托福閱讀高分必須跨過這3道難關(guān)

托福閱讀高分必須跨過這3道難關(guān),匯總指點常見問題應對技巧?今天給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x高分必須跨過這3道難關(guān),希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀高分必須跨過這3道難關(guān) 匯總指點常見問題應對技巧

托福 閱讀備考先過詞匯關(guān)

托?？荚?中詞匯是比較重要的考點，而閱讀則是考察詞匯量的主要部分之一，因此考生想要做好閱讀，首先就需要解決詞匯問題，特別是在考試中遇到生詞時的應對技巧。托福閱讀中的文章很多都是從一些原版刊物上選取改編而成的，因此文章涉及到的話題范圍也相當之廣，科學文化、自然科技、歷史藝術(shù)、天文地理等等無所不包。而這就會造成文章中常會出現(xiàn)各類大家在背托福單詞時也沒有接觸過的生詞。因此，考生首先要有在托福閱讀中遭遇生詞“偷襲”的心理準備。有些同學做閱讀遇到生詞就會產(chǎn)生恐慌心理影響發(fā)揮，這其實是完全沒有必要的，應對生詞完全可以通過采用這些方法來進行合理應對不影響做題：

1. 如果生詞本身是屬于專業(yè)性的詞匯，那么這些詞匯出現(xiàn)的目標就并不是為了考察大家的詞匯量，而是檢查考生應對生詞的應變能力。而且這些生詞本身也常會成為出題點，考生只要圍繞這類詞匯多加留意就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不少用于理解生詞和解答題目的線索。

2. 其次，生詞常會附帶有解釋說明，有時候緊跟在詞匯之后以同位語形式出現(xiàn)，有時候則會給出線索讓大家結(jié)合上下文得出解釋。托?？荚囬喿x的大部分生詞都是以這種形式存在的，大家如果不認識這類詞匯，直接在詞匯周圍其實就能找到解答，不用擔心會出現(xiàn)不認識生詞就做不了題的情況。

托福閱讀如何通過限時難關(guān)?

除了生詞問題外，考生在做托福閱讀時還有一個比較容易遇到的問題就是時間限制。大家都知道托福考試的時間限制是比較嚴格的，閱讀部分也是如此，考生假如在備考中沒有專門做過限時方面的訓練，實戰(zhàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)做題時間不夠用也就很正常了。面對時間不夠用的情況，小編建議大家具體情況具體分析，到底是閱讀速度太慢還是解題效率偏低，找到耗時太多的原因之后再進行一些針對性的訓練來解決問題。另外，如果時間問題真的很嚴重，甚至到了會影響整體答題節(jié)奏的地步，那么大家也不妨考慮對于某些明顯會消耗很多時間的閱讀題目采取直接猜答案跳過的方法來進行應對。雖然放棄一道題目有點可惜，但如果能夠因此而獲得更多時間做對更多后面的題目，小編認為這種犧牲其實也是完全值得的，畢竟有舍才能有得。

托福閱讀怎樣攻克理解難關(guān)?

最后要說的就是托福閱讀中出現(xiàn)的看不懂文章的情況。文章看得太快，或者看到后面忘了前面都會造成文章看不懂的問題。而降低速度又可能導致時間不夠用?？赡艽蠹視虼擞X得不知道如何平衡兩者之間的關(guān)系。小編的建議是考生自己通過多做題來嘗試找到速度和理解力之間的平衡點。如果出現(xiàn)看不懂的情況就適當放慢速度，能看懂了再稍微提個速，反復測試之下應該很快就能找到最適合自己的閱讀速度，既能保證讀文章的效率又不會影響對文章的理解。這樣一來問題就得到解決了。

托福閱讀提分的三大步驟

第一，掌握詞匯

在托?？荚嚨膫淇歼^程中，詞匯是至關(guān)重要的，每一道題都和單詞息息相關(guān)。背單詞的根本捷徑就是要堅持。首先選擇一本亂序的托福詞匯書，按計劃每天背誦一百個左右，這一百個單詞可以分三組來背，早上三十，中午三十，下午三十。記住背完單詞之后，當天晚上一定要進行復習和檢查，檢查的方式可以是英譯中，中譯英或者聽譯，整理出沒有記住的單詞，第二天早晨復習。然后集中刷托福的詞匯題，一天刷50題左右，在刷題的過程中積累核心詞匯。

