托福閱讀到底有多難

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-09-03 10:32:34

托福閱讀到底有多難?盤點(diǎn)閱讀出題形式和難題水平,今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x到底有多難，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀到底有多難?盤點(diǎn)閱讀出題形式和難題水平

托福閱讀考試基本模式介紹

新托福閱讀考試分兩種模式：Short Format以及Long Format。前者歷時(shí)60分鐘，要求學(xué)生在規(guī)定時(shí)間里完成三篇閱讀約36-42道題目;而后者則將考試時(shí)間拉長至100分鐘，按需完成60-70道題目。

本來這對學(xué)生來說只是“小菜一碟”，但自從新托福將考試形式由筆試改為電腦操作，這對很多人來說無疑是“當(dāng)頭一棒”。也許對大多數(shù)人來說看幾個(gè)小時(shí)的網(wǎng)上新聞或是打上半天的游戲都不是什么新鮮事兒，但面對屏幕做上一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的題目倒真不是隨便可以信手拈來的。

建議各位正在準(zhǔn)備托福閱讀備考的同學(xué)，平時(shí)要養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣通過電腦來閱讀，至于閱讀的內(nèi)容將會(huì)在第四個(gè)點(diǎn)里再作詳細(xì)介紹。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)的備考和寫作的備考策略是一致的，大家可以結(jié)合起來一起準(zhǔn)備。

托福閱讀到底難在哪里?

無論是Short Format還是Longre Format，托福閱讀考試強(qiáng)度上對考生的要求都是相當(dāng)大的，新托福閱讀部分每篇文章字?jǐn)?shù)增至了700字左右。然而，在新托福閱讀當(dāng)中，對于初學(xué)者來說最難的不是單詞，而是要求在規(guī)定時(shí)間里完成規(guī)定的題數(shù)。

新托福閱讀不同于CET4、CET6，與高考也有很大區(qū)別，因?yàn)镃ET4、CET6與高考的閱讀考試大都是提供約4-5篇文章，然后出20道選擇題，要求考生根據(jù)所讀文章答題。最大的不同在于這些考試都沒有要求做完每個(gè)科目考試所用的時(shí)間。

因此很多同學(xué)在一開始做托福閱讀的時(shí)候，十分不適應(yīng)托福閱讀的時(shí)間限制，有的人甚至在考前都沒有克服這個(gè)問題。有的同學(xué)在考試前總是按一篇文章來練，認(rèn)為自己在20分鐘內(nèi)(按總的時(shí)間平均分配到每篇閱讀文章的用時(shí))完成12-14題綽綽有余。但問題在于托福考試并非一篇一篇來考，而是將3篇或5篇看作一個(gè)整體來考驗(yàn)學(xué)生對強(qiáng)度的適應(yīng)能力。

因此小編建議考生在托福閱讀備考期間一定要養(yǎng)成3篇一練或者5篇一練的習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)自己在規(guī)定時(shí)間里完成盡可能多的題數(shù)，并保證一定的正確率。

托福閱讀題型趨勢分析

托?？荚囬喿x題型的主要特點(diǎn)在于題型中增加了詞匯解釋題、填表、插入句子和完成段落等。根據(jù)新托福閱讀測試的目的，考生需要在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中著重培養(yǎng)和加強(qiáng)三種閱讀技能(即信息定位能力、速讀理解能力和研讀整理能力)，來幫自己適應(yīng)新題型。

這一點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)出新托福考試閱讀明顯雅思化，因此增加題目并不意味著增加難度，其難度體現(xiàn)在考生對題型的熟悉程度。可以說，新托福閱讀內(nèi)容的難度降低，便通過題型變化增加難度，因此閱讀理解部分并不需要過于擔(dān)心，關(guān)鍵是了解題型。

