詳解GRE閱讀3大類常見(jiàn)扣分原因
詳解GRE閱讀3大類常見(jiàn)扣分原因 ,這些提分技巧助你提分,我們一起來(lái)看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
詳解GRE閱讀3大類常見(jiàn)扣分原因
GRE閱讀提分技巧：從結(jié)構(gòu)入手看懂全文
對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)，GRE閱讀最令人欣慰的一點(diǎn)，也許就是其文章結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)范性和公式化。幾乎所有的GRE閱讀文章都是同一個(gè)模子里出來(lái)的：第一段探討一個(gè)高深的話題，第二段質(zhì)疑一個(gè)關(guān)于此話題來(lái)自其他人的觀點(diǎn)或看法，最后一段作者再給出自己的意見(jiàn)和結(jié)論。而最讓考生頭疼的一點(diǎn)，則是話題本身的無(wú)趣性。無(wú)論如何，考生在閱讀中，需要做到主動(dòng)去了解熟悉文章結(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)多閱讀掌握GRE文章的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)套路，而不是被動(dòng)的等著看文章然后見(jiàn)招拆招。
GRE閱讀提分技巧：看懂文章再開(kāi)始做題
關(guān)于做閱讀，一直以來(lái)有這么一種說(shuō)法，那就是先讀題目再看文章，看似能節(jié)省很多時(shí)間，其實(shí)卻是最愚蠢不過(guò)的做法。帶著一肚子問(wèn)題看文章，先不談能記住多少問(wèn)題，首先腦子里就已經(jīng)塞進(jìn)了一堆東西，這種狀態(tài)下的閱讀只會(huì)降低效率，最后文章沒(méi)看懂，題目全忘了，白費(fèi)一番功夫。正確的做法是先讀完全文。仔細(xì)看完整篇文章并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行解題，而不要囫圇吞棗的快速看過(guò)，其實(shí)什么都沒(méi)記住。
GRE閱讀提分技巧：主動(dòng)思考邊讀邊想
上面說(shuō)了不要先看題目，為什么這里又要說(shuō)帶著問(wèn)題看文章呢?這里的問(wèn)題，其實(shí)是指的一些常見(jiàn)的容易出題點(diǎn)，再看文章的過(guò)程中，主動(dòng)去尋找這些常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題點(diǎn)，適當(dāng)做一些標(biāo)記幫助定位，將有助于快速解題。下面是這些需要在閱讀過(guò)程中尋找的問(wèn)題點(diǎn)：
1. 文章討論的是什么?
2. 就討論的內(nèi)容，作者給出了幾個(gè)解釋或理論，分別是什么?作者對(duì)于這些解釋/理論的態(tài)度是什么?
3. 為什么作者覺(jué)得自己提出的理論最好?
4. 文章的主題是什么?
GRE閱讀常見(jiàn)扣分原因：在細(xì)節(jié)部分浪費(fèi)過(guò)多精力
很多GRE閱讀文章，都會(huì)包含大量的各種細(xì)節(jié)，有數(shù)據(jù)、有描述、有具體說(shuō)明等。對(duì)于這些細(xì)節(jié)，在不影響閱讀的情況下，建議大家不要過(guò)度深入，看過(guò)即可。很多細(xì)節(jié)其實(shí)都是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的干擾內(nèi)容，完全不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在之后的題目中，考生要做到的是把握整體。不少同學(xué)會(huì)因?yàn)榧m結(jié)于細(xì)節(jié)而反反復(fù)復(fù)的閱讀同一段內(nèi)容，浪費(fèi)大量時(shí)間，殊為不智。
GRE閱讀常見(jiàn)扣分原因：缺乏對(duì)文章話題的閱讀興趣
GRE文章的內(nèi)容，對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)，有時(shí)候的確會(huì)顯得頗為無(wú)趣，尤其是一些比較冷門(mén)的科技內(nèi)容，平時(shí)即使放在眼前估計(jì)也不會(huì)去看。帶著消極、不想看的態(tài)度去解題，當(dāng)然不會(huì)有太好的結(jié)果。所以，建議大家在閱讀時(shí)，盡量把文章內(nèi)容都想象成自己最想看，最感興趣的內(nèi)容，哪怕是自欺欺人，也盡可能的把這些文章當(dāng)成自己喜歡看的內(nèi)容，用積極的態(tài)度去看文章。
GRE閱讀常見(jiàn)扣分原因：受到選項(xiàng)干擾影響
看完文章，看題目，然后看選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該是很多人做題的方法。但GRE閱讀的出題者，在這里又為考生設(shè)置了陷阱。一道題五個(gè)選項(xiàng)，除了正確選項(xiàng)外，其他選項(xiàng)往往都寫(xiě)得似是而非，迷惑性極高，如果考生想要靠腦海中對(duì)文章的記憶來(lái)一一排除這些選項(xiàng)，往往會(huì)反受其擾，混淆了自己原本還算清晰的思路。最好的做法是看完題目后，先不急著看選項(xiàng)，而是根據(jù)自己之前對(duì)文章的理解，回到文章中找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，并總結(jié)出自己對(duì)于問(wèn)題的答案，然后帶著這個(gè)答案，再到選項(xiàng)中去尋找比較匹配的結(jié)果。這么做，就能較好的避免被錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)干擾。
總而言之，GRE閱讀是中國(guó)考生普遍得分較低的一個(gè)考試部分，但這也給想要拉開(kāi)分?jǐn)?shù)差距的考生提供了脫穎而出的好機(jī)會(huì)。小編希望通過(guò)對(duì)上文這些閱讀提分要點(diǎn)和扣分陷阱的了解，各位考生能夠找到更有效的得分方法技巧，在閱讀部分順利取得理想成績(jī)。
GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句中譯英練習(xí)
76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.
