GRE閱讀之抓住特點(diǎn)提高能力

換湯不換藥的GRE閱讀 ,抓住特點(diǎn)提高能力，我們來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

換湯不換藥的GRE閱讀 抓住特點(diǎn)提高能力

GRE閱讀對于很多備考的考生而言都是最硬的骨頭，有的考生復(fù)習(xí)一兩個月都沒明顯效果，甚至還沒有不練習(xí)的時間正確率高，這是因?yàn)榭忌鷽]抓住GRE閱讀的特點(diǎn)，沒有掌握提高GRE閱讀行之有效的方法。所以今天本文為考生分享改革之后的換湯不換藥的GRE閱讀。GRE考試對詞匯量的具體要求是多少?4點(diǎn)分析給你答案

1. GRE閱讀改革之后

GRE閱讀雖然經(jīng)歷過一次改革，筆考和機(jī)考中的閱讀文章數(shù)量，題目數(shù)量都變有所不同，但是閱讀文章的特點(diǎn)、句子和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系以及所考察的基本知識點(diǎn)和題目類型幾乎沒有太大的變化。

2. 句子和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系沒有變化

有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性：

A. 表現(xiàn)在文章的布局和題目的設(shè)立;

B. 需要重點(diǎn)讀透徹段落之間、觀點(diǎn)之間、不同人物之間、不同事件之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系;

C. 實(shí)踐表明ETS對閱讀文章邏輯關(guān)系的考查要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于對文章內(nèi)容的考查，所以把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)是閱讀的重中之重。

3. 閱讀文章的特點(diǎn)沒有變化

敘述語氣的客觀性：

在GRE閱讀文章中通常沒有絕對正確的觀點(diǎn)、理論也沒有絕對錯誤的觀點(diǎn)、理論，只有絕對的客觀。

考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容固定、范圍集中：

這一特點(diǎn)使得我們可以對其考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)，然后在讀文章時就對考點(diǎn)給以關(guān)注并且做上相應(yīng)的符號。

A. 事物、觀點(diǎn)、理論、方法的缺陷;

B. 事物、人物之間的異同點(diǎn);

C. 比較級等等。

4.文章結(jié)構(gòu)與出題方式的沒有變化

這一點(diǎn)使得我們可以對其題型進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析，并對所有的題型給出最佳的解決方法和相應(yīng)的解題技巧。

5.作者態(tài)度有規(guī)律性沒有變化

A. 對舊觀點(diǎn)、傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)、大多數(shù)人的觀點(diǎn)永遠(yuǎn)持負(fù)態(tài)度，對有創(chuàng)新意義的新觀點(diǎn)、新想法永遠(yuǎn)持正態(tài)度，即喜新厭舊。所以，看到用old, many years ago, frequently, traditionally等詞匯所限定的觀點(diǎn)、事物，讀者立刻可斷定作者是對此持負(fù)態(tài)度;而看到用new, recently, novel等詞匯所限定的觀點(diǎn)、事物，讀者立刻可以判定作者是對此持正態(tài)度的。

B. 對于用政治傾向來評價文學(xué)作品的觀點(diǎn)，作者一貫反對。

C. 作者總是傾向于弱勢群體，向來都是維護(hù)黑人、印第安人、婦女的權(quán)益，向來肯定女權(quán)主義者，并且總是認(rèn)為婦女解放運(yùn)動還不夠徹底，力度還不夠，女權(quán)主義者應(yīng)該還能做得更好。

D. 對某些特定理論，作者常常持有特定的態(tài)度：

a. 對達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論，一貫反對，所以只要出現(xiàn)生物進(jìn)化論、環(huán)境適應(yīng)性選擇、趨同性等類似觀點(diǎn)，作者一貫批評、挖苦、打擊;

b. 對馬克思主義也是一貫持有負(fù)態(tài)度;

c. 對弗洛伊德的理論也是持負(fù)態(tài)度的;

d. 在生命自然科學(xué)類文章：表現(xiàn)為關(guān)注科學(xué)：對環(huán)境問題 (溫室效應(yīng)，厄爾尼諾，汽車尾氣) 非常關(guān)注并盼望解決;

e. 對新觀點(diǎn)新材料以正評價為主，有時會提到缺陷，但不影響主態(tài)度。

以上5個大方面的總結(jié)就是本文將新舊GRE對比得出的結(jié)論，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)新舊gre對考生的要求在實(shí)質(zhì)中是沒有變化的，我們不要被表面現(xiàn)象迷惑了。望考生能夠認(rèn)真閱讀，不斷提高自己的閱讀能力。

