托福閱讀熟詞僻義內(nèi)容

陳鈴1147由分享時間：2020-10-10 08:53:19

在托?？荚囍?，托福閱讀的文章中，經(jīng)常也會出現(xiàn)一些熟詞，但是意思與我們往常知道的并不相同，不理解其中的意思很有可能帶來托?？奸喿x中的理解錯誤，下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀熟詞僻義內(nèi)容匯總，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀熟詞僻義內(nèi)容匯總

1.exercise

【常用釋義】

v.鍛煉;練習(xí)

【生僻釋義】

v. 實(shí)施，運(yùn)用

托福例句：They exercised an influence far in excess of their numbers.(官方真題Official46-2 The Commercial Revolution in Medieval Europe)

解析：exercise 常用的含義為名詞或動詞的“鍛煉”。而在托福閱讀中，經(jīng)常會考察到“實(shí)施，使用”的意思，常用搭配是to exercise considerable or a great deal of influence over sb./sth.對某人/某事物產(chǎn)生很大影響，或者to exercise care in doing [something]小心做某事。本句理解為，他們發(fā)揮的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們的人口數(shù)量。

2.consume

【常用釋義】

v. 用盡, 消耗, 花費(fèi)(某事物)

【生僻釋義】

v. 燒毀;毀滅

托福例句：The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland. (OG10 Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction)

解析：consume大家比較熟悉的意思是“消耗;用盡”的含義，同義詞是destroy。而在托福中，也會考察到consume作“燒毀, 毀滅”的含義。另外，本句需要注意有多個定語從句修飾和現(xiàn)在分詞修飾。本句釋義：據(jù)估計，爆炸過程還產(chǎn)生了大量的硝酸和被溶解的巖漿并噴出地球外，造成了大面積火災(zāi)，大部分的森林和草原被燃盡。

3.impact

【常用釋義】

n.&v. 影響

【生僻釋義】

n. 撞擊

托福例句：There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effects on Earth, particularly in the field of biological evolution.(OG10 Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction)

解析：impact常見意思為“影響”，可用動詞和名詞，經(jīng)常和“on”一起搭配使用，常用短語“have an impact on sth”或者直接當(dāng)動詞使用“impact on sth”。而在天文學(xué)的篇章中impact常見的意思為“撞擊”，例句中的impact就是“撞擊”的意思。整句話的翻譯為：“有越來越多的證據(jù)表明隕石的撞擊對地球有著重要的影響，特別是在生物進(jìn)化領(lǐng)域?！?/p>

4.picture

【常用釋義】

n.圖畫;照片

【生僻釋義】

1.v.描繪

托福例句：Because some paintings were made directly over others, obliterating them, it is probable that a painting’s value ended with the migration it pictured.(OG Lascaux Cave Paintings)

解析：picture做“描繪”解，類似于describe，常用詞組為be pictured as：“被描繪為…”。這個含義大家應(yīng)該能想象到。在本句話中需要注意代詞的指代對象，them是指“other paintings”，倒數(shù)第二個it是指“a painting”。此外it pictured 為修飾migration的定語從句。整句話的意思，因?yàn)橛行┊嬛苯赢嬙诹硪恍┊嬌厦?，把原有畫面擦掉了，所以有可能這幅畫的價值隨著它所描繪遷徙過程的結(jié)束而結(jié)束了。

2.n.情形，情況

托福例句：By contrast, any explanation that focuses strictly on the dinosaurs completely misses the point. The Cretaceous extinctions were a global phenomenon, and dinosaurs were just a part of a bigger picture. (官方真題Official42-2 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction)

解析：picture作為名詞解，除了圖片的意思外還有“情形/情況”的意思，常見的詞組有“to be in the picture- 了解情況，to put/keep sb. in the picture-讓某人了解情況，to see the bigger picture-關(guān)注大局”。這一意思在托福中也多次考察。本句的翻譯為：相反，任何只關(guān)注于恐龍的解釋都完全偏離了正確方向。白堊紀(jì)的滅絕是一個全球性的現(xiàn)象，而恐龍只是整體情況的一部分。”

5.grain

【常用釋義】

n. 谷物

【生僻釋義】

1. n. 顆粒物

托福例句: The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel.(官方真題Official 1-3 Groundwater)

解析：在這里grain用了顆粒物的含義。整個句子意為，最常見的空間是在松散、未固化的砂礫的顆粒物之間—如沙子顆粒和小鵝卵石。這里的grain和particle的含義類似。

2. n. 紋理

托福例句：Most of the organic matter is buried in clay that is slowly converted to a fine-grained sedimentary rock known as shale.

