最新高分GRE寫作提綱舉例指導(dǎo)
最新高分GRE寫作提綱舉例指導(dǎo)
今天小編和大家分享一下高分GRE寫作提綱舉例指導(dǎo)，我們來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
高分GRE寫作提綱舉例指導(dǎo)
14"It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of
imaginative literature."
同意
1、幻想類作品能夠激發(fā)人的想象力和創(chuàng)造力;如登上月球、克隆啊等起初源都于科幻;
2、幻想類作品能夠豐富人的精神世界，帶給人精神力量 invigorate，很好的休息;
3、但是，人不應(yīng)當(dāng)只沉溺于這些作品，還應(yīng)當(dāng)讀科學(xué)、歷史等理性的書籍;
14 T "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and ot her types of imaginative literature." 14. 每個人都有必要去閱讀詩、小說、神話和其他的幻想類的文學(xué)作品。
① 許多想象的作品成為文化的基礎(chǔ)，并一直流傳至今，對人類文明有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響：神化和傳說。古希臘羅馬神話，充滿想象，對以此為基礎(chǔ)并且同樣燦爛悠久的西方文明有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。Ancient Greek and Roman myths, are full of imagination, and become the foundation of the western culture which is also gorgeous and old-line. Furthermore, we can find the influences of these myths from today’s literature、sculpture 、painting、music、and architecture.甚至在 04年的奧運(yùn)會上
②想象的作品展示給人更美好、更純潔 unsophisticated 的社會。安徒生童話 Andersen is famous for his fairy tales, Ugly Duckling, 蘊(yùn)含在其中的同情心 sympathy that it implied the ugly duckling 、對于世界的愛 the love for the world the little mermaid、對誠實(shí)、勇敢的美德的歌頌 Emperor’s New Suit.
③Only imaginative works can provide meaning to historical events—through the use of devices 設(shè)備、策略 such as symbolism 象征主義 and metaphor 隱喻、暗喻。但丁 Dante 神曲Divine comedy/Divina Commedia, one of the landmarks of world literature. 宣揚(yáng)了個性解放的思想。__精神的最崇高體現(xiàn)，將善與惡視為兩極，互不相容。人要靠信仰而活著。神曲本身是一個隱喻，從黑暗的森林，到地獄hell 、凈界 limbo/煉獄purgatory 、天堂的過程，代表由懵懂 ignorant、掙扎 struggle、渴望thirst for 到救贖 salvation 的歷程course。但丁希望引導(dǎo)讀者反省人性的罪惡 meditate the evils of human，思索當(dāng)時(shí)混亂的局勢 ponder the chaotic situation at that time ，并試著提出解決之道 bring forward a solution，使人達(dá)到幸福之地 blessed place。更深的揭露社會現(xiàn)象
④not everyone. A time is limited, 可以做更有用的事 B 有的人沒有條件。如：戰(zhàn)區(qū) war zone的人民/ 非洲的挨餓的兒童 hungry African children
We have been brought up with fairy tales, mythologies and science fictions.Imaginative literature is characterized by fancy and illusion, which can inspire our imagination as well as intelligence. However, when we immerse in the fantasy contrived by imaginative work, we should also notice its dark side.
高分GRE寫作提綱舉例指導(dǎo)
15"The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."
.會穩(wěn)定性取決于許多方面
1、承認(rèn)對 extreme human behavior 的反映可以體現(xiàn)社會穩(wěn)定性鎮(zhèn)壓，說明存在很大問題，政府沒有理由說服 counterproductive in the long run compromise; constructive communication 說明有穩(wěn)定趨勢，政府可以解決處理好
2、其實(shí)出現(xiàn) extreme human behavior 就說明社會穩(wěn)定性存在問題robbery; murder; suicide; rebellion
3、社會穩(wěn)定性還要看經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人民生活
.Immediate, existing problems好比急性疾病對于人體一樣常常關(guān)系到社會的穩(wěn)定，經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行，國家的存亡，解決不好后果十分嚴(yán)重。法國巴黎的暴亂，西班牙車站恐怖主義爆炸，他們直接威脅社會的穩(wěn)定，必須很好的解決
但是僅僅對極端事件做出反應(yīng)是不能保證社會穩(wěn)定的，因?yàn)樯鐣环€(wěn)定的根本原因沒有消除;比如，雖然解決了紐約公交系統(tǒng)罷工，使得城市交通恢復(fù)正常。但是工人的待遇沒有得到改善，等到矛盾激化島一定程度還會出現(xiàn)同樣的罷工，相比之下預(yù)防與維護(hù)社會的長期穩(wěn)定比解決已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的問題更有價(jià)值，代價(jià)更小。好比致病不如保健。比如通過長期政策的作用消除貧困與種族仇恨，從根本上消滅不穩(wěn)定因素。還能提高人們生活水平，必須防病為主，致病為輔。對極端事件的反應(yīng)只能作為最后的保障
15T"The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."