備考托福閱讀知識(shí)面和信息量要提升

大家都知道，做題基于托福閱讀讀文章的基礎(chǔ)之上，因此增進(jìn)閱讀能力會(huì)對完成題目起到至關(guān)重要的作用。在備考階段，大家要多讀各類題材的文章。新托福閱讀測試的選材大多涉及自然科學(xué) (天文、地質(zhì)、生物學(xué)等)、人文和社會(huì)科學(xué)(文學(xué)、歷史、人類學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等)以及藝術(shù)和商務(wù)等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域。多閱讀這些文章，一方面可以了解相關(guān)的常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)，同時(shí)可借此機(jī)會(huì)熟悉不同學(xué)科的常用詞匯。

各類書籍、報(bào)刊及網(wǎng)上文章都可以選擇作為練習(xí)閱讀的材料，如果是選取帶有一定學(xué)術(shù)性的文章或大學(xué)教材則是再好不過了。這一點(diǎn)大家可以結(jié)合適應(yīng)“機(jī)考”這一變化來共同實(shí)現(xiàn)更多地去選擇在電腦上閱讀文章而非實(shí)際的報(bào)紙或雜志。

關(guān)于托福閱讀出題形式和題型難度等信息小編就為大家介紹到這里，希望能幫助大家提升對閱讀的基本認(rèn)識(shí)和理解，為考試做更充分全面的準(zhǔn)備。

如何探尋托福閱讀的規(guī)律

如果你在新托福閱讀考試之前知道了這個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果，即使在考試時(shí)你沒有完全聽懂對話的內(nèi)容，你也能得出正確的答案。雖然我們不能證明這些“規(guī)律”，但是對于歷年的考題卻從不例外。當(dāng)然，如果你對自己的聽力水平評價(jià)很高的話，你可以不冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)。

但是，至少它是一個(gè)替代的方案。以下是根據(jù)歷年考題統(tǒng)計(jì)得出的結(jié)論。當(dāng)然，如果你自己發(fā)現(xiàn)了其它的某些規(guī)律，也應(yīng)該把它總結(jié)出來。

(A)當(dāng)兩個(gè)人談到吵或者安靜時(shí)，最后得出的結(jié)論總是：宿舍里讀書很吵，應(yīng)該去圖書館。而不會(huì)說搬到別的宿舍。

(B)當(dāng)對話內(nèi)容涉及演出(音樂會(huì)或者電影)或者展覽時(shí)，最后肯定說它非常好。即使他(她)不會(huì)欣賞這些展覽或者演出，也會(huì)虛偽地說“It makes more sense next time”。

(C)當(dāng)談到住在校園里還是住在校外時(shí)，答案肯定是住在校園。

(D)當(dāng)談到某門課老師講的如何時(shí)，回答肯定與“boring”相似;而當(dāng)談到課難不難時(shí)，肯定說難。

(E)對話談到作業(yè)時(shí)，肯定都說作業(yè)很多，而且很難。

看到這些可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要在托福閱讀考試中細(xì)心，什么困難都不怕。

托福閱讀素材：歐洲的巖洞藝術(shù)

Cave Art in Europe

歐洲的巖洞藝術(shù)

1.The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.

段落梗概：在發(fā)現(xiàn)的早期工藝品中，西班牙與法國南部的巖洞畫顯示出了高超的技藝，在非洲南部發(fā)掘出的自然石板畫也是如此。而且通過考古發(fā)掘發(fā)現(xiàn)，非洲繪畫與歐洲繪畫一樣歷史久遠(yuǎn);歐洲人在巖石和懸崖斷面上作畫的歷史更久。

2.The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances;(2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves;and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.

段落梗概：研究人員指出西歐洞畫的三個(gè)主要地點(diǎn)：(1)在明顯有遮蔽可供人類居住的巖石和洞穴入口處，(2)在居住的洞穴一出門的走廊上(3)在洞穴所能及的最深處

3.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.

段落梗概：繪畫的主題大部分都是動(dòng)物。在洞穴繪畫中，很少描繪人物。并猜測了原因。后石器時(shí)代的人們也相信畫人物像會(huì)引起傷害或死亡;人們在探索如何提高打獵的命中率;或許是出于增加獵物的需求而畫的畫。

4.The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.

