盤點托福寫作極易出現(xiàn)的小錯誤
今天我們一起來盤點盤點托福寫作極易出現(xiàn)的小錯誤,看看大家有沒有踩雷,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作極易出現(xiàn)的小錯誤
關(guān)于TOEFL寫作相信大家都買了不少參考書,并且背誦了不少好段子,但是有的考生依舊作文不理想,究其原因在寫作時可能不太在意,好了,讓我們看看專家怎么評點TOEFL寫作中的常見錯誤的,大家也要引以為戒,爭取不犯類似錯誤。
1.結(jié)構(gòu)不平行例:I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.當(dāng)使用連詞將一系列的單詞聯(lián)接起來的時候,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用詞性相同或同一類型的短語。
2.不知所云例:Many companies began using computers mouth.
3.段落過長,不分段主語與動詞一致問題She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.主語和動詞在數(shù)方面不一致。
4.句子別扭We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.措辭過長或不清。換言之,句子顯得滑稽可笑。
5.不要使用縮寫在正式的寫作中不要使用縮寫形式(can’t,don’t,it’s,we’ll,they’ve等等),而應(yīng)當(dāng)使用單詞的完整理式(cannot,do not,it is,we will,they have等等)。
6.關(guān)聯(lián)詞語重復(fù)Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.不能在該句的主要主語和主要動詞前使用連詞。
7.句子不完整Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to getsintoscollege. For example, my friend in high school.句子沒有主要主語或主要動詞,因為其實它應(yīng)是一個從句。這是一個非常常見的錯誤,修改的方法是將兩個句子連接起來。
8.不要使用get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and gotsintosbed. Get太不正式,意思也過于含糊,不適合用在正式的場合。應(yīng)將get改為一個更加具體的單詞,如become, receive, find, achieve,等等。
9.書寫難以辨認(rèn)信息不正確I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there.傳的信息不正確,或者讓人聽起來覺得可能不正確(如果確實是正確的,應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋為什么這樣,因為讀者不認(rèn)為是正確的)。上述例句中,all的意思是百分之百;我們不能絕對地說每一件新東西都是從美國誕生的。為保險起見,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用many或most。非英語單詞Computers are very helpful and advantageable.盡管看起來象個單詞,其實不是,至少不是個英文單詞。使用這個單詞的另一種形式。
10.介詞多余I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband.在表示這種意思時此單詞不能與介詞連用。這種情況常見于downtown,home,there,here等詞。這些詞語在英語中是副詞而非名詞,因而不能在它們前面添加介詞。
11.跑題或不相關(guān)There are many reasons to buy a car, preferably a nice car.這個意思與okay for children to fail sometimes.所表達(dá)的意思很普通大多數(shù)人都已經(jīng)知道到了,因而就沒有必要再說出來。
12.標(biāo)點問題I love animals. And I like to help them. Because they are helpless. So I want to become a vet.這是一個非常普遍的問題!許多學(xué)生在句子中使用了太多的句號,尤其是當(dāng)他們用手寫的時候。
13.重復(fù)冗余Personally, I believe what the newspaper prints.一種意思的表述不止一次,或者某個詞語不必要。
14.單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)Many year ago, dinosaur roamed the Earths.單詞需要從單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),或者由復(fù)數(shù)變成單數(shù)。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨使用,應(yīng)該將其變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式或者加上限定詞(a, the, my, his, her, Gary’s, no, any, 1, 3, 50, most,等等)。
15.拼寫錯誤主語、動詞或賓語有問題I want to buy something for my mother that she will like it. There was a terrible accident happen yesterday.句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有問題 缺少主語、動詞或賓語,或者這些成分重復(fù)。