.會的安定取決于它對人們極端行為的響應(yīng)和措施
① extreme as violence: incredib le tragedy of September 11th 政府的對...嚴(yán)查與對遇難者安撫工作
② extreme in science/academia: Einstein principle of relativity, 開明的環(huán)境。 否則知識分子會難得進(jìn)步，甚至感到恐慌，the cultural revolution.
③ 重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在預(yù)防，而不是反映
④ 其他方面：如自然災(zāi)害，國際形勢
Though it seems impossible that there will be a society as serene as paradise without any kind of horrible extremes of human behavior, it should never be an excuse for the failure of keeping the happening of extremes under effective control. But the stability of a society asks for much more than just agile responds and firm punishment to the extremes of human behavior. The stability of a society even requires its adequate conduction to some seemingly ordinary human behaviors in specific situations. A stable and healthy society is cherished by everyone.
高分GRE寫作提綱舉例指導(dǎo)
16"Although many people think that the luxu ries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."
.分同意
1、現(xiàn)代生活的便利確實(shí)使人們的對技術(shù)的依賴性越來越強(qiáng)
depend on automobile for travel; depend on calculat or for calculation; depend on computer for writing documents; depend on Internet for in formation(do not have to memorize)
2、但是現(xiàn)代生活的便利也給人們帶來了挑戰(zhàn)，使變得 intellectually strong to creat more convenience, further improvve technology develop to help make life more efficient; people are expected for more productivity
3、工作的便利使人能夠獨(dú)立完成復(fù)雜任務(wù) national survey analysis
16T "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."
.盡管很多人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在奢侈安逸的生活是無害的，但實(shí)際上這樣的生活阻止了人們培養(yǎng)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)獨(dú)立的性格
① I concede 有些時(shí)候有些人在得到安逸生活以后就不思進(jìn)取了。Davy, 晚年沒有什么成就。
② 但是追求安逸的生活是科技發(fā)展和人類進(jìn)步的動力。人們追求更多的休閑時(shí)間，從而有了更高效的工作。
③ 如果缺乏現(xiàn)在高科技所提供的舒適條件，有些研究成果出不來。 如：生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域、軍事領(lǐng)域 都要求
sophisticated apparatus
Without modern facilities, we could hardly do anything.
While, without such modern facilities, can we become truly strong and independent individuals?It is important for us to realize the limitation of mo dern facilities and that potential danger which will be aroused if we lost our domination over modern facilities and too rely on them.
高分GRE寫作提綱舉例指導(dǎo)
17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even mo re importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
.同意要遵守公正法律，反對不公正法律，但也有一些法律很難區(qū)分公正與否
1、法律是維護(hù)社會秩序的工具，只有遵守法律才能維持社會公平
criminal law can deal with murder, theft, adultery , or the like; economical law provides a rule for economic activity and settles the dispute between both sides of the trade; tax law makes sure that tax is handed in according to the tax standard.
2、當(dāng)法律傷害大部分人利益的時(shí)候，是不公正的，要反對
Hitler made a series of laws which could be treated as unjust laws. Under the control of Hitler and his laws, mass of the Jews were killed optionally as he liked, and no justice any more then. Still, warm hearted people in German would like to disobey the laws and hide the Jews in their house. More and more people including several judges began to resist the laws in spite of the miserable results followed.If it were not for the resisting of people to th e laws and Hitler, no succ ess would be reached.
3、但是現(xiàn)代社會中也有一些法律很難區(qū)分公正與否，立法者需要控制好平衡，交通事故 如果大家都被動地遵守，勢必要犧牲一部分人的利益;如果每個人都根據(jù)自己的利益決定是否要遵守，會導(dǎo)致社會混亂;所要立法者主持公道
.有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。社會中的每個人都有責(zé)任遵守公正的法律，更重要的是，不遵守和抵制不公正的法律。
[BEGIN:] The argument that people in a society sh ould obey just law and disobey unjust law seems relatively sound, while after considering the intricate definition of law, the statement above is oversimplify the influence of the law upon the human world.