段落梗概：研究者們的研究結(jié)果更清楚地揭示了法國西南部的巖洞畫的特殊象征性意義。研究顯示，繪畫者經(jīng)常描繪的動(dòng)物是喜歡食用的動(dòng)物或喜歡用作獸皮的動(dòng)物，另外畫作中主要描繪了繪畫者害怕的動(dòng)物。結(jié)論：在舊石器時(shí)代晚期的人的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，巖洞藝術(shù)與打獵的重要性有關(guān)。

5.Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.

段落梗概：舊石器時(shí)代晚期的藝術(shù)不僅僅局限于洞穴繪畫。許多矛桿和類似的東西上都畫了動(dòng)物作為裝飾。人類學(xué)家對舊石器時(shí)代晚期的一些雕刻品的解釋意味著舊石器時(shí)代晚期的人們已經(jīng)有了復(fù)雜的思維并對他們的環(huán)境有了一個(gè)理性的認(rèn)識(shí)。人們還在舊石器時(shí)代晚期的遺址上發(fā)現(xiàn)了以夸張的形式描繪婦女的小雕塑。

托福閱讀素材之石油資源

Petroleum Resources

石油資源

1.Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.

段落梗概：石油和天然氣都是來自海底的有機(jī)物沉淀。部分有機(jī)物分解，部分沉積。

2.Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.

段落梗概：持續(xù)的沉積——堆積物沉積到海底的過程將有機(jī)物埋在海底使之受到海底溫度、高壓的影響，最終轉(zhuǎn)變成石油和天然氣。當(dāng)泥狀沉積物被擠壓在一起時(shí)，天然氣和石油液滴會(huì)被擠出泥層，然后進(jìn)入附近的沙層。經(jīng)過很長的一個(gè)周期(數(shù)百萬年)，積聚的天然氣和石油會(huì)在沙層中聚集。

3.Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools. When an oil pool or field has been discovered, wells are drilled into the ground. Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe. Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed. When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it. Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past. Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well. Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the oil out. At a refinery, the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and various oils. Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum.

段落梗概：關(guān)于石油開采的一些介紹：包括油床、油田、井架概念的介紹;石油開采中的技術(shù)控制;以及地下的原油分離;石油用途等等。

4. As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents. More than one-quarter of the world’s oil and almost one-fifth of the world’s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway.

段落梗概：石油越來越難以找到，石油勘探已經(jīng)開始到更惡劣的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行。舉了一個(gè)例子：阿拉斯加北坡油田的開發(fā)和阿拉斯加管道建設(shè)就是成本高、難度大的例子。

5. Of course, there is far more oil underground than can be recovered. It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling. Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands. Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface. The rest is far too difficult to extract and has to remain underground.

段落梗概：地下還能發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的石油。許多石油資源都是由于開采費(fèi)用高、地理位置不能開采等原因不得不留在地下。

6.Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed. The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years;protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area. Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution. Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.

段落梗概：從地下和海底開采石油并運(yùn)送到消費(fèi)者的途中的任何地方都會(huì)產(chǎn)生環(huán)境問題。石油運(yùn)輸管道損壞造成嚴(yán)重的石油泄漏，會(huì)導(dǎo)致海上產(chǎn)生浮油。海上鉆井平臺(tái)也可能會(huì)泄露石油，導(dǎo)致海灘污染，危害環(huán)境。有時(shí)油田石油被抽取后，地面會(huì)下沉。舉例。石油煉制、燃燒也會(huì)造成空氣污染。先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和嚴(yán)格的法律正在控制這些對環(huán)境的不利影響。

疑難詞：

petroleum n. 石油

marine adj. 船舶的;航海的，海運(yùn)的

sediment n. 沉積;沉淀物

decompose vt. 分解;腐爛vi. 分解;使腐爛

convert vi. 轉(zhuǎn)變，變換

droplet n. 小滴，微滴

squeeze n. 壓榨;緊握v. 擠;緊握;勒索

saturate adj. 浸透的，飽和的

drill vt. 鉆孔;訓(xùn)練;條播vi. 鉆孔

portable adj. 手提的，便攜式的

dismantle vt. 拆除;取消vi. 可拆卸