GRE閱讀該如何抓重點(diǎn)

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GRE閱讀該如何抓重點(diǎn),首句重點(diǎn),快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀抓重點(diǎn)——首句重點(diǎn)

一、GRE閱讀整體思路和方法:

先讀文章后做題,閱讀速度一定要快,勇敢的省略,記住:看題時(shí)間要比看文時(shí)間長

兩遍法,第一遍通讀,重點(diǎn)看文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、focus、作者態(tài)度,第二遍在解題時(shí)定位閱讀

解任何題目時(shí)都要回到原文中定位,嚴(yán)格把握文字對應(yīng)法,每個(gè)正確答案都必須找到依據(jù),絕對不可憑記憶或知識背景做題

不要精讀,不必了解文章的意思,速度一定要快,一定要作筆記,時(shí)間不夠看首段和各段首句

每天都積累幾個(gè)GRE句子

總之閱讀的關(guān)鍵就是:“速度+定位+改寫”

二、GRE閱讀文章重點(diǎn):

重在結(jié)構(gòu),關(guān)注focus,關(guān)注作者對focus的態(tài)度、評價(jià),缺陷及需要改進(jìn)的地方

重點(diǎn)讀首段和各段首句,注意起承轉(zhuǎn)合,看不懂的繼續(xù)往下看,只關(guān)心是順接還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

作筆記:尤其是新觀點(diǎn)、TS、判斷句、虛擬語氣、強(qiáng)對比、強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折、最高級、唯一性、比較級、列舉,大寫名詞、時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),人名等,不要精讀,記住位置即可需作筆記的部分:(作筆記是為了定位方便)

TS直接標(biāo)在文章旁邊

關(guān)鍵詞直接在文中標(biāo)出

人名、地名、斜體字記行號、首字母及評價(jià)L10, D, +第10行出現(xiàn)D,正評價(jià)

強(qiáng)對比L10 ><標(biāo)記行號

強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)記位置

unless,缺陷標(biāo)記位置

比較級、最高級,唯一性=, >, <標(biāo)記行號,用于文字對應(yīng)

大列舉標(biāo)記位置,可能考except或羅馬數(shù)字題

泛指化題型is driven to標(biāo)記位置

速度一定要快,能不讀則不讀,能少讀則少讀,長文章一定要只看框架,大膽的略讀粗讀,做筆記,讀題,精確定位,解題需要特別注意的內(nèi)容:

a:強(qiáng)對比、強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折、雙重否定

b:比較級、最高級、唯一性、“所有”, only, in particular

c:大寫名詞、斜體字做好標(biāo)記

d:有關(guān)時(shí)間的句子,弄清楚前后關(guān)系

e:反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞,弄清其含義

f:虛擬、讓步語氣

g:轉(zhuǎn)折、比較弄清比較雙方是誰

h:文章脈絡(luò),作者的觀點(diǎn)和傾向,評價(jià)最重要

三、閱讀題型分類

1.按寫作方法分:presentation[立論], argument[評論]

2.按寫作套路分:新舊觀點(diǎn)型、現(xiàn)象解釋型、結(jié)論解釋型、問題解決型

3.按題材分:文學(xué)評論,美國歷史,弱勢群體,生命科學(xué)

四、固定題材作者態(tài)度:

1.社會現(xiàn)象.作者反對將社會現(xiàn)象拔高到階級、政治、意識形態(tài)或超人性的高度,反對各種左派思想、革命主張和馬克思主義。

2.文學(xué)評論.作者一貫反對從政治或意識形態(tài)角度去解釋文學(xué)現(xiàn)象或評價(jià)相應(yīng)觀點(diǎn),作者贊同從純文學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行解釋或評價(jià)。

3.對于新材料、新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新發(fā)明。作者的態(tài)度以支持的正評價(jià)為主,有時(shí)會提到缺陷,但不影響主態(tài)度。

4.生命科學(xué).作者一貫反對Darwin及其進(jìn)化論,包括趨同進(jìn)化觀點(diǎn)。

5.對如下題材作者與我們持有相同的傾向

溫室效應(yīng)(二氧化碳數(shù)量)。

臭氧層問題。

供水問題(淡水資源缺乏)、城市污染、沙漠化侵襲——環(huán)境類問題。

6.關(guān)于弱勢人群或其他

有婦女題材、黑人題材、黑人婦女題材、少數(shù)民族題材等。有三種態(tài)度作者一貫反對:

1仇視;

2認(rèn)為上述問題不重要,不值得研究;

3認(rèn)為上述問題已經(jīng)完全解決;

4.作者態(tài)度:關(guān)注并盼望有方案給出。

5.喜新厭舊.過去的、傳統(tǒng)的、大家一致接受的,作者至少不會給正評價(jià)。

新GRE閱讀難句解析——插入語

Is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic? (3)

這究竟是一種缺陷呢,還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作,抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系?