16.語氣與文章不符I was kind of mad at the guy who vociferated angry words at me. I have heard many wonderful things about such cosmopolitan cities as Paris, London, Tokyo, and Hong Kong and I would love to visit these cities to check them out.語氣與文章其他部分不相符可能是過于正式或者太不正式。
17.代詞指代不明If people do not speak the same language, it has a greater chance of miscommunication. I intend to complete my studies in the United States because they have good programs there.代詞所指代的指示詞(介詞所代替的名詞)不清楚。
18.過于籠統(tǒng)We should use our resources on Earth because the Earth is getting worse. 句子或它所表達(dá)的意思過于籠統(tǒng),不能提供多少信息。
19.動詞時態(tài)錯誤Yesterday I will go to the store because tomorrow I needed some food.動詞時態(tài)不正確檢查一下是應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時還是完成時等等。
20.選詞不恰當(dāng)I was late getting home because I lost my way.在這種情況下不應(yīng)該使用該詞可選擇更好的詞語或者所使用的詞語與文章的總體語氣不符。
21.單詞形式不當(dāng)I want to creation a great web site so that I can becoming wealth.所使用的單詞的形式不正確檢查一下應(yīng)該使用該詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞形式的哪一種。
22.用詞錯誤Even I don’t speak Spanish, I was able to find a bathroom in the department store. I gained a lot of pounds during vacation.用詞錯誤或在此種情況下該詞不是最佳用詞。
以上是列舉出的TOEFL寫作中需要避免的22個錯誤,希望大家引以為戒,在備考TOEFL寫作時加以練習(xí),反復(fù)檢查更改,盡量把問題當(dāng)時找出來并能在沒有語法用句錯誤的前提下為自己的文章“添肉”,這里的“添肉”指的是打好基礎(chǔ)了就可以用些經(jīng)典句來添彩
托福寫作輔導(dǎo):避免錯誤得高分
1.結(jié)構(gòu)不平行例:I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.當(dāng)使用連詞將一系列的單詞聯(lián)接起來的時候,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用詞性相同或同一類型的短語。
2.不知所云例:Many companies began using computers mouth.
3.段落過長,不分段主語與動詞一致問題She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.主語和動詞在數(shù)方面不一致。
4.句子別扭We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.措辭過長或不清。換言之,句子顯得滑稽可笑。
5.不要使用縮寫在正式的寫作中不要使用縮寫形式(can’t,don’t,it’s,we’ll,they’ve等等),而應(yīng)當(dāng)使用單詞的完整理式(cannot,do not,it is,we will,they have等等)。
6.關(guān)聯(lián)詞語重復(fù)Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.不能在該句的主要主語和主要動詞前使用連詞。
7.句子不完整Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to getsintoscollege. For example, my friend in high school.句子沒有主要主語或主要動詞,因為其實它應(yīng)是一個從句。這是一個非常常見的錯誤,修改的方法是將兩個句子連接起來。
8.不要使用get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and gotsintosbed. Get太不正式,意思也過于含糊,不適合用在正式的場合。應(yīng)將get改為一個更加具體的單詞,如become, receive, find, achieve,等等。
9.書寫難以辨認(rèn)信息不正確I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there.傳的信息不正確,或者讓人聽起來覺得可能不正確(如果確實是正確的,應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋為什么這樣,因為讀者不認(rèn)為是正確的)。上述例句中,all的意思是百分之百;我們不能絕對地說每一件新東西都是從美國誕生的。為保險起見,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用many或most。非英語單詞Computers are very helpful and advantageable.盡管看起來象個單詞,其實不是,至少不是個英文單詞。使用這個單詞的另一種形式。
