托福閱讀10大題型提問(wèn)形式和題目數(shù)量盤(pán)點(diǎn)介紹

托福考試中閱讀部分的考試時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)題型和題目數(shù)量也相對(duì)較多，不少考生缺乏對(duì)閱讀題型題數(shù)的具體認(rèn)識(shí)，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福閱讀10大題型提問(wèn)形式和題目數(shù)量盤(pán)點(diǎn)介紹,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

【入門(mén)基礎(chǔ)】托福閱讀10大題型提問(wèn)形式和題目數(shù)量盤(pán)點(diǎn)介紹

1. 事實(shí)信息題(Factual information)

事實(shí)信息題是托福閱讀中數(shù)量最多的題型，在每篇閱讀文章中都會(huì)有3-6題為事實(shí)信息題。這個(gè)題型如同其字面含義，就是考察大家對(duì)閱讀文章中包含的各類(lèi)信息的掌握程度。這類(lèi)題目的提問(wèn)方式主要有兩種，分別是：

According to the paragraph，...?

The author's description of X mentions which of the following?

2. 否認(rèn)事實(shí)信息題(Negative Factual Infomation)

這個(gè)題型和上面的事實(shí)信息題正好相反，如果說(shuō)事實(shí)信息題問(wèn)的是文章里講了什么，那么否認(rèn)事實(shí)信息題問(wèn)的就是文章里沒(méi)講沒(méi)有提及什么。這類(lèi)題型的考察目的和事實(shí)信息題相同，也是考察考生對(duì)文章包含信息的了解。每篇文章中這樣的題目數(shù)量最多2題，也有可能1道都沒(méi)有。這個(gè)題型的提問(wèn)方式是：

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?

The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...

3. 暗示推理題(Inference)

這個(gè)題型同樣問(wèn)的是事實(shí)，但并不是文章直接提到的事實(shí)，而是需要考生結(jié)合文章給出信息進(jìn)行一定推理后得出的結(jié)論，對(duì)考生的邏輯推理分析能力有一定要求。這個(gè)題型每篇閱讀中都會(huì)有1到3題，常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式是：

Which of the following can be inferred about X?

The author of the passage implies that X...

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?

4. 修辭目的題(Rhetorical Purpose)

這個(gè)題型的題數(shù)為1-2題，光看名字似乎有點(diǎn)不太好理解，其實(shí)通俗來(lái)說(shuō)就是問(wèn)目的或者說(shuō)原因，比如作者會(huì)什么要提某人某事，或者作者提及某人某事是為了什么等等。這類(lèi)題目考的也是邏輯思維能力，提問(wèn)方式也比較簡(jiǎn)單直接：

The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to ...

Why does the author mention X?

The author uses X as an example of ...

5. 詞匯題(Vocabulary)

詞匯題是托福閱讀中出題目的最為簡(jiǎn)單粗暴的題目，就是直接考察考生的詞匯量，因此提問(wèn)也是問(wèn)考生文章段落中某個(gè)詞匯的具體含義。由于托福閱讀對(duì)考生的詞匯要求比較高，因此這個(gè)題型的數(shù)量也是比較多的，一般為3-5題，其題型常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)法是：

The word "X" in the passage is closest in meaning to ...

The phrase "X" in the passage is closest in meaning to ..

In stating X, the author means that ...

6. 指代題(Reference)

指代題從出題形式上看似和詞匯題類(lèi)似，但考察的目標(biāo)卻并非大家的詞匯而是對(duì)文章不同段落特定內(nèi)容的理解。這類(lèi)文章要求考生具體到文章中尋找指代對(duì)象，雖然題目本身難度不高但卻會(huì)花費(fèi)大家一定時(shí)間，對(duì)于不擅長(zhǎng)返回原文尋找的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)需要花費(fèi)較多時(shí)間解題。當(dāng)然這類(lèi)題目數(shù)量并不多，大概在0-2題之間。一般出題形式為：

The word "X" in the passage refers to ...