1、 首先，把法律歸類為正義和非正義太過于簡單 (First of all, the items just and unjust are too simple to be used to categorize the kinds of laws because so me laws may not be defined as either just or unjust.) 克隆、原子彈
2、 法律并不像人們想象的那樣是一成不變的 (The laws should not keep constant, as many people think, on the contrary, they should be challenged and mended in the progress of social development.)
3、 首先，正義的概念是隨著傳統(tǒng)和其他條件而變的 (In the first place, the item "just" is going to vary greatly according to different traditions, costume and other conditions.)價(jià)值觀：墮胎 abortion
4、 同樣的非正義也是隨著因素而改變的 (While, it is precisely the same when it comes to the unjust law.)時(shí)間：違抗政府的命令;電腦犯罪(computer crime)
5、 同樣的過分強(qiáng)調(diào)人們遵守正義和抵制非正義的東西，也會造成一些問題 (Unduly emphasizing people to resist the unjust laws also spe ll certain risks. In the first place, unjust laws are not constant concept but may ) 首先，阻礙社會民主進(jìn)程(For one thing, compelling all the people unconditional accept and obey the just laws may in some se nse impede the process of the democracy in the nation.) 其次，忽略了傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀念在社會中的作用( In addition, it may also undermine the fundamental influence of the traditional value sy stems upon the human society. As is so often pointed out that the regulations and laws is just a manifestation of the value and standard of the human civilizations. In this respect, inculcating people with the traditional value systems are far more important than compel them within the bound of the law.)
[END:] In summary, as one of the crucial elements of modern society, the laws have to be served as the guidance for almost all the citizens to live and work in a right way and also provide them with a stabilized climate.
ISSUE17
遵守公正法律，抵抗不公正
1 法律，which 用來維持社會的秩序和規(guī)范人們行為，沒有絕對的公平。第一，很多法律不存在是否公平，僅僅用來定義，以方便其他條款的敘述。比如什么是成年人，什么是兒童，什么是死亡等等;另一方面，公正是一個主觀詞語，不同的價(jià)值觀看到的是不同的法律。比如死刑在某些國家來看是不可容忍的，因?yàn)槿魏稳藷o權(quán)剝奪其他人生命;而在另一些國家來說，他們的價(jià)值觀認(rèn)為殺人必須進(jìn)行償命。所以說，法律的公正與否與價(jià)值觀有很大關(guān)系。
2 法律的公正也與當(dāng)事人的利益有關(guān)。幾乎沒有一個法律的判決或者懲罰是另 plaintiff 和defendant完全滿意的，那么不滿意的一方必然會覺得法律不公正。比如，在交通事故中，法院根據(jù)法律條款要求被告賠償原告 1000dollars ，被告覺得太多不能接受，那么他自然會覺得法律不公平。這種不公平是無法消除的，它在不同人的 mind里不同。如果這種情況下，被告因?yàn)樗^的不公平而拒絕進(jìn)行給錢，那么等待他的是更嚴(yán)厲的判罰，法律是不允許違背的。所以說，對于不公正的法律不能夠用抵抗的方法進(jìn)行抗議。
3 在民主國家里，對于你認(rèn)為不公平的法律，不管是不是真的不公平，你可以采用合法合理的手段來進(jìn)行抗議。比如要求重新審理，或者引起媒體和學(xué)者們的注意，從而引起社會的廣泛關(guān)注。當(dāng)政府收到廣泛的壓力后自然就會重新研究該項(xiàng)條款，進(jìn)行修改。這樣的反抗既沒有違法，有可以達(dá)到很好的效果
17 有兩種法律：公平的和不公平的。社會中的每個人都應(yīng)該遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，不遵守或者違抗不公平的法律。
1-法律的正義不正義沒有絕對的定義 is rarely a straight forward issue
很多法律沒什么正義不正義
法律的一項(xiàng)功能：keep everything in order
比如：未滿十六歲喝酒，吸煙
未滿十八歲進(jìn)網(wǎng)吧
未滿二十二歲不能結(jié)婚 法定年齡 legal age: The age at which a person may by law assume the rights and responsibilities of an adult.
1)在不同觀念和文化中不同
法律的功能：to govern a society , control the behavior of its members
比如：該不該判死刑 death penalty
口香糖 chewing gum
安樂死 euthanasia
2 )在不同利益者中不同
法律的一項(xiàng)功能是和平解決糾紛 resolve disputes peacefully
This is especially true when it comes to personal affairs.
Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two people claim to ow n the same piece of property, we do not want the matter settled by a duel: we turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who is the real owner and to make sure that the real owner’s rights are respected.