10.介詞多余I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband.在表示這種意思時此單詞不能與介詞連用。這種情況常見于downtown,home,there,here等詞。這些詞語在英語中是副詞而非名詞,因而不能在它們前面添加介詞。
11.跑題或不相關(guān)There are many reasons to buy a car, preferably a nice car.這個意思與okay for children to fail sometimes.所表達(dá)的意思很普通大多數(shù)人都已經(jīng)知道到了,因而就沒有必要再說出來。
12.標(biāo)點問題I love animals. And I like to help them. Because they are helpless. So I want to become a vet.這是一個非常普遍的問題!許多學(xué)生在句子中使用了太多的句號,尤其是當(dāng)他們用手寫的時候。
13.重復(fù)冗余Personally, I believe what the newspaper prints.一種意思的表述不止一次,或者某個詞語不必要。
14.單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)Many year ago, dinosaur roamed the Earths.單詞需要從單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),或者由復(fù)數(shù)變成單數(shù)。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨使用,應(yīng)該將其變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式或者加上限定詞(a, the, my, his, her, Gary’s, no, any, 1, 3, 50, most,等等)。
15.拼寫錯誤主語、動詞或賓語有問題I want to buy something for my mother that she will like it. There was a terrible accident happen yesterday.句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有問題 缺少主語、動詞或賓語,或者這些成分重復(fù)。
16.語氣與文章不符I was kind of mad at the guy who vociferated angry words at me. I have heard many wonderful things about such cosmopolitan cities as Paris, London, Tokyo, and Hong Kong and I would love to visit these cities to check them out.語氣與文章其他部分不相符可能是過于正式或者太不正式。
17.代詞指代不明If people do not speak the same language, it has a greater chance of miscommunication. I intend to complete my studies in the United States because they have good programs there.代詞所指代的指示詞(介詞所代替的名詞)不清楚。
18.過于籠統(tǒng)We should use our resources on Earth because the Earth is getting worse. 句子或它所表達(dá)的意思過于籠統(tǒng),不能提供多少信息。
19.動詞時態(tài)錯誤Yesterday I will go to the store because tomorrow I needed some food.動詞時態(tài)不正確檢查一下是應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時還是完成時等等。
20.選詞不恰當(dāng)I was late getting home because I lost my way.在這種情況下不應(yīng)該使用該詞可選擇更好的詞語或者所使用的詞語與文章的總體語氣不符。
21.單詞形式不當(dāng)I want to creation a great web site so that I can becoming wealth.所使用的單詞的形式不正確檢查一下應(yīng)該使用該詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞形式的哪一種。
22.用詞錯誤Even I don’t speak Spanish, I was able to find a bathroom in the department store. I gained a lot of pounds during vacation.用詞錯誤或在此種情況下該詞不是最佳用詞。
托福寫作中如何更好添加例子
在備考托福寫作的過程中,不少拿不到寫作高分的中國學(xué)生遇到的問題不是看不懂題目,也不是想不到理由,甚至也不是寫不到300字(有學(xué)生寫了470字,卻只得了fair),而是不會論證。"不會論證"這四個字幾乎就是托福寫作的死穴。ETS的考官們在OG中反復(fù)強調(diào)fully developed的重要性,說的也就是這個理兒。論證的主要方法有直接論證、舉例子、引用他人觀點和數(shù)據(jù)等等。在這里,最適合中國學(xué)生操作,也是最容易得高分的就是舉例子了。
然而,舉例子這個方法向來不為中國學(xué)生所重視。因為對于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說,舉例子實在是太容易不過了,只要寫上for example之類的提示詞,再寫上人盡皆知的諸如Einstein, Newton之類的例子就萬事大吉了。而事實上,這樣的例子考官早已經(jīng)看過成百上千遍了,怎么可能再給高分呢?
