托福閱讀提分要學(xué)會辨認(rèn)這6大類錯誤選項(xiàng)

托福閱讀的考試難點(diǎn)之一在于選項(xiàng)干擾，許多時候考生都是因?yàn)闊o法分清題目中的誤導(dǎo)選項(xiàng)而被干擾了解題思路才會選錯答案。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x提分要學(xué)會辨認(rèn)這6大類錯誤選項(xiàng)。希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀提分要學(xué)會辨認(rèn)這6大類錯誤選項(xiàng)

托福閱讀6大誤導(dǎo)選項(xiàng)盤點(diǎn)

托福閱讀中存在的誤導(dǎo)選項(xiàng)主要有以下幾類：

1. 偏題選項(xiàng)

這類選項(xiàng)比較隱蔽，其表現(xiàn)形式往往是內(nèi)容本身是正確的，但說偏了沒抓住重點(diǎn)，不是文章的主線?？忌苋菀赘_選項(xiàng)混淆而選擇它。不同于未提及項(xiàng)，這類選項(xiàng)在文中是有所涉及的，因此也更具有欺騙性，考生需要先明確題目所問問題才能避免被偏題項(xiàng)干擾思路。

2. 反義選項(xiàng)

有些題目本身比較長，加上一些否定和雙重否定等，考生就容易理解錯誤，而特別設(shè)置的部分反義項(xiàng)，就往往會等著考生自己被繞暈了以后自投羅網(wǎng)。這些選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)是和其它選項(xiàng)的意思完全相反，乍看之下非常顯眼，但實(shí)際上卻并非正確答案。小編建議大家仔細(xì)讀題，把反義否定等關(guān)系搞清楚再解答。

3. 錯位選項(xiàng)

還有些錯誤選項(xiàng)，主題和修飾錯位，或者把不相關(guān)的內(nèi)容拼湊在一起，看似哪邊都沾一點(diǎn)關(guān)系，其實(shí)本身卻是錯位選項(xiàng)，也很容易影響考生的判斷。這種選項(xiàng)同樣具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，可能選項(xiàng)中部分選取了文章內(nèi)容，但之后引導(dǎo)出的結(jié)論卻和文章完全沒有關(guān)系，也是考驗(yàn)大家對于文章細(xì)節(jié)記憶能力的干擾項(xiàng)，最好的應(yīng)對方法是閱讀過程中多做標(biāo)記定位，解題時適當(dāng)參考就可以避免錯位混淆。

4. 極端選項(xiàng)

極端項(xiàng)其實(shí)是比較明顯的錯誤干擾選項(xiàng)，常會使用一些代表主觀判斷的最高級詞匯比如best/most/least，唯一性詞匯比如only、alone或者比較級詞匯比如better、worse等。這些選項(xiàng)表現(xiàn)出一種極端的不容否定的態(tài)度?？此坪苡械览砥鋵?shí)卻并正確。這類選項(xiàng)由于標(biāo)志明顯，所以熟悉套路以后反而很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，考生也會主動去注意那些極端詞匯，稍加留意就不會中招了。

5. 未提選項(xiàng)

這種錯誤選項(xiàng)陷阱也比較常見，故意給出一些看似很有聯(lián)系的新信息點(diǎn)，說得頭頭是道，考生如果因?yàn)槲恼缕^長沒有閱讀全文，就會以為自己沒看仔細(xì)，其實(shí)這些所謂的信息都是一些根本沒有出現(xiàn)在文章中完全和題目無關(guān)的未提及選項(xiàng)。這類選項(xiàng)同樣很好辨認(rèn)，看似涉及到了細(xì)節(jié)，但實(shí)際上并沒有在文章中提到，大家面對閱讀要學(xué)會根據(jù)文章所提內(nèi)容進(jìn)行選擇，千萬不要自己想當(dāng)然，只要能做到這點(diǎn)，那么這種類型的干擾錯誤選項(xiàng)就無用武之地了。

6. 主觀選項(xiàng)

這種錯誤選項(xiàng)的制定思路是根據(jù)一些常識性的推斷，引導(dǎo)考生做出的判斷，其本身帶有很強(qiáng)的主觀性，而并不是客觀的事實(shí)，如果考生不加注意就很容易被帶歪思路。類似上文的未提項(xiàng)，這類主觀項(xiàng)同樣是建立在看似迎合實(shí)則錯誤引導(dǎo)考生思路的做法上的。大家在閱讀過程中應(yīng)學(xué)會以文章內(nèi)容為主，不要想當(dāng)然地去結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行聯(lián)想。腳踏實(shí)地才能做好這類題目。

了解誤導(dǎo)選項(xiàng)提升閱讀解題速度

之所以要特別列出閱讀中的錯誤選項(xiàng)，是因?yàn)檫@種選項(xiàng)對于考生閱讀部分的正確率殺傷率極高。比起其它流程更短的部分比如聽力或是口語，托福閱讀要解題首先就要讀文章，很多考生讀完文章，特別是長篇文章后，本身思路已經(jīng)有些混亂，再被這些干擾選項(xiàng)禍害一下，很容易就會出現(xiàn)連續(xù)錯誤。而許多考生對于托福閱讀存在的畏懼情緒和心理陰影，其實(shí)也往往是由錯誤選項(xiàng)導(dǎo)致的。

托福閱讀長難句練習(xí)：工業(yè)時代歐洲人口

In the early 1950’s，historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)began ， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political　and social elite：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local　magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.

= In the early 1950’s/，historians/ who studied preindustrial Europe/ (which we may define here as Europe/ in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)/ began/， for the first time/ in large numbers/，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population/ than the 2 or 3 percent/ who comprised the political and social elite/：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local　magnates/ who had hitherto/ usually filled history books.

