托福閱讀備考技巧之教你如何精細閱讀

托福閱讀備考技巧, 教你如何精細閱讀，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x備考技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀備考技巧 教你如何精細閱讀

美國教育大綱提出的精讀要求

精讀的目的主要還是希望學(xué)生閱讀不要囫圇吞棗，而是有方法、有目的地從閱讀中獲取知識，鍛煉自己的思辨能力。會要求學(xué)生：

1、理清文章的敘述、論證結(jié)構(gòu)。

發(fā)現(xiàn)文章或書中最常見的這四種邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：

Cause and effect 因果關(guān)系

Problem and solution 問題和解決

Compare and contrast 比較和對比

Chronological order 時間順序

學(xué)生需要特別注意文章中的一些“信號”詞(signal words)，幫助發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容之間的邏輯。

2、Ask Text-based Questions學(xué)會思考和問問題

另一個閱讀要求就是要能夠根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容提問題、想問題、解決問題。比如三個層次的問題：基于事實的問題、分析性質(zhì)的問題，(文章觀點、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特色、文本類型等等)、引申性的問題(推斷、主題、和自己過往經(jīng)歷和生活的關(guān)系等等。)這不就契合著托福閱讀的細節(jié)題、推斷題、主旨題……?!!

我們怎么備考托福閱讀提升成績&符合美國大學(xué)要求的能力?

首先我們要知道，托福閱讀的精讀最大的目的在于四點：

1、生詞+學(xué)科核心生詞

2、每道題涉及解題的同義替換

3、長難句的不回讀訓(xùn)練

4、段落中心位置+文章架構(gòu)的積累訓(xùn)練

1、生詞+學(xué)科核心生詞

大批量背完單詞之后怎么能夠讓詞匯的反應(yīng)越來越快?怎么能夠不斷加深詞匯印象?那一定就是做精讀。還有就是有的同學(xué)對于一些學(xué)科話題十分恐慌，詞匯不熟悉內(nèi)容不了解，那么精讀官方真題Official文章就是最好的相識辦法。

像是生物類文章，如果能夠精讀幾篇，再答生物類全都認識了。比如官方真題Official17《共生關(guān)系》里面的parasite, tapeworm, strain,vertebrate等詞，精讀過少量生物類文章，再去做Biological Clocks之類的文章就非常easy了，通篇可以快速讀懂，準確定位，正確率超高。再如精讀過官方真題Official12的Water in Desert，地質(zhì)類詞匯基底你就get到了，什么洼地泥沙石灰?guī)r玄武巖山丘，只要考試出了地質(zhì)類，百分之75以上的基底詞匯你都是認識的，答題就自如多了。

2、每道題涉及解題的同義替換

大多數(shù)題目其實都是可以回歸原文定位解答的。對于熟練掌握托福做題技巧的學(xué)霸們，閱讀對他們來說就是按圖索驥的過程。但是從題目中找到詞匯回文章定位的時候你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，粗定位一個定位詞，全文可能會出現(xiàn)多處。那么怎么辦呢?俗話說：兩點定一線，你的關(guān)鍵詞/定位詞，至少要畫兩個以上還要全都找到。建議大家在定位詞之外加上一些限定詞匯，這樣有助于更準確的找到原文中的答案位置。

3、長難句不回讀訓(xùn)練

俗話說“三行以上必出題”。這些三行以上的句子往往還就是拖慢我們閱讀速度的罪魁禍首。單詞都認識，可就是不理解，讀著讀著以為能茅塞頓開，結(jié)果卻是把前面的內(nèi)容忘記了。針對這個問題，推薦大家在練習(xí)閱讀的階段，拒絕回讀，看到大長句子，習(xí)慣性切割主謂賓。如果有題在句子中，再去精讀理解。