GRE閱讀熱門課外材料 你還在根據(jù)樹木的年輪判斷其年齡嗎?小心被騙了

Not always the ring of truth.The use of wood to assess past environments needs care.TREE rings are Mother Nature's history books.Researchers often look at chemicals stored in them when trying to reconstruct past environments.Like all history books, though, they can be unreliable.And in the case of one particular chemical of interest, mercury, Jose Antonio Rodriguez Martin of the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, in Madrid, and his colleagues have just shown how unreliable they are.

年輪不一定反映事實(shí)通過樹木判斷過去的環(huán)境時要小心了年輪是大自然的史書。在試圖重現(xiàn)過去的環(huán)境時，研究人員經(jīng)常會從年輪中所含的化學(xué)物質(zhì)入手。然而就和所有的史書一樣，年輪也并不怎么靠譜。通過其關(guān)注的一個特別的化學(xué)物質(zhì)-汞，西班牙國家農(nóng)業(yè)與食物研究及技術(shù)學(xué)會的何塞·安東尼奧·羅德里格斯·馬丁及其同事便剛剛證明了年輪多么不靠譜。

Dr Rodriguez Martin was studying pines on La Palma, in the Canary Islands.He knew that Hoyo Negro, one of the island's volcanoes, had erupted violently in 1949, and believed that the clouds of ash and explosive ejections of rock from the eruption had destroyed all of the pines nearby.However, as he describes in Naturwissenschaften, when he and his team examined the area, they were stunned to discover a revenant from this cataclysm just 50 metres from the crater.

羅德里格斯·馬丁博士一直在研究拉帕爾馬島上的松樹。他知道該島上的霍約內(nèi)格羅火山曾于1949年發(fā)生過劇烈噴發(fā)，并認(rèn)為噴發(fā)產(chǎn)生的火山灰及迸散的巖石摧毀了附近所有的松樹。然而，正如他在《自然科學(xué)》雜志上所說，當(dāng)他和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)對該區(qū)域進(jìn)行調(diào)查時，在離火山口僅50米的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)了一棵劫后余生的松樹，讓他們震驚不已。

Like a battle-scarred soldier, this now-great pine had many half-healed wounds in its trunk.It had survived those. It did not, however, survive Dr Rodriguez Martin's axe.He reluctantly felled it and, for comparison, collected a tree of similar age that was growing 400 metres from the eruption site, and another that was 16km away.

One unpleasant element often ejected in volcanic eruptions is mercury.That was certainly the case in 1949, as soil-sampling showed.

就像一名身經(jīng)百戰(zhàn)的士兵，這棵現(xiàn)已長成參天大樹的松樹的樹干上疤痕累累。這些傷口沒讓它倒下，但卻沒有逃過羅德里格斯·馬丁博士的斧頭。羅德里格斯·馬丁博士忍痛將它放倒，并分別從離噴發(fā)點(diǎn)400米及16千米處砍倒兩棵與其樹齡相同的松樹進(jìn)行比較?；鹕絿姲l(fā)時經(jīng)常會噴射出一種不怎么好的元素-汞。正如土壤采樣所示，1949年的火山噴發(fā)確實(shí)釋放出了汞元素。

The question was, how much of it had got into the trees·Mercury falling.When he analysed the survivor's scar tissue Dr Rodriguez Martin found high levels of the metal in it:more than 22 micrograms per kilogram of wood.That was not surprising, given that this tissue would have formed soon after the eruption.What was surprising was that the wood of the survivor tree's rings had only 2.3 micrograms of mercury per kilogram in it.