7. 句子簡(jiǎn)化題(Sentence Simplification)

這個(gè)題型在托福閱讀中出現(xiàn)數(shù)量較少，每篇文章可能只有1題，有時(shí)候不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。簡(jiǎn)化題要求考生根據(jù)原文中的句子選擇一個(gè)能夠表達(dá)其主要含義的選項(xiàng)句子，可以說(shuō)既考大家對(duì)句子的理解也考察考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)，提問(wèn)方式也是比較固定的：

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

8. 文本插入題(Insert Text)

文本插入題為必考題型，每篇閱讀固定會(huì)有1題。這個(gè)題型出題形式比較有特色，會(huì)在一個(gè)段落或者上下兩個(gè)段落的各處給出4個(gè)黑色實(shí)心方塊標(biāo)記，然后再給出一個(gè)句子要求考生選擇合適的位置插入這個(gè)文本句子。這道題也是考察大家對(duì)于文章特定段落或是段落之間銜接等方面的理解而設(shè)計(jì)的題型，出題形式是：

Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

[黑體加粗句子]

Where would the sentence best fit?

9. 總結(jié)題(Prose Summary)& 10. 圖表題Fill in a Table

這兩種題型放在一起說(shuō)，是因?yàn)槊科喿x的最后一題都會(huì)從這兩種題型中選擇其一出現(xiàn)，而且考察的都是考生對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)各段落大意的整體理解。從目前的考生反饋來(lái)看，總結(jié)題出現(xiàn)的概率比圖表題要更高一些。總結(jié)題的出題形式是給出6個(gè)選項(xiàng)，然后要求大家從中選擇3個(gè)符合題目要求的選項(xiàng)。而圖表題一般是在文章本身結(jié)構(gòu)包含有對(duì)比和分類(lèi)時(shí)才會(huì)出現(xiàn)的題型，會(huì)給出更多選項(xiàng)并要求考生分別把不同選項(xiàng)放入題目給出的分類(lèi)當(dāng)中，當(dāng)然選項(xiàng)數(shù)量也是比實(shí)際正確的答案要更多的。

托福閱讀推理題的答題技巧

一、 推理題的標(biāo)志

推理題的題干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等詞，分為有共性的推理題和無(wú)共性的推理題兩大類(lèi)。

二、 推理題的做法

對(duì)于無(wú)共性的推理題，也就是題干中無(wú)線索的，一般使用排除法，即根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，通過(guò)排除法得出正確答案。

對(duì)于有共性的推理題，也就是題干中有線索的，建議考生可以先圈定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進(jìn)行推理。推理題主要有下列思路：

1. 一般對(duì)比推理

ETS設(shè)計(jì)推理題的手段不多，根據(jù)兩個(gè)事物的對(duì)比特征出題是其中之一。問(wèn)其中一個(gè)事物的特征時(shí)，只要將與之形成對(duì)比的另一個(gè)事物的特征否定掉就可以了。

例如：

It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

B. There were great numbers of them.

C. They lived in the sea only.

D. They did not leave many fossil remains.

2. 時(shí)間對(duì)比推理

這種思路常被考到。在這種推理中，一般有兩個(gè)形成對(duì)比的時(shí)間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問(wèn)一個(gè)時(shí)間段的特征時(shí)，只要將與之相反的時(shí)間段的特征否定掉就可以了。

例：

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….

…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution

(A) families were larger.

(B) population statistics were unreliable.

(C) the population grew steadily.

(D) economic conditions were bad.

3.集合概念推理

集合概念推理也可以稱(chēng)之為百分比推斷，它指的是在一個(gè)集合中，包含兩個(gè)相對(duì)的方面，共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)大的集合。一方所占的比例減少意味著另一方所占比例的增加;反之一方所占的比例增加意味著另一方所占比例的減少。根據(jù)這一思路，可以由集合中一方的數(shù)量變化推斷另一方的消減。

例：

A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.

What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?

(A) They value folk cultures.

(B) They have no social classes.

(C) They have popular cultures.

(D) They do not value individualism.

托福閱讀背景知識(shí)之華爾街的故事

華爾街是全美乃至全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心，如何能夠在華爾街站住腳呢?選擇一個(gè)最受華爾街青睞的職業(yè)是最方便的了。

Wall Street has undergone a radical face lift this year, but finance industry recruiters are expected to stick to roughly the same formula when looking to fill entry-level positions with college graduates in the future.

華爾街如今已經(jīng)徹底改頭換面了。不過(guò)，金融業(yè)招聘人士在尋找大學(xué)畢業(yè)生填補(bǔ)初級(jí)職位空缺的時(shí)候，預(yù)計(jì)仍將堅(jiān)持與以往大致相同的甄選原則。

Wealth management, investment banking and research are expected to see a hiring surge in the coming years, according to Joseph Logan, founder and managing director of Pinnacle Group International, a New York executive recruiting firm specializing in the financial services industry.