4、段落中心位置+文章架構(gòu)的積累訓(xùn)練

修辭目的題和6選3題怎么做，主要靠精讀的這個步驟實現(xiàn)。全文中心在哪?段落中心在哪?我們在第二三編閱讀的時候要注意標注段落中心在段落中的位置、標注邏輯架構(gòu)的連接詞，準確的把握文章的整體思路。這樣練習(xí)多了，就可做到對文章作預(yù)判，并且在閱讀的過程中就可以很好的把握各段中心思想。

Read and Re-read你的托福文章的具體操作

第一遍： cold read，先把內(nèi)容基本讀下來。標注生詞、難句等看不懂的地方。大概理解內(nèi)容，限時閱讀要盡量快速的讀完并了解文章內(nèi)容并做題不對答案。

第二遍： warm read，查閱詞匯，標注意思后，再讀一遍。讀得仔細一些，加深理解，加強對文章的分析和思考。開始對邏輯框架的把握，可以標注一下邏輯連接詞。第二遍做題后，對答案，發(fā)現(xiàn)前兩遍答案的異同。

第三遍：hot read，透徹地理解內(nèi)容，對文章進行全面的整合和分析;總結(jié)在第二次閱讀后依舊出現(xiàn)錯誤的題目錯誤原因。根據(jù)正確答案回歸原文尋找自己在找定位詞時出現(xiàn)的問題。

像這樣，找出幾篇有代表性的官方真題Official內(nèi)文章進行精細閱讀，可以讓我們把握托福出題的思路、掌握分類的詞匯，了解一些相關(guān)的背景知識，這樣在考試的時候就可以迅速定位、完美解題啦!.

托福閱讀材料之如何延長友情保質(zhì)期

1.Make time for friendships. Nothing makes closeness fade away more than never talking to or seeing each other. While some bonds of friendship may be strong enough to span long silences, most aren't. If you cherish a person's friendship, make time for him or her, whether it's just the occasional phone call, e-mail or a weekly get-together.

為朋友騰出時間。不交流，也不見面會讓朋友日漸疏遠。盡管有的友誼足夠牢固，經(jīng)得起長時間冷卻，但大多數(shù)是不行的。如果你珍惜一人友情，就為他或她留出時間。不管是偶爾打個電話，或是發(fā)一封郵件，又或是周末聚會。

1)On your computer at home or work, make a note to "call friends" regularly.

在你公司或家里的電腦上貼個便條“給朋友打電話”。

2)Keep a Post-it note on the phone, the bathroom mirror, the car dashboard, anywhere you're likely to see it.

貼張便條在電話上，浴室的鏡子上，或汽車擋板上，任何你可能看到的地方。

3)Also make sure your friends' phone numbers are programmed into your phone. Then call a friend when you have a spare 10 minutes.

確認你電話里存有朋友的電話號碼，有空的時候給朋友打個電話。

4)Schedule a regular once-a-month lunch – same time, same place.

定期安排一個月一次的午餐，同一時間，同一地點。

2.Remember: a true friend doesn't flee when changes occur. Nothing is sadder for new parents than to find that their single friends have abandoned them because of the baby. A good friend is one who stays true through it all – marriage, parenthood, new jobs, new homes, any losses. Just because a situation's changed doesn't mean the person has.

記住：真正是朋友是在發(fā)生變故時仍留在你身邊。沒有什么比這更難過了，剛當爸媽卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的單身朋友因為他們有了小孩就放棄了他們。好朋友是能夠經(jīng)歷一切的：結(jié)婚，生兒育女，新工作，新家庭，任何損失。因為情況改變了并不意味人改變了。

3.Make sure you aren't being a burden to a friend. Friendships fade away if there isn't an equilibrium between the give and the take. Be sensitive to how much your friend can and can't offer you – be it time, energy or help – and don't overstep the mark. And vice versa: friendships that drain you will not last. If a friendship is out of balance, talk the situation through.