79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.
80. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.
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76.[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車(chē)--地點(diǎn)、地名以及品牌或許會(huì)有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于一二十年前。
77.[參考譯文]相反，我們被款待看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更供應(yīng)充足：美國(guó)式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進(jìn)書(shū)籍的出版商卻在三星級(jí)餐廳享用一日三餐;倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段的參與民主制的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。
78.[參考譯文]科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員和業(yè)余愛(ài)好者之間劃不出涇渭分明的界線：因?yàn)槿魏我?guī)則都有例外。然而，"業(yè)余"一詞的確意味著相關(guān)人員不能充分融入職業(yè)科學(xué)界，尤其未能分享科學(xué)圈子的價(jià)值。
79.[參考譯文]很自然，這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)在尤以數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然學(xué)科領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)最為明顯，并且可以英國(guó)的地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展作例證來(lái)說(shuō)明。
80.[參考譯文]將過(guò)去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比較，(我們)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對(duì)科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化。
GRE閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇
By the time the American colonists took up arms against Great Britain in order to secure their independence, the institution of Black slavery was deeply entrenched. But the contradiction inherent in this situation was, for many, a source of constant embarrassment. “It always appeared a most iniquitous scheme to me,” Abigail Adams wrote her husband in 1774, “to fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have.”
Many Americans besides Abigail Adams were struck by the inconsistency of their stand during the War of Independence, and they were not averse to making moves to emancipate the slaves. Quakers and other religious groups organized antislavery societies, while numerous individuals manumitted their slaves. In fact, within several years of the end of the War of Independence, most of the Eastern states had made provisions for the gradual emancipation of slaves.
17. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
(A) The War of Independence produced among many Black Americans a heightened consciousness of the inequities in American society.
(B) The War of Independence strengthened the bonds of slavery of many Black Americans while intensifying their desire to be free.
(C) The War of Independence exposed to many Americans the contradiction of slavery in a country seeking its freedom and resulted in efforts to resolve that contradiction.
(D) The War of Independence provoked strong criticisms by many Americans of the institution of slavery, but produced little substantive action against it.
(E) The War of Independence renewed the efforts of many American groups toward achieving Black emancipation.
18. The passage contains information that would support which of the following statements about the colonies before the War of Independence?
(A) They contained organized antislavery societies.
(B) They allowed individuals to own slaves.
(C) They prohibited religious groups from political action.
(D) They were inconsistent in their legal definitions of slave status.
(E) They encouraged abolitionist societies to expand their influence.
19. According to the passage, the War of Independence was embarrassing to some Americans for which of the following reasons?
I. It involved a struggle for many of the same liberties that Americans were denying to others.
II. It involved a struggle for independence from the very nation that had founded the colonies.
III. It involved a struggle based on inconsistencies in the participants’ conceptions of freedom.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
20. Which of the following statements regarding American society in the years immediately following the War of Independence is best supported by the passage?
(A) The unexpected successes of the antislavery societies led to their gradual demise in the Eastern states.
(B) Some of the newly independent American states had begun to make progress toward abolishing slavery.
(C) Americans like Abigail Adams became disillusioned with the slow progress of emancipation and gradually abandoned the cause.
(D) Emancipated slaves gradually were accepted in the Eastern states as equal members of American society.
(E) The abolition of slavery in many Eastern states was the result of close cooperation between religious groups and free Blacks.
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched (表達(dá)) in terms of advantage to population. It is argued that the sex ratio (sex ratio: n.男女人口比例) will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the opposite sex. This is essentially a “group selection (group selection: 組選擇, 群選擇)” argument. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This “genetic” argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females: then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay (對(duì)…有利) to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an “evolutionarily stable strategy.” Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essential feature of a game—that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.
Since Fisher’s time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chromosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory (game theory: 博弈論, 對(duì)策論) are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher’s argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.
21. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists
(A) conducted their research at approximately the same time
(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied
(C) sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable
(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the later development of strategy theory
(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species
22. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers Fisher’s work to be
(A) fallacious and unprofessional
(B) definitive and thorough
(C) inaccurate but popular, compared with Hamilton’s work
(D) admirable, but not as up-to-date as Hamilton’s work
(E) accurate, but trivial compared with Hamilton’s work
23. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps?
I. How many eggs does the female wasp usually lay in a single host larva?
II. Can some species of wasp determine sex ratios among their offspring?
III. What is the approximate sex ratio among the offspring of parasitic wasps?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) II and III only
24. It can be inferred that the author discusses the genetic theory in greater detail than the group selection theory primarily because he believes that the genetic theory is more
(A) complicated
(B) accurate
(C) popular
(D) comprehensive
(E) accessible
25. According to the passage, successful game strategy depends on
(A) the ability to adjust one’s behavior in light of the behavior of others
(B) one’s awareness that there is safety in numbers
(C) the degree of stability one can create in one’s immediate environment
(D) the accuracy with which one can predict future events
(E) the success one achieves in conserving and storing one’s resources
26. It can be inferred from the passage that the mathematical theory of games has been
(A) developed by scientists with an interest in genetics
(B) adopted by Hamilton in his research
(C) helpful in explaining how genes can sometimes influence gametes
(D) based on animals studies conducted prior to 1930
(E) useful in explaining some biological phenomena
27. Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?
(A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.
(B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of other insects.
(C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that was hatched in the same larva as herself.
(D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is almost certain.
(E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they reach sexual maturity.
答案：17-27：CBABCDBBAED
