GRE寫作怎么論證更有說(shuō)服力

GRE寫作怎么論證更有說(shuō)服力?這8大論證方法不可不知,快來(lái)看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

GRE寫作怎么論證更有說(shuō)服力?這8大論證方法不可不知

GRE寫作論證方法：演繹推理論證法

將一個(gè)具體的事例運(yùn)用到一個(gè)一般性原則從而得出結(jié)論。

論點(diǎn)：demand for this product wii go up。

論據(jù)：The price of the product is sliding.

推理依據(jù)：Whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises.

(說(shuō)明：由論據(jù)“the price of the product is sliding ”推出論點(diǎn)“Demand for this product will go up”,這個(gè)過程是否有效取決于推理依據(jù)“whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises”是否成立。下面每一種論證方法都是如此)

GRE寫作論證方法：定義法

界定一個(gè)概念的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)涵;或者認(rèn)定某個(gè)事物符合某個(gè)定義，從而得出結(jié)論。例如：

論點(diǎn)：Radical feminists are not good citizens.

論據(jù)：Radical feminists lack family values.

推理依據(jù)：Family values characterize the good citizes.

GRE寫作論證方法：因果關(guān)系論證法

將一個(gè)判斷放入一個(gè)因果關(guān)系中，指出它或者是原因，或者是結(jié)果。例如：

論點(diǎn)：The internet may be causing depression.

論據(jù)：When a group of people increased their use of the Internet , they felt depressed.

推理依據(jù)：There are no other reasons for the group's depression.

GRE寫作論證方法：歸納推理論證法

從若干個(gè)具體事例中推出共性的一般結(jié)論。如：

論點(diǎn)：Everyone likes the movie.

論據(jù)：I know three people who like the movie.

推理依據(jù)：Three eaxmples are enough.

GRE寫作論證方法：列舉特征式論證法

指出某事物發(fā)生或者生存的征候或者跡象。例如：

論點(diǎn)：The child has chickenpox.

論據(jù)：The child has red spots.

推理依據(jù)：These spots are signs of chickenpox.

GRE寫作論證方法：類比論證法

用我們已知的、熟悉的事物同未知的。不熟悉的事物加以比較，并用前者的情況解釋者 的情況。分為三種：縱向類比(過去的事物同現(xiàn)在的、同一類事物的類比)、橫向類比(同一 時(shí)期、同一事物之間的類比)、比喻式類比(不同類別事物之間的類比)。例如：

1.縱向類比(Historical analogy)

論點(diǎn)：Many people will die of SARS.

論據(jù)：Many people died of the Black Death.

推理依據(jù)：SARS and Black Death are similar.

2.橫向類比(Literal analogy)

論點(diǎn)：China should have its fighter carriers.

論據(jù)：A neighboring country has a powerful carrier fleet.

推理依據(jù)：The two countries are similar enough to draw such a comparison.

3.比喻式類比(Metaphorical analogy)

論點(diǎn)：Reading a difficult book should take time.

論據(jù)：Digesting a large metal takes time.

推理依據(jù)：Reading and eating are sufficiently alike to be compared.

GRE寫作論證方法：引用權(quán)威論證法

引用公認(rèn)的權(quán)威，或者論證自己就是權(quán)威從而對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)加以論證。例如：

論點(diǎn)：China's economy will grow 8 poercent this year.

論據(jù)：Professors and scientists say so.

推理依據(jù)：These experts are reliable.

GRE寫作論證方法：訴諸嘗試法

利用人們的常識(shí)【包括：普遍的價(jià)值觀念、人的普遍動(dòng)機(jī)、生活常識(shí)】進(jìn)行論證。例如：

1.訴諸普遍性的價(jià)值觀念。

論點(diǎn)：The university curriculum should be multicultural.

論據(jù)：A multicultural curriculum will contribute to equality and acceptance.

推理依據(jù)：You value equality and acceptance.

只是一個(gè)詳細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)上的分析說(shuō)明，在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常講推理依據(jù)和論據(jù)放在了一起，但只要合理即可。論據(jù)可以自己編造，也可以是大眾的例子，關(guān)鍵在于自己怎么樣建立論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)之間的橋梁。上面的這些技巧，可能我們只用到某種或某幾種，但我們必須得會(huì)至少一種。

GRE Issue寫作優(yōu)秀實(shí)例：實(shí)用的意義

題目：

Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve.Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world.

正文：

In today’s society idealism seems to become an ideology that is marginalized and practicality is our great idol, thus, the speaker asserts that anything that is not practical bears little value. I admit that being practical is the wide-accepted dogma in order to survive in this world, but by going too far to claim that anything that is not practical has little value is against the empirical observation as well as the general stimulus that push the human society forward.

Admittedly, practicality has become a cult in today’s society. Too often do we hear people talk about being practical whenever they come to make important decisions or choose between several alternatives. The deep-rooted cause underlying this phenomenon is that with the development of modern society, the emphasis is placed more on financial gaining, quick fame, sensible choice and so forth. Our society is rather stable compared with that of the last century when war, violence, human right movements has become the symbol of that period. People are enjoying this peaceful environment with less crucial missions rested upon them and as a result, they shift from idealism to struggle for the common well being of mankind to the practical concept of individual achievement.

