托福寫作評分標準中的幾個常見錯誤

為了讓大家更好的準備托福考試，小編給大家整理一些關于托?？荚囎魑牡男≈R,下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作評分標準中的幾個常見錯誤

1. 詞匯失誤

Example 1: Reading can increase my words, rich my knowledge and enlarge my eyesight。

托福寫作經驗提到這是考生在描述讀書的好處，其優(yōu)點在于在句子結構方面盡力打造排比結構。然而，詞匯失誤嚴重影響句子理解和整體效果?！白x書可增大詞匯量，增長知識，開闊眼界?！北揪渲性~匯失誤頻繁出現(xiàn)，如：increase，words，rich ;enlarge my eyesight令人費解。建議可做如下修改：

Revised: Reading can enlarge my vocabulary, enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons。

Example 2: Sometimes I play with friends from my school。

此句是典型的Chinglish，在中文中，可以說“和朋友玩”，但是不可對應為英文的“play with friends”，其意思是把朋友當成了玩具。play 用作不及物動詞時，常接介詞 with，表示“玩;玩?！?。例如：

The little boy is playing with a yoyo。

Don't play with fire. It is very dangerous。

2.用詞不當

學生們寫的作文里或多或少都會有一些用詞不當的問題，但是要注意的是一些最最基本的錯誤是托福作文中不能犯的。

In the show, if participators answer twenty problems that the host mentioned correctly, they will get five hundreds thousand U.S. dollars as a prize.

——problems應改為questions

這里的拼寫錯誤不是指在考試時候的誤打，而是本身對詞匯拼寫記憶的錯誤。

In conclusion, issue of whether parents are the best teachers is a complex one, requiring subjective judgement, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers.

——judgement應改為judgment

3.句子層面的常見失誤

考生在語法方面的錯誤主要表現(xiàn)為“主謂不一致、可數名詞單復數錯誤、時態(tài)錯誤、限定動詞和非限定動詞錯誤”等，這里就不一一贅述了。此外，還有一些句子層面的常見問題值得我們關注，現(xiàn)列舉如下：

1. Run-on Sentences (串句)

串句是不用連詞和標點而把兩個(或以上)獨立的句子串在一起的錯誤表達。有些串句是不用任何標點間隔兩個甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在該用句號時濫用逗號，忽略了英語語言中的逗號本身沒有連接句子的功能這一原則。

例如：

Rita decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。

The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well。

修改原則

First of all, children can earn money from their jobs, although there isn’t too much, but they will keep their salary gingerliness.

這里的gingerliness根本是不知所云。該句子還有以下問題：

1)該作文題目是講學生是否應該做兼職，因此children的出現(xiàn)就顯得很莫名其妙;

2)although和but是不能連用的;

3)指代不明，they不知道是指代前面的什么;

4)表達中式

The second argument-it might have been noticed by others-is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to compare parents to teachers because parents are a kind of people, teachers are a kind of vocation.

1、句子中劃線部分的表達過于中式化。

A。把原句分成兩個獨立的句子。

Rita decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer。

The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well。

B。用并列連詞連接兩個句子。

Rita decided to stop smoking, for she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。

The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well。

C。用分號連接兩個句子。

Rita decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。

The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well。

2、Fragmentary sentences (破句)

破句是把不完整的句子當作獨立的子句來寫作時發(fā)生的錯誤。常見錯誤包括：從屬連詞引起的破句，ing分詞和不定式結構引起的錯誤，增添細節(jié)引起的破句和缺少主語的破句。

例如：

After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。

修改原則：改正從屬連詞引起的破句時，可以把該從句附屬于其前或其后某個子句上。也可以去掉破句中的連詞。

I arrived in Chicago by bus and found a place to stay. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。

當然，對于其它形式的破句，可以根據不同情況給予改正。如，改正 -ing結構引起的破句時，可以把它附屬在其前或其后的某個句子上，可以添加主語，把 -ing形式改變成謂語動詞，把being形式改成作謂語的be動詞(is, are, was, were, am );改正不定式結構引起的破句時，可以把它附屬于前句上;改正添加細節(jié)引起的破句時，可以把它附屬在前面一個表達完整思想的句子上;可以給破句加上主語和動詞使它成為一個獨立子句;可以盡可能改變詞序，輔以增減詞，使破句成為前句的組成部分;改正缺少主語的破句時，可以把它附屬于前句上，也可以給破句添加主語(通常是指代前句主語的代詞形式)。