難句類型:插入語

解釋:本句的句子既短,意思也不難理解,但插入語(or trying to forge)的干擾作用卻極強(qiáng)。

意群訓(xùn)練:Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?

As my own studies have advanced,I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them. (5)

隨著我的研究不斷深入,我對昆蟲和脊椎動(dòng)物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來愈深刻,而對結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠,雖然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無法愈越的鴻溝。

難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略

解釋:本句子的中間一段impressed with the functional similarites between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences容易令人看暈,其中的insect and vertebrate societies and less so with由兩個(gè)and連接了三個(gè)部分,然而它們其實(shí)不是同一層次的并列,第一個(gè)and實(shí)際上是between insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分,是并列的,而and之后的less so with其實(shí)是對于一個(gè)完整的表達(dá)方式I have been increasingly less impressed with的省略形式,去掉了與前面重復(fù)的成分。

后面修飾的structural differences的定語從句that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them中,又出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)別扭的插入語at first glance,把應(yīng)該連在一起的seem to 粗暴地分開,令人不熟悉此類難句的人倍感不適。

意群訓(xùn)練:As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constiture such an immense gulf between them.

In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ;does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? (5)

不僅如此,有些黑人小說(比如JT的甘蔗)的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義;這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個(gè)和諧的對應(yīng)呢?這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗?fàn)幍拿\(yùn),這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的主題。

難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

解釋:在本句中有三個(gè)詞需要先解釋一番:verge on這個(gè)詞組是接近于、瀕于的意思,hero在文學(xué)作品中是主人公的意思,pit作動(dòng)詞時(shí),除了挖坑、窖藏之外,還有使競爭、使斗爭的意思,其英文釋義為:to set as gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into opposition or rivalry usually used with against.在此用的是后一種語義的被動(dòng)語態(tài)fate againt which Black heros are pitted.如果用主動(dòng)語態(tài)則是:pit black heros againt fate.

另外本句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,分號之后是一個(gè)一般疑問句,但是由于修飾成分過多,過長,使得讀者看不清楚這個(gè)句子在問什么。其實(shí)如果沒有最后的那個(gè)prevalent theme的同位語a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression,本句會易懂得多。

意群訓(xùn)練:In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

新GRE閱讀難句解析——復(fù)雜修飾

The physicist rightly dreads precise argument,since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on

which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. (5+)

物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無誤的論據(jù)不無道理,因?yàn)槟撤N只有在它是精確無誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù),一旦它賴于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化,便會失去它一部的作用;而與此相反,一個(gè)盡管并不精確無誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù),在其基本假設(shè)(underlying assumption)稍微受干擾的情況下,仍然有可能是站得住腳的。

難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾

解釋:本句在文章中就是一個(gè)自然段,雖然長度比不上前面第一章中所舉的那個(gè)長達(dá)10行的例子,但是難度絕不在那句話之下。本句堪稱句子的大雜燴,連主句帶從句居然一共有八個(gè)。從大往小說,由whereas連接了兩個(gè)大句子,whereas后面的句子中的主語an augument之后又跟了一個(gè)定語從句that is convincing though imprecise, 修飾augument.whereas前面共有六個(gè)句子,由the physicist作主語的主句;由since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,修飾since從句中主語an augument的由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,此定語從句中的條件狀語從句only if it is precise; since從句中的條件狀語從句if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修飾此從句中的主語assumptions的定語從句on which it is based一共八個(gè)句子,從句套從句,實(shí)在令人嘆為觀止。

然而,在考試現(xiàn)場去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目,是只有呆子才會干的事,讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復(fù)閱讀這句話,什么時(shí)候練到不必去想其語法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂,才算初步掌握;再進(jìn)一步把它讀順,直到你看不出這個(gè)句子有什么特別的地方,看上去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功。

意群訓(xùn)練:The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)

雖然小說無疑起源于政治情狀,但其作者則是以非意識形態(tài)的方式對這些政治情狀作出反應(yīng)的,而將小說和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識形態(tài)的工具來探討,會在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。