因此,要想舉出高分的例子,最好是寫兩種例子:
1)美國人所熟知的歷史、文化的例子,但一定要有一些新意,不是講爛了的Galileo, Mother Teresa之流
2)講自己身邊的故事。
若是考生能夠選用第一種例子,用得恰當(dāng)?shù)脑捵匀荒茏尶脊傺矍盀橹涣?。例如在討論媒體對人們的影響時,選用美國人所熟知的脫口秀女王Oprah Winfrey作為例子。或是在討論學(xué)生是否都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)歷史的時候,選用美國歷史上知名的總統(tǒng),如Thomas Jefferson, Herbert Hoover等進行論證都非常好。這樣做既進行了有效論證,又不落入俗套。然而,舉這類例子對于考生考前的積累要求比較高。如果距離考試還有三個月或以上的時間,我建議考生可以在考前多準(zhǔn)備一些類似的人物或事件的例子,以備考試之用。在這里,推薦給大家?guī)讉€參考的網(wǎng)站:維基百科www.wikipedia.org/,紐約時報 www.nytimes.com/, 華爾街日報 online.wsj.com/ 和 American thinker www.americanthinker.com/ 這些都是很好的收集素材的網(wǎng)站。
對于大多數(shù)備考時間比較緊的考生來說,花大量的時間去準(zhǔn)備第一種例子顯得有些不太劃算。因此,性價比比較高的第二種例子更適合于備考時間比較短的考生。托??荚噧H僅是語言能力考試,只要能用恰當(dāng)?shù)睦诱撌銮宄栴}就可以,因此用自己或身邊人的例子對于考官來說也有很大的說服力。
有的考生仍然會問,那我身邊沒有那么多的例子可以用怎么辦?這個時候,對待ETS的考官就不能這么"死心眼"了,就要學(xué)會"編例子"。但是"編例子"也要有技巧,也要讓考官信服,絕非信口胡編。在這里介紹三個小技巧,幫助你把例子編得更生動。
1) 加上姓名、時間、地點等
很多中國學(xué)生在寫例子的時候會使用"比如說有一個人……"這樣的表達(dá)。這樣的表達(dá)看起來底氣不足,且中式思維嚴(yán)重,很難受到考官青睞??忌耆梢愿挠昧硗獾谋磉_(dá)"我有一個朋友叫Jason,他在兩年前做了.事……"這樣寫就看起來舒服多了。在敘述個人類例子的時候,盡量使用具體的人名、地名和時間。這樣能使你的例子看上去更豐滿、富有細(xì)節(jié),也更像真實的事件,有說服力。
2) 與論點結(jié)合,寫出.之前和.之后的變化
需要特別注意的是,例子一定是為論證服務(wù)的,絕不能脫離主題舉例子。有的考生非常心醉于自己編出來的故事,但是卻忘了自己在寫托福作文,這個故事并不能證明你的觀點,那這樣的文章得不到高分一點也不奇怪。
這里的.指的是論點中的主題詞。例如在寫機經(jīng)中的一個題目:公共交通是否應(yīng)該免費時,有一個分論點是公共交通免費以后,私家車會減少,這樣尾氣排放得少了,環(huán)境也就變好了。這里的主題詞就是私家車的數(shù)量,例子就可以寫成N年前私家車很少,環(huán)境很好,然后私家車變多以后,環(huán)境就變差了。例子可寫成:
10 years ago, in my childhood memory, the city which I live in now is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever seen. The blue sky and the clean water were quite impressive to me. However, 3 years ago, when I came back to this city again, I was astonished by those changes. The city developed rapidly during those days.There are far more private cars than years ago on the road every day. On average, every household has one or two cars. The city may be described as "developed" now,while the sky here is never as clear as ever.
