更好。
Yet the golden parachute is a chronic problem that I don't see changing anytime soon, says Donald Hambrick, a management professor at Pennsylvania State University.
然而，金降落傘是一個(gè)老大難問題，我沒看到最近會(huì)有什么變化，賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)管理學(xué)教授唐納德·漢姆布瑞克說。
The procession of bosses exiting with fabulous pay-offs continues.
老板們難以置信的離職金仍在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
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Pay consultants brought in by firms seeking a new boss often get blamed for regarding the most generous existing package in the market as the baseline for negotiations.
薪酬顧問為企業(yè)尋求新的老板常常會(huì)因?yàn)橐允袌鲎疃嗟碾x職金為基準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行談判而被責(zé)怪。
But there is also a small cottage industry of elite lawyers who are used by any candidate to be boss, and who have mastered every trick in the book, Mr Hambrick says.
漢姆布瑞克先生說，也有一些曾是老板候選人的小企業(yè)中的精英律師，他們懂得書中的所有技巧。
By the time the public is frothing at the mouth about some fired corporate failure walking off with a fortune, it is usually too late to do anything about it.
這時(shí)公眾議論的是解雇失敗損失的錢，而這通常是來不及做任何事情補(bǔ)救。
Everything is negotiated up front; that is the time to be outraged, he advises.
他建議一切都協(xié)商都進(jìn)行在前面，這是被激怒的時(shí)候。
Once a boss has failed and pulled the cord on his golden parachute, boards typically conclude that it is best just to pay up quietly.
一旦老板已經(jīng)失敗并且拉著他的黃金降落傘的繩子，董事會(huì)一般認(rèn)為最好是默默的把錢付了。
Even though recent legal changes have made it easier, even in America, to claw back some of the money paid to failed bosses, in practice firms will only try to do that if there is cast-iron evidence of fault, such as a financial misstatement.
即使在美國，盡管最近的法律變化使得更容易奪回部分支付給失敗老板的錢，在實(shí)踐中如果證據(jù)確鑿公司將嘗試這樣做，如財(cái)務(wù)失實(shí)。
None of this should come as a surprise to anyone familiar with the myopic ways boards tend to work in practice.
董事會(huì)在實(shí)踐中的目光短淺對所有的人來說這一切都不應(yīng)該是一件驚訝的事。
The moment when a company is paying off a failure is also the moment it is trying to attract the best possible candidate to sort out the mess.
當(dāng)一個(gè)公司為失敗付錢的那一刻也是它正試圖吸引盡可能最好的人選來收拾爛攤子。
Contesting the last boss's deal could easily scare off the ideal new one.
爭辯最后老板的這筆交易很容易嚇跑新的理想人選。
The CEO wheel of fortune keeps on turning.
CEO的命運(yùn)之輪仍在不斷向前。
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