GRE閱讀之這些提速解題思路確保難題得分

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-08-30 21:49:13

GRE閱讀耗時(shí)排除題只能猜答案?這些提速解題思路確保難題得分,我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀耗時(shí)排除題只能猜答案?這些提速解題思路確保難題得分

什么是GRE閱讀排除取非題?

排除題俗稱“except題”，是GRE閱讀中比較容易拿分的題目，主要考察考生對(duì)閱讀文章中細(xì)節(jié)的掌握情況，它的提問方式一般是：The author mentioned all of the following in... EXCEPT，主要可以用以下方法來解答。

GRE閱讀排除題解題方法介紹

1. 通過精確定位來排除

如果前兩種方法均不可以使用的話，我們就只能將選項(xiàng)精確的在文中定位，找出選項(xiàng)和閱讀文章中的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，注意選項(xiàng)中的同義代換與原文是否對(duì)應(yīng)。有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況，選項(xiàng)中有四個(gè)是和題目的關(guān)鍵詞定位在一個(gè)段內(nèi)的，但其中一個(gè)選項(xiàng)卻定位在了另一個(gè)段落內(nèi)，那么這個(gè)選項(xiàng)就是答案。

注意：正確答案一般是作者在文中明確反對(duì)過的，或者是根本未提到，再或者就是定位的段落未提到的(選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞落在別的段落)說法。

2. 通過強(qiáng)對(duì)比形式來排除

如果題目中是關(guān)于A的提問，但是原文中沒有直接給出與A相關(guān)的描述。不過，文中出現(xiàn)了與B相關(guān)的特征描述，而B呢正好是與A形成強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比的對(duì)象。那么我們只需要把B的特征取非就可以得到答案了。一般文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)unlike，in contrast to, compared with,閱讀的過程中遇到該類別的關(guān)鍵詞注意要做筆記。

3. 發(fā)現(xiàn)無關(guān)信息直接排除

如果某一個(gè)選項(xiàng)和文章大意沒有關(guān)系或者根本沒有提到過，那么它一定就是正確答案了。因此，在閱讀的過程中要留意文章每段的中心意思，理出文章的寫作思路，以此來作為細(xì)節(jié)判斷的依據(jù)。

如果能夠?qū)㈩}目定位到某一段，那么就可以用該段的TS(Topic Sentence 主題句)來進(jìn)行排除，和TS無關(guān)的就是正確選項(xiàng)。

以上內(nèi)容即是GRE閱讀中排除法解題的相關(guān)技巧介紹，希望對(duì)考生們備考有所幫助!

GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句中譯英練習(xí)

96. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."

97. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted—suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

98. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end--of--life care.

99. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing new.

100. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

96.[參考譯文]Nancy Dubler，Montehore醫(yī)療中心的主任，認(rèn)為這一原則將會(huì)保護(hù)這樣一些醫(yī)生，他們到目前為止還強(qiáng)烈堅(jiān)持他們不能夠給病人足量的鎮(zhèn)痛劑來控制他們的疼痛，如果這么做會(huì)加速他們的死亡的話。

97.[參考譯文]在另一個(gè)層面上，很多醫(yī)療界的人承認(rèn)，關(guān)于醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺的討論部分是因?yàn)椴∪说慕^望情緒，對(duì)他們來說，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)延長(zhǎng)了死亡的身體痛苦。

98.[參考譯文]它把對(duì)疼痛的治療不足和盲目積極使用"有可能延長(zhǎng)死亡時(shí)間甚至讓死亡過程蒙羞的無效并且強(qiáng)迫性的醫(yī)療手段"視為生命臨終醫(yī)護(hù)的兩個(gè)問題。

99.[參考譯文]換句話說，在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著--套約定俗成的寫作模式，為新聞報(bào)道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的敘述結(jié)構(gòu)。若沒有這些，新聞內(nèi)容就會(huì)一團(tuán)混亂，讓人摸不著頭腦。

100.[參考譯文]如果新聞界真的注意到了問題的關(guān)鍵，它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工，而進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層大相徑庭的各種記者。

GRE閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇

Great comic art is never otherwordly, it does not seek to mystify us, and it does not deny ambiguity by branding as evil whatever differs from good. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate contradictions in social action, not gloss over (gloss over: v.掩蓋) or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature. The moment of transcendence in great comic art is a social moment, born out of the conviction that we are human, even though we try to be gods. The comic community to which artists address themselves is a community of reasoning, loving, joyful, compassionate beings, who are willing to assume the human risks of acting rationally. Without invoking gods or demons, great comic art arouses courage in reason, courage which grows out of trust in what human beings can do as humans.