這個例子當(dāng)中所用的詞匯、句型基本都是中學(xué)所學(xué)過的。但是其中用到了我們剛才所談的第一個技巧,加上了時間細(xì)節(jié),也用到了第二個技巧,扣緊了主題,說明了有私家車變多之前和之后的變化。這個例子看上去文采平實,但卻符合托??荚嚨脑u分規(guī)范,單就這個例子而言,就是可以得到4~5分的高分的(滿分5分)。
3) 寫完例子以后,一定要再結(jié)合論點論證說理
這一點不難理解,卻是很多考生所忽視的。再強調(diào)一遍,例子的存在是為了更好地論證論點,因此在寫完例子以后,需要再加上至少1~2句話重申一下你的論點。例如上文中出現(xiàn)的例子,寫完之后,還應(yīng)再加上If the amount of the cars can be reduced, I believe it will further improve the environment here, and be beneficial to all the citizens here as well. And The free payment of pubic transportation will make this come true.這樣就是一個完整的論述段了。
以上三個小技巧可以幫助考生在短期備考之后就寫出一篇內(nèi)容充實、論證有力的托福作文。但是,不能忘記的是,任何技巧都是要通過至少練習(xí)5遍以上才能運用純熟的。所以,想拿托福寫作的高分,多多練習(xí)才是王道。
托福寫作地道表達(dá)之名詞化
新托福考試作為國外類考試,其寫作部分的用詞地道的重要性毋庸置疑。然而,由于歷史、地理和社會的原因,英民族更注重抽象思維,他們擅長用抽象的概念來表達(dá)具體的事物。他們認(rèn)為通過名詞化可以產(chǎn)生大量抽象概念,滿足英語表達(dá)抽象概念的需要。因此,擅用名詞化不僅體現(xiàn)了寫作水平,更是一種思維方式。曾經(jīng)一個針對中國幾所頂尖大學(xué)的優(yōu)秀作文的調(diào)查顯示,20篇優(yōu)秀作文中名詞化的使用頻率為7%-8%,而普通習(xí)作的使用頻率僅為5%-6%。與此同時,選用了20 篇英語國家學(xué)生的英語作文,同樣的方法統(tǒng)計出其名詞化的使用頻率為10%-15%。有人更是戲說道,老外眼中句子分為3個檔次,最差的是主動句,較好的是被動句,倒裝句等,最好的nominalization(名詞化)的句子,這樣的句子最學(xué)術(shù)最適合寫論文。那么面對這樣的差異,我們需要重新審視我們寫作中的思維方式,做到如何恰到好處又不“畫蛇添足”。
簡單說,名詞化即是動詞或形容詞被用作名詞的現(xiàn)象。比如動詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:discovery->discovery, move->movement, refuse->refusal,又比如形容詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:careless->carelessness, difficult->difficulty, intense->intensity。那么什么情況下,我們需要進行名詞化呢?
A 謂語動詞的賓語部分
原句:I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.
名詞化:I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.
B 結(jié)合被動形式
原句:If people decide without enough persuasive information,...
名詞化:If a decision is made without enough persuasive information,...
C 取代諸如從句中“the fact that”的用法
原句:The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
名詞化:My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
更好的名詞化:a. When I denied his accusations, I impressed the jury.
b. In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.
D 名詞化部分用在there is/are的后面
原句:We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
名詞化:There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
原句:The floods considerably eroded the land.
名詞化:There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.
然而,有些時候,在我們的思維方式中認(rèn)為理所應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“名詞化”時,老外認(rèn)為是沒有必要的。比如:
A 名詞化部分跟在動詞后面
原句(名詞化“冗余”):The police conducted an investigation into the matter.
改后:The police investigated the matter.
B 名詞化部分作為主語
原句:Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.
改后:We discussed a tax cut.
C 連續(xù)進行名詞化
原句:a. First, she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.
b. There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.
改后:First,she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.
D 連接部分名詞化
原句:Their cessation of hostilities was because of their personnel losses.
改后:They ceased hostilities because they lost personnel.
原句:The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.
改后:Even though the motor housing was unstable, the research staff completed the field trials.