#在二十世紀(jì)五十年代早期/，史學(xué)家們/研究前工業(yè)時代歐洲的/(我們可將其定義為歐洲/這一時期的約自1300至1800)/開始/，首次/很多人/，調(diào)查前工業(yè)時代歐洲人口/超出于百分之二或三的/那些人口(百分之二或三的)構(gòu)成了政治與社會精英/：國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方官/，他們曾經(jīng)充斥于史學(xué)著作。

托福閱讀長難句練習(xí)：美國黑人種族歧視

1. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.

1、對于針對美國黑人的種族歧視，他的理論相對成立得較好，但是他將種族偏見如此定義：“在某一特定區(qū)域內(nèi)的種族競爭中被普遍接受的一個種族所受到的基于種族的負(fù)面偏見?！笨梢钥醋饕舶袑ο蠹又莸闹袊艘约爸惺兰o(jì)的猶太人等少數(shù)民族的敵視。

2. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining — the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

2、加特曼確鑿地說明黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定鼓勵了黑人文化遺產(chǎn)的傳遞和維護(hù)，這些遺產(chǎn)包括從一代傳到另一代的民間傳說，音樂，和宗教表述，這些遺產(chǎn)使非洲和美洲的奴隸們特色顯著。

3. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on , is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.

3、即使社會系統(tǒng)的民間知識中像掙錢，花費(fèi)，組織，婚嫁，政治活動的參與，以及戰(zhàn)斗等等，都與從社會科學(xué)中衍生出來更加精細(xì)的社會系統(tǒng)描述相差不多，盡管它是建立在一個不太完善的個人經(jīng)驗(yàn)上的模型。

. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.

4、有幾項(xiàng)措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保護(hù)動物利益為目標(biāo)的組織都明確宣布他們對于人類所受到的暴力襲擊表決堅(jiān)定的立場、

5. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types, however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

5、用其他方式來展示神經(jīng)類型的細(xì)微差別也是可能的，然而，要證明脈沖質(zhì)量和傳導(dǎo)受到這些差別的影響還缺乏證據(jù)，看起來這些差別影響的是神經(jīng)單元的發(fā)展形成方式。

6. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence for this view.

6、根據(jù)這一理論，不是由感覺神經(jīng)脈沖的質(zhì)量來決定他們產(chǎn)生的各種神經(jīng)感覺的，而是由他們被發(fā)射到大腦的哪一部位來決定的，對這一觀點(diǎn)是有證據(jù)的。

7. The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution, a bimodal distribution is produced, one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces, the other of the larger remains.

7、磨擦的結(jié)果是，在葉面上服從正態(tài)分布的地方就會產(chǎn)生兩種分布方式，頂點(diǎn)上主要是小塊，其他的地方是小塊，其他的地方是大塊的地方。

8. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable difference of opinion.

8、圣經(jīng)沒有告訴我們羅馬的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)者們怎樣達(dá)到我們今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測的可靠性的，我們進(jìn)一步思考的話，其中的意見上有很大的不同。

9. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer. 9、在英國進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查證實(shí)經(jīng)常接受X光照射的脊椎關(guān)節(jié)炎患者癌癥的百分比高得不正常。

10. Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.

10、然而，穿過太空的港灣，那里的意識對于我們的來說就像我們的意識比動物的意識一樣，冷酷廣博而無情的智慧，用嫉妒的眼睛看作地球，慢慢地肯定會制定針對我們的計(jì)劃。(翻譯)

托福閱讀長難句練習(xí)：私人雇主歧視現(xiàn)象

1. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.

1、根據(jù)政府和私人雇主的性質(zhì)來看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧視。

2. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.

2、這種化合物通過碳的釋放來實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)，主要依靠喜氧和厭氧細(xì)菌以及一些菌類的活動。

3. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.

3、一場激烈的爭論在一個女孩和一位少校中展開了，前者說女人們已經(jīng)不再“看到老鼠就從椅子上跳起來”了，而后者說她們依然那樣。

4. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.

4、他們在嘗試尋找是否我們教授孩子們語言的方法中有阻礙孩子們迅速學(xué)習(xí)語言的東西。

5. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.

5、使用計(jì)算機(jī)來拷貝大腦工作方式的數(shù)學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)即使使用最先進(jìn)的電子設(shè)備，他們也要建造一臺超過10，000公斤的計(jì)算機(jī)。

6. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.

6、既然不同的人們在他們的業(yè)余時間做不同的事情，我們可以列出一長串愛好列表，包括從收集火柴盒到養(yǎng)珍稀魚類以及學(xué)習(xí)星學(xué)和制造航模等各種消遣。

7. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.

7、他們知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的熱氣會使冰面上出現(xiàn)洞口，于是他們就在洞旁守侯并捕殺海豹。

8. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.

8、只要一個人沒有屬于其他人種的明顯的特征，我們就可以判斷他是否屬于白色人種。

9. Although signs of dishonesty in school , business and government seem much more numerous in years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?

9、盡管在學(xué)校，企業(yè)和政府中不誠實(shí)的欺詐行為近年來比以往都要多，大那也許是因?yàn)槲覀冊谶@些方面加大了揭露的力度。

10. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.

10、并不是與獨(dú)立理論不一致，而是與其應(yīng)用不相符合：愛情小說可以以任何一種形式展現(xiàn)或者根本沒有特殊的規(guī)律，他們沒有累積效果，就象現(xiàn)代小說家的作品一樣獨(dú)立。