GRE閱讀考試題目來源大揭秘
GRE閱讀考試題目來源大揭秘, 看了這3點(diǎn)對能力提升絕對有用，我們來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE閱讀考試題目來源大揭秘 看了這3點(diǎn)對能力提升絕對有用
1. GRE閱讀真題來源于哪?
GRE閱讀所有的文章，都不是通過照搬照抄原有的學(xué)術(shù)論文而創(chuàng)作出來的，尤其固定的創(chuàng)作思路，一般是通過出題機(jī)構(gòu)，選擇“源文章”，然后再根據(jù)出題要求對文章進(jìn)行改編，具體流程分為以下幾個步驟：
1)源文章的搜集
對于ETS來說，常用的方法就是利用軟件，自動檢索數(shù)字論文題庫，然后篩選與考試風(fēng)格比較相似的文章，搜尋的網(wǎng)絡(luò)包含《紐約時報》、《華盛頓郵報》、American Journal of Economics and Sociology——social sciences、business Horizons —— business、Commentary —— social sciences等。GRE考試16-17年GRE考試出題規(guī)律強(qiáng)勢預(yù)測
2)文章內(nèi)容的改編
GRE閱讀真題的文章都不是信手拈來，照抄照搬的文章，選擇有用的文章，然后對部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行大量的改動，才能成為GRE閱讀真題的藍(lán)版。
改寫的方式：會大量使用分詞及從句，使句子變得更緊湊、更嚴(yán)密。文章雖然被改動，但是文章中鮮明態(tài)度以及清晰的層次結(jié)構(gòu)是不會變的。
例如：文章開始描述老觀點(diǎn)，之后描述新觀點(diǎn)，駁斥老觀點(diǎn)。那么改編之后的文章，作者對這個新觀點(diǎn)或完全同意、或持部分保留意見、或是做出有正有負(fù)的混合評價都是一定的。
3)考察點(diǎn)的設(shè)置依據(jù)
改編好文章之后，就要進(jìn)行出題點(diǎn)的設(shè)置，那么考察的依據(jù)是什么呢?
首先是對文章主題、套路、態(tài)度、結(jié)構(gòu)以及與文章的主題的考察，其次是對文中比較容易出題的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考察，最后將原文中出現(xiàn)的詞匯或句子換一種說法表達(dá)出來，選擇一些容易被考生忽略的細(xì)節(jié)作為考察點(diǎn)。
2. GRE閱讀真題所選取的題材有哪些
對于GRE閱讀真題題材的選擇與GMAT閱讀題材的選擇有所區(qū)別，GMAT閱讀題材最常見的管理類的文章，在GRE閱讀中是不涉及的。
GRE閱讀真題題材一般選擇四類文章：人文類文章、自然科學(xué)類、社會科學(xué)類和生命科學(xué)類。雖然GRE閱讀文章涉及的學(xué)科眾多，但是考生對于這些題材無需具備相關(guān)的知識準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)闉榱吮ＷC考試的公平性，考生所需要的解題的一切信息均在文章中可以找到;并且考生可以不能根據(jù)自己對相關(guān)題材的了解，而自行裁減文章的內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)。
3. GRE閱讀真題所選取的題材風(fēng)格是固定的嗎?
GRE閱讀真題所選取的題材是固定的，那么所選取的文章的風(fēng)格以及文章的類型是一樣的嗎?其實(shí)目前所有的GRE閱讀文章的風(fēng)格都很明顯，最主要的特點(diǎn)就是具有大量的沖突，例如新觀點(diǎn)代替舊觀點(diǎn)的文章，就有大量的反駁與對比的觀點(diǎn)。
綜上所述，考生對于GRE閱讀真題來自何方，相信已經(jīng)有了自己清楚的了解，那么考生在平時的復(fù)習(xí)中就應(yīng)該多加閱讀一些課外雜志和資料，多積累一些常用素材。希望在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中考生能夠更加輕松的應(yīng)對GRE閱讀。
GRE閱讀精選文章 你知道動物是如何感知時間的嗎?
Small creatures with fast metabolisms see the worldlike an action replay.FLIES live shorter lives than elephants. Of that there is no doubt. But from a fly’s point of view,does its life actually seem that much shorter? This, in essence, was the question asked byKevin Healy of Trinity College, Dublin, in a paper just published in Animal Behaviour. His answeris, possibly not.