有爭議就有利益糾紛，而爭議永遠(yuǎn)存在。有審判就有滿意不滿意，just unjust 在兩方定義不同。
2-法律不遵守，disobedience 會帶來危害 poses certain risks , jeopardize to
比如：交通左右
Driving would be dangerous and chaotic.
法律和風(fēng)俗思想情感不同：
Laws resemble morality because they are designed to control or alter our behavior. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a law—whether you like that law or not—you may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison.
.民主社會中，法律的作用是。但是法律有時(shí)候可以被認(rèn)為是 just 和unjust的。
對于不同的利益群體來說，比如污染環(huán)境的工廠，環(huán)境保護(hù)法要求進(jìn)行污染治理，增加的成本造成工資下降和失業(yè)，工人利益因?yàn)榉啥盏綋p害，認(rèn)為法律 unjust，而周圍的居民則認(rèn)為法律是 just
對不同文化背景和宗教背景的人來說。比如剛移民到美國的亞洲人，也許在教育孩子時(shí)侯有點(diǎn)暴力是可以的，但是當(dāng)?shù)厝丝隙ㄕJ(rèn)為這是家庭暴力。被法律懲罰的亞洲父母認(rèn)為法律是 unjust
但是法律不僅僅規(guī)定了行為，還給了合法的途徑去改變，廢除法律。如果 disobey 和resist ，只能降低法律權(quán)威和造成非理智的沖突，危害社會穩(wěn)定，舉剛才工廠的例子，村民與工人的沖突。
【題目】
"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
【翻譯】
有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個社會成員都有責(zé)任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應(yīng)該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。
【提綱】
1、我們應(yīng)當(dāng)自覺遵守維護(hù)法律秩序，特別是公正的法律，用以維護(hù)社會的秩序，這樣一方面能夠維護(hù)社會的秩序，例如交通法規(guī)，另一方面通過約束他人保障公民自己的權(quán)利
2、對于不公正的法律，我們更應(yīng)該不遵守或者反抗以保證維護(hù)的正義，例如希特勒二戰(zhàn)期間屠殺猶太人的法律
3、然而，在實(shí)際生活中，由于價(jià)值觀的不同，我們很難正確辨別哪些法律是不公正的法律，如對于安樂死和死刑，不同國家法律有不同的規(guī)定
4、結(jié)論，在可辨認(rèn)的前提下，我們要堅(jiān)決遵守公正法律抵制不公正的法律
.正和不公正的法律
一、Can we?不行。不同意，for reasons having to do with subjective definition of justice, the ideal form of laws, and the principle of legislation.
二、公正是不好說的Fairness, a subjective judgm ent, can never be the standard of a law because everyone has a distinctive measure.
1.每個人都有 value system ，priorities. 殺人犯, abortion
2.不可能 gratify每個人, emotional, radical, chaos
三、法律理想的狀態(tài)
1.如果滿足每個人，將不再滿足抽象性。滿足每個人 unilateral 意味著ruin the integrity 和practicality
2. 個人 judgment 不能帶代表全部，盡管他 cries for justice
四、涉及到法律的原則性問題 bills are voted by the majority and after their pass, everyone is equal, which is the base of any democratic society.
1.法案是多數(shù)人通過的，且它通過以后，法律面前人人平等。這樣使得人們德權(quán)利得到保護(hù)，不同于奴隸封建社會，權(quán)威想干什么就干什么
2.Resist 意味著賦予某人 privilege，破壞法律的平等性
3. erudite 的Socrates
17T "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
.有兩種法律：公平的和不公平的。社會中的每個人都應(yīng)該遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，應(yīng)該不遵守或者違抗不公平的法律兩個assertion
①把法律分為公平的和不公平的過于簡單。有很多內(nèi)容沒有包括。如：網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪
②對于公平和不公平的定義在變化。如：是否應(yīng)有死刑(execution) ， euthanasia
③對第二個assertion: 確實(shí)要遵守公平的 Undoubtedly, every citizen should obey just laws, which preconditions a stable and orderly society.
④對不公平的要看情況， 可以反抗，同時(shí)也促進(jìn)法律進(jìn)步。Yet it is more important for individuals to resist unjust laws, for doing so will help improve the legal system of a nation.不合作主義 civil disobedience Laws and regulations are set up along with the entr enchment of a government serving as a means to control the country.
Since laws are built up under the power of government, which represents the public interest whereas run by a few individuals, it is qu ite possible that laws are constituted in the name of representing the majority while on the contrary in a few individuals favor.
Facing unjust laws, every individual has the very responsibility to re sist them.
No matter that whether every individual could reach an agreement on unjust or not, one point is important that we should put forward our opinions toward unjust laws.
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