托福寫作it引導句講解

it 引導的句子

1. It is hard to imagine what _____ would look like without ____. 很難想象如果 _____ 沒有了_____，_____ 會變成什么樣子。

Residents in the disasters immediate prompt

很難想象如果現(xiàn)代社會沒有了計算機，我們的生活會變成什么樣子。

It is true that ____;however, ____. 確實____，但是____。

確實，年輕人在現(xiàn)代社會中會遇到極具挑戰(zhàn)性的困難，但是他們會想盡一切辦法去克服。______

2. It has been made easier (possible) for somebody to do. 某人很容易做某事

現(xiàn)代人很容易通過互聯(lián)網在幾秒鐘內就取得聯(lián)系。____________________________________

醫(yī)學的發(fā)展使得人們有可能比過去活得長多了。_____________________________________

3. It takes time for somebody to do something 做某事需要多少時間

對許多人來說，要適應工作上的較大變動，可能需要很長一段時間。

4.It is + 形容詞，名詞+that(whether)主語從句

It is evident (an undeniable fact)that the wide use (popularity) of computers can make lives of modern people convenient.

It is unconceivable that_____ instead of shifting(switching) it job-hopping. 可想而知(無可爭辯)，____。

可想而知，積極參加體育活動有利于身體健康。It is conceivable that taking an active part in physical exercises(being physically active) is of benefit to health.

無可爭辯, 現(xiàn)在有成千上萬的人仍過著挨餓受冬的痛苦生活。lead a miserable life of starvation and exposure to the cold.

It is a controversial issue whether we make friends with the same ideas or with the opposite(opposing) ones . 是否____，這是一個有爭議的問題。

女性是否應該參軍，這是一個有極大爭議的問題。

It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or not.

Is it a blessing or a curse whether ____ or not?

It goes without saying that ____. 毫無疑問, ____.

毫無疑問，教育在人的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。_________________________________毫無疑問，科技的巨大進步為人類帶來了許多好處。_________________________________

It is understandable(inevitable)that people’s attitudes are divergent on this controversial issue.

5. It is+副詞(commonly, widely, generally, universally)+過去分詞(said, known, believed, held, argued, noted, estimated, accepted, recognized，acknowledged)+that ____; however,____.

全世界都知道水對人類是不可缺少的。

It is universally acknowledged that ____field(sector, walk, arena circle); however, they create(yield) adverse impacts on psychological wholesome of children.

It is largely (natural) taken for granted that ____. ____ 是理所當然的。

計算機在我們日常生活中發(fā)揮著重要作用是理所當然的。

It has long been considered only right and proper (perfectly justified) to ____.

長期以來，____ 被視為____是理所應該的(完全合理的)。

上一代為下一代的成長承擔完全的責任，長期以來被視為是理所應該的。

It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism may destroy the ecological balance of some scenic resorts.

It is estimated that two thirds of the cities of our countries will be in acute shortage of fresh water by 2010.

6. It is+表示建議，命令的形容詞(necessary, essential, imperative, advisable, desirable)

+that+(should)+動詞原形

采取緊急措施與青少年非法吸毒作斗爭非常必要。

It is imperative that something urgent be done to combat the widespread use of illegal(unlawful illicit illegitimate ) drugs among teenagers(adolescents, youngsters, juveniles).

(1) It is +somebody(something)+who(that).

人類正是為了維持生態(tài)平衡，才應該保護地球上瀕危的動物物種免遭殘殺。_______________

(2) It is not until ____ that ____. 直到____才____

直到人們患了像非典和愛滋病這樣致命的疾病時，才意識到政府把更多的錢投入到醫(yī)療上的重要性。_______________________________________________________________________

7. It is no good (use, a waste of time, sense) doing. 覆水難收。________________________

It is no good blinking the fact that 不能無視 _____的事實.