小生物可能擁有快速代謝系統(tǒng)，眼中的世界就像慢動作回放。蒼蠅的壽命比大象短。這是毫無疑問的。但是從蒼蠅的角度來說，它的生命真的有那么短暫嗎?這是都柏林圣三一學(xué)院的Kevin Healy在《動物行為》上發(fā)表的論文中提出的問題的本質(zhì)所在。他的回答可能是否定的。
Subjective experience of time is just that—subjective. Even individual people, who can comparenotes by talking to one another, cannot know for certain that their own experience coincideswith that of others. But an objective measure which probably correlates with subjectiveexperience does exist. It is called the critical flicker-fusion frequency, or CFF, and it is thelowest frequency at which a flickering light appears to be a constant source of illumination.It measures, in other words, how fast an animal’s eyes can refresh an image and thus processinformation.
對時間的主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)就是主觀的。即使是能與彼此交談對照時間的人類也不能確定他們跟別人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)相同。但是，客觀的測量與主觀的經(jīng)驗(yàn)確實(shí)有關(guān)系。這就是所謂的臨界閃爍融合頻率，簡稱CFF，這是閃爍的光作為照明固定光源的最低頻率。換句話說，測量動物眼睛刷新圖像的速度然后處理信息。
這篇閱讀材料還有MP3音頻哦!下載>>傳送門
For people, the average CFF is 60 hertz (ie, 60 times a second). This is why the refresh-rate ona television screen is usually set at that value. Dogs have a CFF of 80Hz, which is probably whythey do not seem to like watching television. To a dog a TV programme looks like a series ofrapidly changing stills.Having the highest possible CFF would carry biological advantages, because it would allow fasterreaction to threats and opportunities. Flies, which have a CFF of 250Hz, are notoriouslydifficult to swat. A rolled up newspaper that seems to a human to be moving rapidly appears tothem to be travelling through treacle.
對人類來說，平均的CFF是60赫茲(即，每秒六十次)。這是通常設(shè)置的電視屏幕刷新率。狗狗眼睛的刷新率是80赫茲，這可能是它們不看電視的原因。對狗來說，電視節(jié)目看起來像一系列快速變化的幻燈片。有最快速的CFF會擁有生物學(xué)優(yōu)勢，因?yàn)檫@意味著面對威脅或者機(jī)會時會有更快的反應(yīng)速度。蒼蠅的CFF是250赫茲，很難被拍死。在人類看來迅速落下的一卷報紙在蒼蠅看來就想是慢動作。
Mr Healy reasoned that the main constraints on an animal’s CFF are its size and its metabolicrate. Being small means signals have less far to travel in the brain. A high metabolic ratemeans more energy is available to process them. A literature search, however, showed that noone had previously looked into the question.Fortunately for Mr Healy, this search also showed that plenty of people had looked at CFF in lotsof species for other reasons. Similarly, many other people had looked at the metabolic rates ofmany of the same species. And size data for species are ubiquitous. All he had to do,therefore, was correlate and repurpose these results. Which he did.
Healy先生推斷，動物CFF的主要限制來自于其體型及其新陳代謝速度。體型小意味著大腦中信號傳遞速度快。高代謝率意味著更多的能量處理信息。然而，一個文獻(xiàn)檢索顯示之前沒人研究過這個問題。幸運(yùn)的是，對Healy先生來說，很多人為了別的原因也研究了許多物種的CFF。同樣的，許多人也研究了許多上述物種的新陳代謝速率。物種體型大小的數(shù)據(jù)到處都是。這么一來，他需要做的就是關(guān)聯(lián)并重新利用這些結(jié)果。他這么做了。
To simplify matters he looked only at vertebrates—34 species of them. At the bottom end ofthe scale was the European eel, with a CFF of 14Hz. It was closely followed by the leatherbackturtle, at 15Hz. Tuataras clocked in at 46Hz. Hammerhead sharks tied with humans, at 60Hz,and yellowfin tuna tied with dogs at 80Hz. The top spot was occupied by the golden-mantledground squirrel, at 120Hz. And when Mr Healy plotted his accumulated CFF data against bothsize and metabolic rate (which are not, it must be admitted, independent variables, as smallanimals tend to have higher metabolic rates than large ones), he found exactly thecorrelations he had predicted.
