托福閱讀提升整體理解這5類邏輯信號詞

想要快速理解托福閱讀的文章，考生需要學會把握文章句子和段落之間存在的各類邏輯關系。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x提升整體理解這5類邏輯信號詞。希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀提升整體理解這5類邏輯信號詞不可不知

1.顯示相同信息的信號詞

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“l(fā)ikewise”這一信號詞顯示了前面所提到的idea后面還要再一次出現(xiàn)。因此，閱讀時見到這樣的信號詞無須放慢閱讀速度。這樣的信號詞還包括：

and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.顯示思路轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞

I'd like to go but I'm too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向讀者顯示了作者的思路在這里有了轉(zhuǎn)折。閱讀時，碰到這樣的信號詞我們需放慢閱讀速度，以準確獲取作者真正想要說明的意思。這類信號詞還有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.顯示因果關系的信號詞

As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因為飛行員們的罷工;飛行員們的罷工導致了所有的航班不得不被取消。顯示因果關系的信號詞還有：

for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.顯示順序的信號詞

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second,the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了這樣的信號詞就把握住了作者敘述的順序，也就分清了相對獨立的論據(jù)。這樣的信號詞包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.表示結論/總結的信號詞

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

詞組“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息將在這里被歸納總結。讀到帶有這樣的信號詞或短語的句子時，應格外留心注意，它們往往會向我們提示相關段落的核心信息。表示結論或總結的信號詞和短語還有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

以上就是托福閱讀中用來判斷句子段落邏輯關系的5大類信號詞匯總，希望大家能夠?qū)@些常見詞匯有所了解，提升對托福閱讀文章的理解速度和掌握深度。

新托福閱讀解析:The Origin And Rise of Modern Birds

學科分類：生物類

題目：The Origin And Rise of Modern Birds

內(nèi)容回憶：

第1段：指出all bird groups are classified as Neornithes, 科學家使用K-T extinction作為新舊鳥類的dividing line.

第2段：傳統(tǒng)認為modern birds 起源于cenozoic。

第3段：指出有新的研究利用 molecule time estimation得出modern birds實際上起源于Cretaceous.

第4段：指出盡管 molecule time estimation是根源于gene sequence，但是不能解釋導致mass extinction產(chǎn)生的evolution process.

托福閱讀長難句分析:忍受苦難

【句】

Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. ----The Declaration of Independence

【詞】

prudence= n.審慎

dictate= v.口述;規(guī)定

transient= a.短暫的

accordingly= ad.因此

disposed= a.愿意的;傾向的

sufferable= a.可容忍的

right= v.糾正;恢復

abolish= v.廢除

accustomed= a.習慣的

【主干】

Prudence will dictate that + 賓語從句1

【賓語從句1主干】

governments should not be changed; and accordingly all experience hath shown that+賓語從句2

【賓語從句2主干】

mankind are more disposed to suffer than to right themselves

【成分分析】

long established 定語，修飾governments

for light and transient causes 狀語

, while evils are sufferable, 插入語

by abolishing the forms 狀語

to which they are accustomed.定語，修飾forms

【譯】

若真要審慎的來說，成立多年的政府是不應當由于無關緊要的和一時的原因而予以更換的。過去的一切經(jīng)驗都說明，任何苦難，只要尚能忍受，人類還是情愿忍受，也不想為申冤而廢除他們久已習慣了的政府形式。

托福閱讀長難句分析:技術變革的作用

In most established industries, however, technological change played little role, as in the past, new customers were sought by developing novel products based on existing technologies, such as a new type of woolen cloth with the texture of silk. ——TOEFL, Early Modern Industrialization

看到novel，大部分童鞋首先想到“小說”，但在這語境里，則明顯說不通了~(ノへ￣、)

原來在字典里，novel還可以做形容詞，表示“新穎的，新奇的”.

來看英文釋義：

Novel things are new and different from anything that has been done, experienced, or made before.

回到剛才的句子，novel products就是指“新奇的產(chǎn)品”。

整個句子的意思就是：

然而，在大多數(shù)成熟行業(yè)中，技術變革發(fā)揮的作用不大，因為在過去，可以通過開發(fā)以現(xiàn)有技術為基礎的新型產(chǎn)品獲得新客戶，如新型絲綢質(zhì)地的羊毛布。

新托福閱讀題目解析

考題1 　　The phrase "this respect" in the passage refers to 　　A. enormous variations 　　B. being smaller 　　C. number of inhabitants 　　D. shared characteristics 　　解析： 　　難點一，很多考生誤以為這是詞匯題，而詞匯題的通常問法是：The word/phrase "…" is closest in meaning to。這道題題干中的“refers to”表明這是代詞指代題，需要讀懂句子找清前后指代關系; 　　難點二，很多人不知道respect有名詞用法，=aspect，表“方面”; 　　難點三，回到原文讀考句，讀不懂。該句為： One may call them towns because even though they varied enormously in numbers of inhabitants, and some were smaller than large villages in this respect, they shared certain characteristics that set them off from rural settlements. 表明從居民數(shù)量的方面來看，一些城鎮(zhèn)比大村莊的居民數(shù)量還少，但它們?nèi)匀皇浅擎?zhèn)，共享著區(qū)別于村莊的某些特征。所以此題正確答案是C。 　　考題2 　　Because what distinguished towns from villages was not so much size as the density of economic and social activities, one writer has argued that an important criterion for town is the existence of traffic jams—the hustle and bustle of oxcarts, long lines of wagons bringing fruits and vegetables, raw materials, and finished goods to markets, and the parade of men and women coming to shop, visit, or attend meetings. 　　解析： 　　這是句子簡化題所在考句，考點在于“not so much A…as B”句式真正意義的考查。在這里，否定A，而肯定B。即城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)別于村莊的特征并不是其規(guī)模大小，而是其經(jīng)濟活動和社會活動的密集度。同樣的句式表達還有l(wèi)ess A than B。反過來，more A than B，就是肯定A而否定B了。這一考點在同一篇文章中又再次考到，看下題。 　　考題3 　　考句：In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns. Growth came less from the creation of new towns than from the flow of immigrants to old settlements. 　　It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that urban growth in southern Europe was marked by 　　A. more people in a greater number of towns 　　B. more people in the same number of towns 　　C. development of new settlement patterns 　　D. movement of people into newly created towns 　　解析： 　　第一句話“In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns.”屬于抽象語言，對抽象語言的理解，一靠大量閱讀的積淀，二靠向下文尋找具體對應。此句中的抽象概念“more continuity from earlier settlement patterns”，具體對應到下句的“the flow of immigrants to old settlements”。因為“l(fā)ess A than B”中，A是否定內(nèi)容，B才是作者重點敘述的肯定內(nèi)容。 　　所以綜合兩句信息來看，南歐地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)的增長是來自于移民涌入原有的老的定居點，而不是去建造新的定居點/新城鎮(zhèn)。所以正確答案選B。