難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾

解釋:本句從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上來講,惟一的難度在于and之后的句子的主語talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太長,以至于看到謂語circumvent的時(shí)候已經(jīng)搞不清楚主謂了。更大的難度恐怕還在于對兩個(gè)詞匯的理解circumvent和enterprise.我們以前所背過的circumvent有兩個(gè)詞義,一個(gè)是規(guī)避,一是以計(jì)謀戰(zhàn)勝,但是這兩種意思放到此處都顯然不通;其實(shí)circumvent有一個(gè)我們沒有背過的最常用的意思是包圍、限制或陷害;至于enterprise常用的意思是企業(yè),這里的指事業(yè)。

意群訓(xùn)練:Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

However,as they gained cohesion,the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres,who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)

起初,藍(lán)襪女們確實(shí)模仿了法國沙龍女主人,將男性襄括到其小圈子中來。然則,隨著她們獲得的凝聚力,她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團(tuán)體,并擁有了一種婦女團(tuán)結(jié)意識,而這種意識在法國沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無存,因?yàn)樗齻兠總€(gè)人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開來。

難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾

解釋:本句讀到表示并列的連詞and開始變難。and之后的不定式與前面的不定式是并列的,to的前面省略了一個(gè)與前面一樣的謂語came. lacking之后的分詞作定語修飾a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句又修飾逗號前面的salonnieres此從句中又有一個(gè)定語從句that each salonniere held in her own salon修飾其前的primacy,但是由于引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作賓語,因此被省略。

意群訓(xùn)練:However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestocking came to regard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.

GRE閱讀考試難句解析

38.Some geologists,however,on the basis of observations concerningmantle xenoliths,argue that the mantle is not layered,but thatheterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements”(elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolatingupward and transforming portions of the uppermantle irregularly,according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways.

但是,某些地質(zhì)學(xué)家,以對地幔捕虜巖體(xenolith)所作的觀察為依據(jù),指出地幔并非是分層排列的,相反,地幔的異質(zhì)性是由那些富含“不相容成分”的流質(zhì)構(gòu)成的,這些成分趨向于流體而非固體的狀態(tài),自下而上滲透擴(kuò)散,并依照這些流質(zhì)流向的任意性,不規(guī)則地將上部地幔的某些部分予以改變。

39.The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationshipsthat kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels,fromabstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficultfor Proust to set them out coherently.

各種有意義的聯(lián)系在所有的層次上,自抽象的理性至深刻的夢幻般的情感,層出不窮并不斷重新組合排列;正是這些有意義的聯(lián)系的豐富性和復(fù)雜性,致使普魯斯特難于將它們錯(cuò)落有致地安排好。

40.It is possible to make specific complementary DNA's(cDNA's)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messengerRNA's (mRNA's)of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making thehormones,the cells will contain these Mrna'S. If the products the braincells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them,then thecDNA's should still bind to these mRNA's,but should not bind astightly as they would to mRNA's for the true hormones.

科學(xué)家可以制造出特異的(specific)互補(bǔ)DNA's(cDNA's),以此作為分子探子(molecularprobe),探覓出肽激素的信使RNA's(mRNA's)。如果大腦正在制造著肽激素,則細(xì)胞就會含有這些信使RNA's.假若細(xì)胞所制造的產(chǎn)品類似于肽激素但并非與這些肽激素全然相同,那么,互補(bǔ)cDNA's應(yīng)仍然和這些信使mDNA's粘結(jié)的程度。含有這些mRNA's的腦細(xì)胞然后就可以被分離開來,研究者可對其信使RNA's進(jìn)行解碼,以確定它們的蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品究竟是什么,并確定這些蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品在何種程度上類似于真正的肽激素。

41.The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNAprobes should also be much faster than the immunological method becauseit can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormonesand then develop antiserums to them.

采用cDNA探子來測定肽激素的這一分子生物學(xué)方法同時(shí)也應(yīng)該比免疫學(xué)的方法速度來得快,因?yàn)閷τ诿庖叩姆椒▉碚f,需耗費(fèi)好幾年枯燥的提純進(jìn)程,方能將肽素分離了出來,然后再培養(yǎng)出針對它們的抗血清。

42.This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits andevents not directly related to glacial and interglacialperiods,rather than on the more usual modern method of studyingbiological remains found in interglacial beds themselvesinterstratified within glacial deposits.

這一序列演替(succession)所依據(jù)的,主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事件,而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法,去研究間冰層(interglacialbed)中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物,而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化(interstatified)。

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