為了簡化問題，他只看34種脊柱動物。CFF最低的是歐洲鰻鱺，只有14赫茲。緊隨其后的是棱皮龜，有15赫茲。錘頭鯊跟人類一樣，是60赫茲，黃鰭金槍魚跟狗一樣是80赫茲。最高的是地鼠，有120赫茲。當(dāng)Healy先生將他的CFF數(shù)據(jù)跟體型和新陳代謝速率聯(lián)系起來，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了相關(guān)性完全符合其預(yù)測。(必須承認(rèn)，體型和新陳代謝速率不是獨(dú)立的變量，小動物的新陳代謝速率比大型動物更快)
The upshot is that his hypothesis—that evolution pushes animals to see the world in theslowest motion possible—looks correct. Flies may seem short-lived to people, but from adipteran point of view they can thus live to a ripe old age. Remember that next time you try(and fail) to swat one.
他的假設(shè)是進(jìn)化可能讓動物更慢的速度看世界，結(jié)果看起來這個假設(shè)是對的。蒼蠅對人類來說似乎很短命，但是從蒼蠅的角度來說，它們能活得很長。記得下次拍死一個，可能拍不到哦。
GRE考試高分搶先練習(xí)題及答案
The damage that trucks do to highwaysescalates dramatically with the weight borne per axle. New regulations increasethe maximum permitted vehicle weight; these regulations will therefore allowonto the highway trucks capable of doing even more damage than those currentlypermitted.
1. The argument is open up to criticismon the grounds that it
A. fails to establish that the level ofdamage done by trucks is a serious problem
B. omits evidence about one of the tworelevant factors
C. ignores the possibility that carefuldriving can lessen damage to highways
D. presumes that trucks are the onlyvehicles capable of causing substantial damage to highways
E. presumes that something is bound tohappen just because it is allowed to happen
大家注意：該題讓找文章推理最關(guān)鍵的漏洞。
文章結(jié)構(gòu)很簡單，說，貨車對高速公路的破壞隨軸(axle)載重量的增加而增加。
新規(guī)則提高了允許的貨車最大載重量，所以新規(guī)則將允許能對高速公路造成更大傷害的貨車上路。
選哪個呢?
解析
答案：
B
解析：
相信很多同學(xué)選的是E選項(xiàng)。很遺憾，選錯啦!為什么E選項(xiàng)不對，B選項(xiàng)是正確答案呢?
注意，E選項(xiàng)說，因?yàn)槟呈略试S(allow)發(fā)生所以注定(bound to)發(fā)生，而文章結(jié)論就到允許(allow)發(fā)生的層面，根本沒有對于是否“注定(bound to)發(fā)生”的判斷。千萬注意，“貨車一定會對高速公路造成更大破壞”只是我們的臆想，不是文章的結(jié)論呀!
B選項(xiàng)正確，文章推理確實(shí)犯了B選項(xiàng)所描述的錯誤：忽略了兩個關(guān)鍵因素中的一個。
注意，文章說，貨車是否能對高速公路造成破壞的關(guān)鍵因素是軸(axle)載重量，軸(axle)載重量決定于兩個關(guān)鍵因素：1 總載重量，2 軸的數(shù)量。新規(guī)定只是關(guān)于總載重量，遺漏了“軸的數(shù)量”問題。
GRE考試高分搶先練習(xí)題及答案
African American drama has, until recently, been rooted in the mimetic tradition of modern American naturalism. The most distinctive attribute of this tradition is the mechanistic, materialistic conception of humanity. Naturalism sees each individual as inextricably bound to the environment and depicts each person as someone controlled by, instead of controlling, concrete reality. As long as African American drama maintained naturalism as its dominant mode, it could only express the “plight of African American people”. Its heroes might declare the madness of reality, but reality inevitably triumphed over them.
The surrealistic plays of Adrienne Kennedy mark one of the first departures from naturalism by an African American dramatist. The overall goal of her work has been to depict the world of the soul and the spirit, not to mirror concrete reality. Within this framework, Kennedy has been able to portray African American minds and souls liberated from their connections to the external environment.
1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
A. African American drama has been primarily influenced by naturalisms emphasis on the materialistic.
B. African American drama has traditionally acknowledged the relationship between the individual and the environment.
C. African American drama, traditionally naturalistic, has been little influenced by dramatist Kennedy’s spiritual and psychological approach to drama.
D. The work of Kennedy suggests a shift away from a commitment to strict naturalism in African American drama.
E. The work of Kennedy best exemplifies the current interest of African American artists in the spiritual and psychological worlds.