8.It is high (about) time that ____. 該是____的時候了。

9. It has been____ since(before)____. 自從____來已經有____時間了。

自從計算機進入家庭以來已經有二十幾年的時間了。__________________________________

10. It is worth doing something = It is worthwhile to do = It is worthy of being done =It pays to do ________是值得的。____是劃算的。

有理由關心孩子的行為方式。

托福寫作否定句的應用

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否定句 .not so much ____ as-- 與其____不如

一個人的工資取決于他的能力和對社會的貢獻而不是他的教育背景。____________________________________________________________________

大學生參加兼職工作不是為錢，而是為更好地了解社會。_____________________________________

Not____without 不____就不， 沒有____就沒有Cannot____without = cannot____but 每次____總會

父母們不能指望孩子們不經過刻苦努力就可以成才。______________________________________

既然人類是雜食動物，所以不能離開肉類而生存。_________________________________________

我們可以在沒有商業(yè)廣告的情況下生活， 但我們不能夠沒有信息而生存。_______________________

We can live without the presence of the advertising, but we cannot

survive without information.

On no account ( by no means, in no way, under no circumstances)can we + V ____ (我們絕對不能...) 我們絕對不能忽略知識的巨大價值。_________________________________________

.be far from satisfactory遠不如人意。

介詞against, beyond, but, except, without,... 形容詞和動詞absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, neglect, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want, be devoid of, far from 短語keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at sea

a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means

The problem of ____ should be taken into account now. ____ 問題現(xiàn)在應該被考慮在內了。

大城市的交通阻塞問題現(xiàn)在應該被考慮在內了。_________________________________________

應該教會孩子學會競爭與合作。___________________________________________________

can be viewed(seen, regarded) as 可以看作是____.

大學畢業(yè)生的高薪可以看作是他們多年刻苦努力的一種回報。High salaries of celebrities can be regarded as a reward of many years’ great efforts.

托福寫作句子成分的介紹

1. 主語(名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞，句子)

2. 謂語(動詞或動詞短語)

3. 賓語(名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞，句子。跟不定式作賓語的常見動詞：want agree hope plan decide offer prefer wish intend fail desire refuse afford choose manage expect aim promise consent pretend neglect ignore omit happen determine demand threaten resolve decline propose undertake volunteer。跟動名詞作賓語的常見動詞：finish enjoy mind keep stop dislike consider suggest miss avoid regret admit acknowledge delay practice deny imagine postpone risk advocate recall resist appreciate cannot help confess escape fancy defer resent evade contemplate forgive permit detest repent。

跟雙賓語的常見動詞：ask sent show teach give bring buy find get keep lend tell write wish offer deprive

4. 表語(名詞，形容詞:某些形容詞，如careless, absurd, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, inconsiderate, greedy, money-oriented acquisitive materialistic generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, self-centered egocentric wicked, wrong等不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語。代詞，數詞，不定式，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語，句子)

5. 定語(形容詞，代詞，數詞，不定式，名詞，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語，句子)

____, which 1.is beneficial to adjusting to

2. is detrimental (hazardous)to

3. means(is equivalent to)

6. 狀語(副詞，形容詞短語, 不定式，分詞，介詞短語，名詞，句子)

7. 補語(形容詞，名詞，不定式：下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補：動詞+賓語+動詞不定式ask get prompt allow forbid prefer announce force press inspire require assist hate pronounce advise recommend bear implore remind beg induce report compel invite command intend show drive mean train cause instruct deserve leave tell direct tempt entitle order warn enable need urge encourage oblige condemn

teach entreat permit wish，分詞，介詞短語)

8. 同位語(名詞，不定式，動名詞, 句子，后跟同位語從句的常見詞fact news question proposal report altitude (latitude longitude evidence proof suggestion request idea conclusion thought notion value fiction fear)

9. 插入語(不定式，分詞，介詞短語，句子)

托福寫作whatever引導句的解析

Whether引導的句型

Whether ____or not has become a controversial issue. 是否____已成為一個有爭議的問題。

A vigorous debate over the issue whether ____or not has intrigued the public.關于是否____問題的激烈討論引起了公眾的興趣。celebrities

關于教師是否在教育領域不再起重要作用的問題的激烈討論引起了公眾的興趣。____________

關于游客應該吸收東道主國家的文化還是東道主接受外來的文化，這一問題的激烈爭議引起了公眾的興趣。__________________________________________________________________

Whether _____ has triggered more heated discussion than ever before.

The practice of ____ makes people doubt whether _____ is worthwhile.

The issue of whether ____or not has been widely debated in ____nowadays.現(xiàn)在，就是否____的問題在____展開了廣泛的討論。

現(xiàn)在，就政府該不該投資藝術的問題在社會展開了廣泛的討論。subsidize_________________________