以上這些情況是我們中國學(xué)生很常見的名詞化缺失或名詞化濫用的例子。對于新托福寫作來說,在保證基本的語言語法不出錯的基礎(chǔ)上,如果能更多地正確使用名詞化,文章不但更地道,也更易取得高分。當(dāng)然,熟練掌握名詞化不是一蹴而就的事情,平時需要多積累,多運用。
托福寫作批改指導(dǎo):怎么用詞最霸道
英文寫作反映考生綜合運用英語語言的能力,只有在宏觀和微觀兩個方面都把握得當(dāng)才能構(gòu)成一篇完美的TOEFL作文。這里的宏觀是就一篇文章的框架結(jié)構(gòu)而言的,而微觀是指一篇文章的語篇要素,即文章中表達(dá)意義的微觀單位,包括單詞、短語和句子。語篇要素運用的純熟,能很好地反映一個人的語言修養(yǎng),準(zhǔn)確的用詞、多樣化的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及精妙得體的修辭會使整篇文章熠熠生輝,極富感染力。TOEFL作文考試作為一種語言測試方式,其重點在于考查考生的英語語言水平,對語篇要素的把握在寫作TOEFL作文的過程當(dāng)中無疑是至關(guān)重要的。熟練恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\用語篇要素會令你的作文妙筆生花,卓爾不群。
語詞的選擇
寫作中用詞不準(zhǔn)確是很容易犯的毛病,good,terrible,see,nice,kind,greatly,think,know,something等詞匯在學(xué)生作文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。這些詞本身并沒有問題,是英語常用詞,但是它們表達(dá)的意思過于模糊,很多情況下,應(yīng)該使用意義更加準(zhǔn)確的詞。況且,學(xué)生老是使用這幾個詞會給人以表達(dá)形式單調(diào),詞匯量貧乏,文章缺乏感染力的印象。下面的一些例子,通過換用一、兩個準(zhǔn)確生動的詞語或是運用一些固定搭配及習(xí)語就使整個句子增色不少。
1.Original: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people’s feelings and learn to be kind.
Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people’s feelings and learn to be considerate.
亮點評析
add,kind表達(dá)的含義都比較寬泛。add可以指數(shù)量上的增加,也可以指程度的加強,對于“豐富經(jīng)驗、增加知識”這個意思,用enrich會使表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確。kind從字面意義上講是“好的、善良的”,用kind來形容人無法具體地表現(xiàn)出一個人的性格特征到底怎樣,原句中是想表達(dá)“考慮周到、體貼入微”的特點,要準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這個含義應(yīng)選擇considerate。
2. Original: Science and technology have greatly influenced our lives and our society is changing very rapidly.
Revised: Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented.
亮點評析
greatly,rapidly屬于常用詞,表示程度高、速度快,這樣的詞在表達(dá)效果上不夠具體,缺乏說服力,在修改后的句子中用了pervade every aspect of our lives就具體生動地表現(xiàn)出科技的影響力到底有多大,其影響力已滲透到我們生活的方方面面,at a speed which is quite unprecedented意為“以一種前所未有的速度”,形象地道出了變化速度之快。
3. Original: Young people tend to think that real life is as nice and interesting as it is in the novels and movies, while more experienced adults think this kind of naive daydream will only be destroyed by later experiences and every one should learn to get used to common everyday life.
Revised: Young people tend to think that real life is as dramatic and fascinating as it is in the novels and movies, while more experienced adults think this kind of naive daydream will only be destroyed by later experiences and every one should learn to get used to tedious everyday life.
亮點評析
nice,interesting,common都屬于普通詞匯,用到句子中也顯得平淡蒼白。nice的意思是“好的,令人愉快的”,interesting是“有趣的”,這兩個詞都不能準(zhǔn)確地描繪出年輕人所憧憬的美好生活,句中想表達(dá)的是年輕人認(rèn)為生活如同小說、電影一般充滿戲劇變化,激動人心,要體現(xiàn)這層含義應(yīng)該用dramatic,fascinating。dramatic表示“刺激的,戲劇性的,給人深刻印象的”,fascinating表示“具有強烈吸引力的,迷人的,使人神魂顛倒的”,這兩個詞的程度要比nice,interesting深得多,表現(xiàn)力也更強。原句用common表達(dá)實際的現(xiàn)實生活的枯燥無味是不準(zhǔn)確的,common的意思是“普通的,平常的”,普通平常的東西不一定是枯燥的,tedious是表示“(因過長、過慢或單調(diào))令人厭倦的,煩人的”,恰好傳達(dá)出現(xiàn)實生活由于瑣碎和重復(fù)而變得索然無味這種含義。
4. Original: You should compete to live in this society.
Revised: You should compete for survival; otherwise, you will be thrown out of the tide of society.