Pinnacle Group International的創(chuàng)始人兼董事總經(jīng)理約瑟夫 洛根(Joseph Logan)表示，財(cái)富管理、投資銀行和研究領(lǐng)域有望在未來(lái)幾年掀起招聘熱潮。Pinnacle Group International是紐約一家專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù)于金融服務(wù)業(yè)的高管獵頭公司。

'A strong background in accounting plus financial [knowledge in] evaluation is the key-and being well-rounded will help a lot,' says David Smith, an associate professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia who specializes in corporate finance and banking. Strong social skills and the ability to think creatively are important to round out more technical and quantitative talents.

“會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)估值方面的過(guò)硬背景是應(yīng)聘成功的關(guān)鍵，知識(shí)全面也會(huì)大有幫助，”弗吉尼亞大學(xué)(University of Virginia)麥金太爾商學(xué)院(McIntire School of Commerce)專(zhuān)門(mén)從事企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)和銀行業(yè)研究的副教授史密斯(David Smith)表示。出色的社交技能和創(chuàng)新思維能力對(duì)于那些偏重技術(shù)性和數(shù)理方面的人才來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)重要的補(bǔ)充。

Mr. Smith, who helps prepare students for finance job interviews, advises the students who want to head to Wall Street to eschew finance fads like the current demand in restructuring or credit derivatives which were hot two years ago and focus on becoming fluent in accounting and financial evaluation fundamentals that are applicable to any specialty. As the economy recovers more traditional financial services functions, such as mergers and acquisitions advisory will make a comeback, according to Mr. Smith .

史密斯幫助學(xué)生們?yōu)榻鹑诼毼幻嬖囎鰷?zhǔn)備。他向那些希望在華爾街發(fā)展的學(xué)生們建議說(shuō)，要避開(kāi)金融業(yè)一時(shí)的潮流,比如眼下對(duì)兩年前頗為流行的重組或者信用衍生品方面的人才需求，而將目光集中在像會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)估值基本知識(shí)這樣適用于所有金融領(lǐng)域的研究。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇,那些更為傳統(tǒng)的金融服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)比如并購(gòu)咨詢(xún)行業(yè)將重新煥發(fā)活力,史密斯表示。

托福閱讀材料之GOOGLE的發(fā)展歷程

托福閱讀的關(guān)鍵是在于多看多練，為了幫助廣大考生更好的復(fù)習(xí)，小編為大家整理提供托福閱讀材料:google的發(fā)展歷程，以供各位考生復(fù)習(xí)參考，生活中有很多事情需要大家細(xì)心觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀文章不僅可以鍛煉能力還能了解各方面的知識(shí)。在托福閱讀練習(xí)中大家要多找些托福文章練習(xí)，小編也會(huì)經(jīng)常找些文章讓大家參考的，下面開(kāi)始今天的托福閱讀吧。

Growth

While the primary business interest is in the web content arena, Google has begun experimenting with other markets, such as radio and print publications. On 17 January 2006, Google announced the purchase of a radio advertising company "dMarc", which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio.This will allow Google to combine two niche advertising media—the Internet and radio—with Google's ability to laser-focus on the tastes of consumers. Google has also begun an experiment in selling advertisements from its advertisers in offline newspapers and magazines, with select advertisements in the Chicago Sun-Times.They have been filling unsold space in the newspaper that would have normally been used for in-house advertisements.

Acquisitions

Since 2001, Google has acquired several companies, mainly focusing on small start-ups.

In 2004, Google acquired a company called Keyhole, Inc.,which developed a product called Earth Viewer, renamed in 2005 to Google Earth.

In February 2006, software company Adaptive Path sold Measure Map, a weblog statistics application, to Google. Registration to the service has since been temporarily disabled. The last update regarding the future of Measure Map was made on 6 April 2006 and outlined many of the known issues of the service.

In late 2006, Google bought the online video site YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock.Shortly after, on 31 October 2006, Google announced that it had also acquired JotSpot, a developer of wiki technology for collaborative Web sites.

On 13 April 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick. Google agreed to buy the company for $3.1 billion.

On 2 July 2007, Google purchased GrandCentral. Google agreed to buy the company for $50 million.

On 9 July 2007, Google announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire enterprise messaging security and compliance company Postini.

On August 5 2009, Google announced the purchase of video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million - its first acquisition of a public company.

On 24 November 2009, Google announced the purchase of Teracent, a California based start up company, for an undisclosed price. This is another acquisition on Google's behalf in a series of advertising related purchases- AdMob, Double Click.