解析：grain除了“谷物”和“顆?！钡暮x外，在托福中還會考察到“紋理”的意思，而最常見的短語結(jié)構(gòu)就是本句中的“fine-grained”，意為“紋理精細(xì)的”。這個短語在地質(zhì)學(xué)的文章中出現(xiàn)的頻率非常高。整句意為，大部分的有機(jī)物質(zhì)會被掩埋在黏土中，而黏土?xí)剞D(zhuǎn)變成紋理精細(xì)的沉積巖，被稱為頁巖。

托福閱讀背景素材之戀愛能讓人更聰明嗎

1. Marry someone similar to you, if a bit smarter

找一個和你一樣聰明、甚至更聰明的人結(jié)婚

A Seattle Longitudinal Study found that the moststable relationships were those in which people weresimilar in intelligence, flexibility of attitudes, social responsibility, and education levels. Researchers also found that after 14 years together, spouses with the better grasp of verbal meaningsand word fluency had pulled the lower-functioningspouses up to their level.

一項西雅圖縱向研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在智力、態(tài)度靈活性、社會責(zé)任感以及教育水平方面相似的夫妻，關(guān)系最穩(wěn)定。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，共同生活14年后，夫妻雙方中對語義和語言流暢性掌握得更好的一方，會將另一方的能力也提升到和自己相同的水平。

2. Hold hands whenever possible

只要可能，牽住愛人的手

In addition to creating feelings of warmth and closeness, holding hands can help inoculateyou from stress. One study using brain scans found that when married women were told theywere about to receive an electric shock, just holding their husbands' hands minimized theirbrains' response to the threat. Women in the closest relationships experienced the greatestdecrease in stress-related brain activity.

手牽手不僅可以讓人產(chǎn)生溫暖和親近的感覺，還可以幫助你減輕壓力。一項研究通過腦部掃描發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)妻子得知她們要接受一次電擊，握住丈夫的手會讓她們的大腦對于這次威脅的反應(yīng)減到最小。而妻子和丈夫的關(guān)系越親密，她們的大腦對壓力產(chǎn)生的反應(yīng)也就越小。

3. Kiss at least once a day

每天至少接吻一次

This intimate touch triggers the release of the bonding hormone oxytocin and lowerslevels of the stress hormone cortisol - but that's not all. Researchers say that when we kiss, we activate nearly half of the cranial nerves that affect cerebral function. All of the sensoryinformation of a kiss - the smell and warmth of your partner's skin, the taste and feel of soft lips - shoots into your brain, delighting your neurons and forging new connections.

這種親密接觸會促進(jìn)腦下垂體后葉荷爾蒙的分泌，而且會降低壓力激素皮質(zhì)醇的水平。不僅如此，研究人員稱當(dāng)人們接吻時，我們會調(diào)動將近一半可以影響大腦功能的腦神經(jīng)。所有關(guān)于接吻的感官信息——你伴侶身上的味道和溫度、柔軟雙唇的觸覺和感覺——會全部發(fā)送到你的大腦中，這會讓你的神經(jīng)元興奮，并產(chǎn)生新的聯(lián)系。

4. Put pictures of your honey on your desk

把愛人的照片擺在桌上

Brain scans show that looking at a photo of your beloved, especially in the early stages ofyour relationship, activates a part of the brain associated with pleasure and reward as well asfocused attention and motivation. When you're in the throes of new love, your prefrontal cortexalso gets into the action, anticipating more time together and planning future events.

腦部掃描表明，注視愛人的照片會激活大腦中和愉悅相關(guān)的某個部分，從而有助于注意力集中、更有積極性。對于戀愛初期的人來說更是如此。當(dāng)你陷入愛情的苦惱時，你的前額皮質(zhì)也會活躍，你會期望更多的相處時間并對未來做出計劃。

5. Just be together

和愛人在一起

One study found that average blood pressure was lower when a person spent time with hisor her spouse than when they spent time alone or with other people. Even if you don't talk, just spend time in the same room, reading, watching TV, surfing the web, or doing crosswordpuzzles.

一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們和伴侶在一起時，他們血壓的平均值會比自己獨(dú)處或和其他人相處時要低。哪怕你和愛人并不交談，只是坐在同一間房里，看書、看電視、上網(wǎng)，或者做填字游戲。

托福閱讀真題原題+題目

Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American settlers on America's urban frontier in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.

The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction — as well as the expanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.

Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.

1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Technological developments

(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities

(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization

2. The word influx in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) working

(B) processing

(D) attraction

3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss

(A) foreign immigration

(B) rural life

(D) famous cities of the twentieth century