亮點評析
原句平平淡淡,只是告訴人們要在社會立足,必須競爭,但這樣一句簡單的勸告似乎缺乏說服力,修改后的句子用了compete for survival,為了生存而競爭,而且后面又添加了一個并列分句,補充說明了如果不compete的后果就是be thrown out of the tide of society,被社會的浪潮所淘汰,使用這些更加具體深刻的詞匯能夠形象生動地表現(xiàn)出競爭的慘烈。
5.Original: I really believe that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
Revised: I have a profound conviction that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
亮點評析
conviction的意思是“堅定的看法或信仰”,have a profound conclusion表示對某種看法深信不疑,作文中提出觀點的句子用have a profound conclusion會比用believe態(tài)度更堅決,立場更鮮明,而且believe這個詞非常簡單,是英語初學(xué)者就應(yīng)掌握的詞匯,換成have a profound conclusion立即增加了句子的復(fù)雜程度,體現(xiàn)了較強的語言運用能力。類似的提出觀點的表達(dá)還有:
I hold a point of view that…
I hold the opinion that…
6.Original: We know that sometimes success is measured by how much money you earn.
Revised: It does not surprise us to discover that sometimes success is measured in terms of the money you earn.
亮點評析
如上句的believe一樣,know也是非常初級的詞匯,作文中出現(xiàn)I believe that…,I know that…這樣的表達(dá)只能體現(xiàn)考生寫作技巧的稚嫩,用It does not surprise us to discover that…替換We know that…并沒有改變原句的含義,卻使全句頓時增添了亮點。
7.Original: We all know that most factories would be of no use if there were not clean water supply.
Revised: It goes without saying that most factories would be of no use if there were not clean water supply.
亮點評析
同上例一樣,know這樣的初級詞匯應(yīng)避免在作文中使用,It goes without saying that…是一個固定結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“……是不言而喻的”,常在作文中用來引經(jīng)據(jù)典或表明一個盡人皆知的道理,類似的表達(dá)還有:
An old saying goes that…
Proverb goes that…
It is universally acknowledged that…
It is generally accepted that…
8.Original: Some other people think that people should read extensively.
Revised: Another position says that people should read extensively.
亮點評析
同know,believe一樣,think也應(yīng)該盡量避免使用,修改后的句子中是用Another position says that…代替think提出另一種觀點,也可以用hold a point of view,hold the opinion這樣的短語替換。
9.Original: The unexpected win of the match give us confidence.
Revised: The unexpected win of the match boost our confidence.
亮點評析
give也屬于英語中最初級、最基本的詞匯,只表示“給,給予”這個動作,不涉及動作的性質(zhì)和狀態(tài),若表示增添信心,增強士氣,比較地道的說法是用boost confidence/morale,如:The change of management has boosted morale throughout the company. 管理模式的改變使整個公司上下士氣倍受鼓舞。
10.Original: The use of drugs has increased greatly in the last ten years.
Revised: The use of drugs has increased significantly in the last ten years.
亮點評析
greatly是一般用語,表示程度高,“很,非?!保褂孟喈?dāng)普遍而沒有新意,在寫作中應(yīng)盡量避免使用這些通俗而又陳舊的詞匯,應(yīng)換用一些更加正式,更有說服力的詞語,例如significantly表示達(dá)到了非常重要的或可觀的程度,“重大的,可觀的”,能夠具體說明藥品使用方面,增長幅度巨大。significantly還可以替換成considerably,tremendously等,同樣具有不錯的表達(dá)效果。