2. According to the passage, Kennedy is concerned with depicting the
A. internal rather than the external life of her characters
B. madness of reality rather than the effects of reality
C. effects of materialism on African American minds and souls
D. relationship between naturalism and the human spirit
E. effects that her characters have on the environment
3. Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the authors assertion that Kennedy’s work marks a serious departure from the tradition described in the first paragraph?
A. Kennedy places the action in a real-life setting that is nevertheless unfamiliar to the average viewer or reader
B. Kennedy movingly portrays the lives and struggles of prominent African Americans in the United States
C. Kennedy uses characters found only in ancient African legends and mythology
D. Kennedy provides insights into American mimetic tradition and dramatic convention
E. Kennedy depicts the events in a style reminiscent of a television documentary.
解析
答案：1D 2A 3C
解析：文章兩段是典型的對比結(jié)構(gòu)。一段是美國黑人戲劇最近之前的主導(dǎo)流派：自然主義。自然主義的典型特征是反映現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，人物命運(yùn)決定于現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境。二段是以AK為代表的最近變化：超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，遠(yuǎn)離自然主義。塑造人物不依賴于與外部環(huán)境的聯(lián)系。
實(shí)際上，利用“對比”就是我們理解抽象大詞的主要方法之一，可以多多使用呀!
第一題
D
第1題，該題問文章主旨，D最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)只概括了首段內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)概括主題偏離，沒有體現(xiàn)對比變化。C選項(xiàng)無視二段內(nèi)容。E選項(xiàng)best概念原文無，且沒有體現(xiàn)一段。
第二題
A
第2題，該題問K的藝術(shù)主張。A選項(xiàng)定位到2段該句：The overall goal of her work has been to depict the world of the soul and the spirit, not to mirror concrete reality.
第三題
C
第3題，該題問最能加強(qiáng)作者論斷(K的作品遠(yuǎn)離首段提及的自然主義傳統(tǒng))的選項(xiàng)。C最合適。K只使用古代神話傳說中人物形象。意思是K的人物角色不依賴于周圍環(huán)境。這與首段自然主義風(fēng)格最相反：Naturalism sees each individual as inextricably bound to the environment and depicts each person as someone controlled by, instead of controlling, concrete reality.
GRE考試高分搶先練習(xí)題及答案
The history of the transmission of ancient Roman texts prior to invention of the printing press is reconstructed from evidence both internal and external to the texts themselves. Internal evidence is used to reconstruct the relationship of the surviving manuscripts of a Roman text to one another, as represented in a modern stemma codicum: a diagram depicting the genealogical relationship of surviving manuscripts and those the stemma’s editor believes existed at one time. Stemma are scholar’s only road maps to textual connections based on internal evidence, but they may paint a distorted picture of reality because they diagram the relationships of only those manuscripts known or inferred today. If surviving copies are few, the stemma perforce brings into proximity manuscripts that were widely separated in time and place of origin. Conversely, the stemma can also bestow a semblance of separation on manuscripts written within a few months of one another or even in the same room.
As described in the passage, a stemma is most closely analogous to which of the following?
A. a department store inventory list that excludes some departments
B. a map from which a large section has been torn off
C. a chronology that includes only major historical events
D. a family tree in which some generations are not recorded
E. a government organizational chart from which some agencies are omitted
閱讀思考呀!
注意段落結(jié)構(gòu)和作者思路呀!
做題目注意關(guān)鍵詞定位呀!
解析
答案：D
解析：首段首句是主旨概括，引入文章主題：確定印刷技術(shù)出現(xiàn)前古羅馬文本傳承(transmission)的證據(jù)：文本內(nèi)部證據(jù)和外部證據(jù)。然后介紹內(nèi)部證據(jù)的作用。第3句作者表達(dá)了對內(nèi)部證據(jù)的負(fù)面觀點(diǎn)，4句5句說明作者為何有這樣的負(fù)面觀點(diǎn)。
該題是一個類比題，首先要明確關(guān)鍵詞stemma的文章中的特點(diǎn)，再找類比選項(xiàng)。文章中stemma出現(xiàn)好幾處，關(guān)鍵是要讀懂后文stemma 與二句stemma codicum的關(guān)系，后文stemma 實(shí)際是stemma codicum 的同義縮寫。根據(jù)二句對于 stemma codicum的冒號解釋，就不難看出D選項(xiàng)最符合啦!
GRE閱讀考試題目來源大揭秘相關(guān)文章：
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