確保你不會成為朋友的負擔。如果付出和回報不平衡，友誼會逐漸褪色。對于哪些朋友能給予哪些不能給予要很敏感—無論是時間，精力或幫助，不要逾越界限，反之亦然。拖后腿的友誼不會長久的。如果友誼失去了平衡，就要說出來。

4.Be a good listener. It can be the hardest thing in the world to do – simply to listen as he or she pours it all out or is seeking your advice or opinion. To be a better listener, follow this advice:

做一個好的聆聽者。這也許是世界上最難的事情—只是聽他或她的傾訴或是向你尋求建議。做一位好的聆聽者，有以下建議：

1)Maintain eye contact. Offer nods and murmurs to indicate that you understand his or her point of view.

保持眼神交流。時不時的點頭和低語表明你了解他的觀點。

2)Don't finish your friend's sentences. If you catch yourself planning your response while your friend is still talking, gently remind yourself to focus.

不要插話。如果當朋友在講話時你正準備回應(yīng)，提醒你自己集中精力。

3)Minimize distractions – don't write or read e-mails, open the mail or watch television while you're on the phone to your friend. He or she will hear the lack of interest in your responses.

盡量減少分心—當你在接朋友電話時不要寫或閱讀電子郵件，打開郵件或看電視。他或她會在你的回答中聽到冷漠。

4)Be careful with advice. Assume your friend wants to let off steam, not necessarily ask for a plan of action.

提供建議需謹慎。假使你的朋友只是想發(fā)泄不滿，不一定是尋求行動的計劃。

5.Be in your friend's corner if he or she's not there to defend him or herself. If you're at a gathering at which someone mentions your friend disparagingly, defend him or her against gossip or criticism. Say, "Mary is my friend, and it makes me feel bad to hear you talk this way." Sooner or later, news of your loyalty will travel back to your pal, and it will deepen your friendship.

當朋友不在場時要站出來為他們辯護。當你站在一群人中正在說你朋友的壞話，你要站出來為他辯護，說，“瑪麗是我的朋友，你們這樣說她，我感覺很不好?！痹缤恚闩笥褧滥銓τ亚榈闹艺\，而且會加深你們的友誼。

托福閱讀材料之國際空間站

The crew of the International Space Station have been forced to reduce power after half the cooling system suddenly shut down over the weekend.

Nasa officials insisted the three Americans and three Russians aboard were not in danger.

Urgent spacewalk repairs are being discussed for this week.

Without thermal controls，temperatures on the ISS‘s Sun-facing side can soar to 121C (250F)，plunging to minus 157C (-250F) on the dark side，Nasa says.

“There might be a comfortable spot somewhere in the middle of the station，but searching for it wouldn’t be much fun，” a statement on its website adds.

The station is now operating on a single string，the Associated Press reports，and has no safeguard in case of further cooling system failures.

Alarms sound

Trouble arose on Saturday night when one of the two ammonia-fed cooling loops shut down，triggering alarms throughout the ISS.

The two ammonia lines ensure that all the station‘s electronic equipment does not overheat.

Astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson set in motion equipment shutdown procedures and，with crewmate Douglas Wheelock，installed a jumper cable to keep all the rooms cool.

The Global Positioning System circuit，several power converters and a set of devices that route commands to various pieces of equipment were switched off.

Two of the four gyroscopes - part of the space station’s pointing and navigating system - were initially shut down but the crew installed a jumper cable to bring up a third gyroscope，leaving the station in a much more stable position，AP says.

Flight controllers tried to restart the disabled ammonia pump early on Sunday but the circuit breaker tripped again.

Any repairs later this week almost certainly will involve replacing the faulty ammonia pump，a difficult job that would require two spacewalks，AP adds.

“It‘s pretty clear that we’re going to want to have a course of action to take as quickly as possible，” Nasa spokesman Rob Navias said at the Johnson Space Center in Houston，Texas.

“This is not something we want to linger over.”

Two spare pumps are stored on the outside of the station. Two of the Americans on board are already scheduled to conduct a spacewalk on Thursday for routine maintenance.

No space shuttle visits to the ISS are planned before November.