但問題是，有多少進(jìn)入了樹體中?脫落的汞當(dāng)羅德里格斯·馬丁博士分析了這棵幸存的樹上的疤痕組織后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的汞元素含量很高：每公斤木材中超過22毫克。這并不出人意料，因?yàn)樵摻M織是在火山噴發(fā)不久后形成的。出人意料的是這棵幸存的樹中年輪的木質(zhì)中每公斤僅含2.3毫克汞。

More surprising still, the rings of the other two trees were mercury-free, despite there being mercury in nearby soil.Tree rings are made of tissue called xylem.This is a set of channels that carry water and minerals from the soil to the leaves, so its composition might be expected to reflect what is in the soil.A second set of channels, the phloem, found just under a tree's bark, carries the products of photosynthesis to the roots.

更讓人大跌眼鏡的是，其他兩棵書的年輪中汞含量為零，盡管其附近的土壤中含有汞。構(gòu)成年輪的組織被稱為木質(zhì)部。這是從土壤中將水合礦物質(zhì)輸送至葉片的一組通道，所以其組分應(yīng)該能夠反映出土壤中的組分。第二組通道叫韌皮部，就長在樹皮之下，它將光合作用的產(chǎn)物輸送到樹的根部。

This tissue, however, is not preserved from year to year.When Dr Rodriguez Martin sampled the phloem of the trees he had chopped down, he found it much richer in mercury than their xylem.Phloem from the tree at the eruption site had 9.5 micrograms of the metal per kilogramThe two more distant trees had 2.9 and 2.0 respectively.The explanation for the discrepancy lay in the trees' bark.

然而該組織每年都會更新。羅德里格斯·馬丁博士對被他砍倒的樹的韌皮部采樣后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)韌皮部的汞含量比木質(zhì)部的要高。位于噴發(fā)點(diǎn)的樹上的韌皮部中每千克含有9.5毫克汞。另外兩棵較遠(yuǎn)的樹的韌皮部每千克汞含量分別為2.9及2.0。產(chǎn)生這種差異的原因就藏在樹皮之中。

This had similar mercury levels to the phloem.What Dr Rodriguez Martin reckons is going on is that trees are using their bark, which they shed continually, as a waste-disposal system.Mercury is carried there by the phloem and selectively deposited in it, rather than in the plants' more permanent parts.The metal is then got rid of when the bark is sloughed off.

樹皮的汞含量與韌皮部相近。羅德里格斯·馬丁博士認(rèn)為是這么回事：樹木將其不斷脫落樹皮當(dāng)做一種廢物處理系統(tǒng)。汞通過韌皮部被轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到樹皮中，有選擇性地在其中沉積，而非在自己不易更新的部位沉積。然后當(dāng)樹皮脫落時，其中的汞也隨之被除去。

That makes it invisible to researchers who come along later. What happens to mercury, moreover, might well happen to other toxic materials.That could throw the calculations of palaeoecologists severely out of kilter.All of which is a caution to those who read the Book of Tree Rings for clues to what happened in the past.Trees, it seems, are as good as rewriting history as people are.

這使隨后而來的研究人員無法發(fā)現(xiàn)汞的存在。而且，在汞身上出現(xiàn)的情況很可能也會出現(xiàn)在其他有毒物質(zhì)上。這會讓古生態(tài)學(xué)家的推測嚴(yán)重失準(zhǔn)。對于那些在年輪史書中尋找線索來了解過去發(fā)生了什么的人來說，所有這些都是一個警示。樹木，似乎和人一樣精于改寫歷史。

GRE考試高分搶先練習(xí)題及答案

The surface of Venus calcite, a mineral that absorbs the gas sulfur dioxide. Sulfur

dioxide is often produced by volcanic activity and is plentiful in Venus’atmosphere, so

there must be a source, perhaps volcanic, producing sulfurdioxide on Venus.

1. Whichof the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. In the recent past, the level of sulfur dioxide in Venus’ atmosphere was notmuch

higher than it is now.

B. If there is volcanic activity on the surface of Venus, it is not adequate tomaintain the

observed amount of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.

C. The sulfur dioxide in Venus’ atmosphere forms clouds that prevent direct observation of the surface.

D.Sulfur dioxide produced by volcanic activity on the Earth’s surface is also absorbed by minerals other than calcite.