This ideology has its merits since after all the disaster and upheaval that our human race has undergone, it is judicious to focus on the economic aspect of things in order to tackle the most important social problems such as poverty, hunger and environmental problems which all deserve us to sit down and work out practical solutions. On the personal level, being practical is how a person would possibly succeed in his career or personal life. One is likely to make sensible decisions for his education and job choice on the basis of practical consideration of his own strength and weakness and careful analysis of the prospect of research direction and job market. Even those in power and intellects need to consider practically since hasty decision built upon pure ideal meditation would hardly find its way in the modern society and is doom to failure.

Agreeing with the speaker that practicality has become the great idol in our society, I am strongly against his point that anything that is not practical has little value. Even in today’s society, idealism is by no means relegated to the place of total neglect and disregard. For one thing, in history, so much achievement is the outcome of several generations’ struggle such as fighting for equality for women, human rights movement,etc. In today’s society, practicality is the way we can obtain our goal but idealism offers the philosophical explanation of why we should set this as our goal and the clear the ultimate value of our pursuing. What is more, by totally fixed one's eyes upon the practical aspect of things, we face the danger of neglecting one important part of our pursuit, that is the mental enjoyment brought out by idealism. If we have a clear goal set in mind and put practical endeavor at the same time, the result would be more satisfactory and valuable.

To sum up, I agree with the speaker insofar as the wide acceptance of practicality is considered. Being practical is the tenet of modern society and it does shed light on the wise way of doing things and obtaining goals, no matter in the personal or social level.But the speaker goes too far by claiming that it is the only valuable ideology in society.I am strongly against this idea since in history or at present, we human beings still need the philosophical explanation to clear our goal and to provide motivation. In this aspect, idealism would never be replaced with pure practical consideration. Otherwise,human society will be replete with insensible people directed by economic profit and quick fame and recognition.

GRE作文優(yōu)秀范例

"The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."

Sample Essay

The intensity of today’s media coverage has been greatly magnified by the sheer number and types of media outlets that are available today. Intense competition for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has turned even minor media events into so-called "media frenzies". Reporters are forced by the nature of the competition to pry ever deeper for an angle on a story that no one else has been able to uncover. With this type of media coverage, it does become more and more likely that anyone who is subjected to it will have his or her reputation tarnished, as no individual is perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. The advances in technology have made much information easily and instantaneously available. Technology has also made it easier to dig further than ever before into a person’s past, increasing the possibility that the subject’s reputation may be harmed.

The above statement is much too broad, however. "Anyone" covers all people all over the world. There are people whose reputations have only been enhanced by media scrutiny. There are also people whose reputations were already so poor that media scrutiny could not possibly diminish it any further. There may very well be people that have done nothing wrong in the past, at least that can be discovered by the media, whose reputations could not be diminished by media scrutiny. To broadly state that "anyone" subjected to media coverage will have his or her status sullied implies that everyone’s reputation worldwide is susceptible to damage under any type of media scrutiny. What about children, particularly newborn children? What about those people whose past is entirely unknown?

Another problem with such a broad statement is that it does not define the particular level of media scrutiny. Certainly there are different levels of media coverage. Does merely the mention of one’s name in a newspaper constitute media scrutiny? What about the coverage of a single event in someone’s life, for example a wedding or the birth of a baby? Is the media coverage of the heroic death of a firefighter or police officer in the line of duty ever going to diminish that person’s reputation? It seems highly unlikely that in these examples, although these people may have been subjected to media scrutiny, these individual’s reputations are undamaged and potentially enhanced by such exposure.

Without a doubt, there are many examples of individual’s whose reputations have been diminished by media scrutiny. The media’s uncovering of former U.S. President Bill Clinton’s affair with Monica Lewinsky will most likely overshadow the entire eight years of his administration. Basketball superstar Michael Jordan’s sterling reputation has been tarnished more than once by the media; first by media coverage of his gambling habits, then most recently (and in a much more harmful manner) by news reports of his marital infidelities and the divorce from his wife of thirteen years. Fame and fortune can turn an ordinary individual into a media target where reporters will stop at almost nothing to "dig up dirt" that will sell more newspapers or entice more viewers to watch a television program. It could even be argued that media scrutiny killed Princess Diana as her car sped away from the privacy-invading cameras of reporters in Paris. There is no doubt that there are a large number of people who have been hurt in one way or another by particularly intense media scrutiny.

In summary, it seems impossible that for every person that is subjected to media scrutiny, his or her reputation will eventually be diminished. Millions of people are mentioned in the media every day yet still manage to go about their lives unhurt by the media. Normal individuals that are subjected to media scrutiny can have their reputation either enhanced or damaged depending on the circumstances surrounding the media coverage. The likelihood of a diminished reputation from the media rises proportionally with the level of notoriety that an individual possesses and the outrageousness of that person’s behavior. The length of time in the spotlight can also be a determining factor, as the longer the person is examined in the media, the greater the possibility that damaging information will be discovered or that the individual will do something to disparage his or her reputation. But to broadly state that media scrutiny will diminish anyone’s reputation is to overstate the distinct possibility that, given a long enough time and a certain level of intensity of coverage, the media may damage a person’s reputation.