17. The passage suggests that great comic art can be characterized as optimistic about the ability of humans to

(A) rid themselves of pride

(B) transcend the human condition

(D) avoid social conflicts

(E) act rationally

18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author admires great comic artists primarily for their

(A) ability to understand the frequently subtle differences between good and evil

(B) ability to reconcile the contradictions in human behavior

(D) insistence on confronting the truth about the human condition

(E) insistence on condemning human faults and weaknesses

19. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the organization of the passage?

(A) A sequence of observations leading to a prediction

(B) A list of inferences drawn from facts stated at the beginning of the passage

(D) A statement of the major idea, followed by specific examples

(E) A succession of ideas moving from specific to general

It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism (the process that uses oxygen to convert food into energy) in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns. The high metabolic rate of small animals, for example, gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight, but at the cost of (at the cost of: adv.以...為代價(jià)) requiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals, with their relatively low metabolic rates, can survive well on a sporadic food supply, but can generate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. If only oxidative metabolic rate is considered, therefore, one might assume that smaller, more active, animals could prey on larger ones, at least if they attacked in groups. Perhaps they could if it were not for anaerobic glycolysis, the great equalizer.

Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy provider. The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present—in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles’ wet weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal. If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production. This explains how many large species have managed to compete with their more active neighbors: the compensation for a low oxidative metabolic rate is glycolysis.

There are limitations, however, to this compensation. The glycogen reserves of any animal are good, at most, for only about two minutes at maximum effort, after which only the normal oxidative metabolic source of energy remains. With the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis. During this process the enormous energy debt that the animal has run up (run up: v.迅速積累) through anaerobic glycolysis must be repaid, a debt that is proportionally much greater for the larger vertebrates than for the smaller ones. Whereas the tiny shrew can replace in minutes the glycogen used for maximum effort, for example, the gigantic dinosaur would have required more than three weeks. It might seem that this interminably long recovery time in a large vertebrate would prove a grave disadvantage for survival. Fortunately, muscle glycogen is used only when needed and even then only in whatever quantity is necessary. Only in times of panic or during mortal combat would the entire reserves be consumed.

20. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) refute a misconception about anaerobic glycolysis

(B) introduce a new hypothesis about anaerobic glycolysis

(D) analyze the chemistry of anaerobic glycolysis and its similarity to oxidative metabolism

(E) explain anaerobic glycolysis and its effects on animal survival

21. According to the author, glycogen is crucial to the process of anaerobic glycolysis because glycogen

(A) increases the organism’s need for ATP

(B) reduces the amount of ATP in the tissues

(D) ensures that the synthesis of ATP will occur speedily

(E) is the material from which ATP is derived

22. According to the author, a major limitation of anaerobic glycolysis is that it can

(A) produce in large animals more lactic acid than the liver can safely reconvert

(B) necessitate a dangerously long recovery period in large animals

(D) consume all of the available glycogen regardless of need

(E) reduce significantly the rate at which energy is produced by oxidative metabolism

23. The passage suggests that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the vertebrate’s size because

(A) larger vertebrates conserve more energy than smaller vertebrates

(B) larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight than smaller vertebrates

(D) the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is directly related to its size

(E) the size of a vertebrate is proportional to the quantity of energy it can utilize

24. The author suggests that, on the basis of energy production, a 100-ton dinosaur would have been markedly vulnerable to which of the following?

I. Repeated attacks by a single smaller, more active adversary

II. Sustained attack by numerous smaller, more active adversaries

III. An attack by an individual adversary of similar size

(A) II only

(B) I and II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

25. It can be inferred from the passage that the time required to replenish muscle glycogen following anaerobic glycolysis is determined by which of the following factors?

I. Rate of oxidative metabolism

II. Quantity of lactic acid in the body fluids

III. Percentage of glucose that is returned to the muscles

(A) I only

(B) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, and III

26. The author is most probably addressing which of the following audiences?

(A) College students in an introductory course on animal physiology

(B) Historians of science investigating the discovery of anaerobic glycolysis

(D) Zoologists interested in prehistoric animals

(E) Biochemists doing research on oxidative metabolism

27. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?

(A) The disadvantage of a low oxidative metabolic rate in large animals can be offset by their ability to convert substantial amounts of glycogen into energy.

(B) The most significant problem facing animals that have used anaerobic glycolysis for energy is the resynthesis of its by-product, glucose, into glycogen.

(D) The major factor ensuring that a large animal will triumph over a smaller animal is the large animal’s ability to produce energy via anaerobic glycolysis.

(E) The great differences that exist in metabolic rates between species of small animals and species of large animals can have important effects on the patterns of their activities.

答案：EDCEEBDAEAA

GRE閱讀之這些提速解題思路確保難題得分

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