E.The calcite on the surface of Venus is in sufficient supply to continue to absorb sulfur

for millions of years to come.

該題是一道假設(shè)題。文章說，金星大氣中有很多二氧化硫(sulfur dioxide ), 二氧化硫經(jīng)常由火山活動產(chǎn)生，由C(calcite )吸收。文章由此得出結(jié)論：金星表面應(yīng)該有來源，很可能是火山，正在產(chǎn)生二氧化硫。

文章推理依據(jù)什么假設(shè)呢?

解析

從文章內(nèi)容可知，決定現(xiàn)在金星大氣中是否有二氧化硫有兩個關(guān)鍵因素：

1輸入(例如火山噴發(fā))，2 輸出(被C吸收掉)。

文章關(guān)鍵推理是：從現(xiàn)在大氣中有二氧化硫，直接推出現(xiàn)在有輸入(關(guān)鍵因素1起作用)。問題很可能出在哪里?對啦，忽略了輸出的問題(關(guān)鍵因素2)。

A選項(xiàng)說，最近的過去，金星大氣中二氧化硫的水平不比現(xiàn)在高很多。這就是針對了輸出的問題(關(guān)鍵因素2)。如果是(過去比現(xiàn)在水平高很多)，就是輸出(被C吸收掉)在起作用。也就是說，未必現(xiàn)在是有輸入的(關(guān)鍵因素1)。作者的結(jié)論就被嚴(yán)重削弱了。

所以，A是正確選項(xiàng)。看懂了么?再琢磨一下。

E選項(xiàng)說，金星表面的C有充足的供給，未來幾百萬年能繼續(xù)吸收硫。

該選項(xiàng)無關(guān)。文章討論的是二氧化硫的問題，不是“硫”。

退一步說，等同“硫”和二氧化硫。說C豐富，是直接削弱文章推理思路，不是文章推理所需要的假設(shè)：把可能削弱文章推理的可能性否定掉。

GRE考試高分搶先練習(xí)題

The damage that trucks do to highwaysescalates dramatically with the weight borne per axle. New regulations increasethe maximum permitted vehicle weight; these regulations will therefore allowonto the highway trucks capable of doing even more damage than those currentlypermitted.

1. The argument is open up to criticismon the grounds that it

A. fails to establish that the level ofdamage done by trucks is a serious problem

B. omits evidence about one of the tworelevant factors

C. ignores the possibility that carefuldriving can lessen damage to highways

D. presumes that trucks are the onlyvehicles capable of causing substantial damage to highways

E. presumes that something is bound tohappen just because it is allowed to happen

大家注意：該題讓找文章推理最關(guān)鍵的漏洞。

文章結(jié)構(gòu)很簡單，說，貨車對高速公路的破壞隨軸(axle)載重量的增加而增加。

新規(guī)則提高了允許的貨車最大載重量，所以新規(guī)則將允許能對高速公路造成更大傷害的貨車上路。

選哪個呢?

解析

答案：B

解析：相信很多同學(xué)選的是E選項(xiàng)。很遺憾，選錯啦!為什么E選項(xiàng)不對，B選項(xiàng)是正確答案呢?

注意，E選項(xiàng)說，因?yàn)槟呈略试S(allow)發(fā)生所以注定(bound to)發(fā)生，而文章結(jié)論就到允許(allow)發(fā)生的層面，根本沒有對于是否“注定(bound to)發(fā)生”的判斷。千萬注意，“貨車一定會對高速公路造成更大破壞”只是我們的臆想，不是文章的結(jié)論呀!

B選項(xiàng)正確，文章推理確實(shí)犯了B選項(xiàng)所描述的錯誤：忽略了兩個關(guān)鍵因素中的一個。注意，文章說，貨車是否能對高速公路造成破壞的關(guān)鍵因素是軸(axle)載重量，軸(axle)載重量決定于兩個關(guān)鍵因素：1 總載重量，2 軸的數(shù)量。新規(guī)定只是關(guān)于總載重量，遺漏了“軸的數(shù)量”問題。