第二，熟悉背景知識

很多學生在練習的過程中會遇到內(nèi)容太陌生的文章，以至于很難投入做題。比如TPO里面有一篇文章講到化學元素周期表，部分學生覺得讀起來很費勁，然而化學專業(yè)的學生做起來很爽。托福閱讀內(nèi)容的難度是國外大學程度的學術(shù)類文章的難度。所以學生在復習備考的過程中，如果時間充足的話，可以對托福閱讀所涉及的背景知識多一些了解，擴大知識面，比如讀一些 The Economist 的文章。如果時間比較緊張，建議就拿TPO就可以了，通過做TPO了解相關(guān)背景知識。做完一篇文章后，還要整體地總結(jié)一下文章大意和思路，總結(jié)出每一段的段落大意。

第三，運用解題技巧

托福閱讀考試一共有十種題型，詞匯題，句子簡化題，指代題和句子插入題是對核心詞匯，句子核心意思和段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的考察;細節(jié)題，推斷題，否定信息題和修辭目的題是對文章細節(jié)的考察;六選三和表格題是對文章的分析和總結(jié)。

1. 細節(jié)題要注意利用關(guān)鍵詞定位，關(guān)鍵詞選擇數(shù)字，人名地名和專有名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子，和選項進行核對的時候注意同義替換，比如：

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals.

In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?

A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.

B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.

C. It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.

D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞blowhole定位到 and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals，核對選項，conceal 和disguise 同義替換。

2. 句子簡化題要求正確選項能夠準確表達原句的核心意思，保證邏輯關(guān)系不變 (因果，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，比較，并列)，主體不變和修飾不變。我們可以先從邏輯關(guān)系入手，排除一些選項，比如：

The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubstence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

A Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the country because Democrates dominated in other areas.

B Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.

C The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy .

D The Democrats' power was greatest in poor areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully opening.

原句的“whereas”表示對比，與之相一致的只有D選項的“while”。

托福閱讀素材練習：圓頂?shù)男∥?/strong>

內(nèi)容回憶：

文章講了冰屋的一些特點，包括怎么建造的。然后一段時間屋頂化了就要打開門 refreeze。冰屋是錐形的，不是半球，因為半球不好建，需要 support。

參考閱讀：

An igloo (Inuit language: iglu,[1] Inuktitut syllabics ??? [i??lu] (plural: igluit ????? [i?lu?it])), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of snow, typically built when the snow can be easily compacted.

Although igloos are stereotypically associated with all Inuit,[2] they were traditionally associated with people of Canada's Central Arctic and Greenland's Thule area. Other Inuit people tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from whalebone and hides. Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an insulator. On the outside, temperatures may be as low as -45 ° C (-49 ° F), but on the inside the temperature may range from -7 ° C (19 ° F) to 16 ° C (61 ° F) when warmed by body heat alone.

Snow igloos are built in the shape of a catenoid, which offers optimal ratios between the height and diameter of the structure to eliminate the structural tension which could otherwise cause it to implode or bulge. The stresses of snow as it ages and compresses against the igloo will not cause it to buckle because in an inverted paraboloid or catenoid the pressures are exclusively compressive.[10]

This design originates from the Central Inuit.[10] In applied mechanics, the equation for this type of structure is written y = a(cosh x/a- 1) where y is the height to any point in the surface, x is the horizontal distance to the same point, and a is a constant.[10]

Since stress is a force per unit area, if the walls are of uniform thickness the compressive stress is independent of wall thickness; thicker walls provide better insulation but do not strengthen the structure because of added weight.[12]

托福閱讀材料練習：手指的感應

whether you're a hunt-and-peck typist or a rachmaninoff of the keyboard, you will make mistakes. but it's not just your eyes catching typos when you see them on the screen. your hands know when you mess up too. that’s according to a study in the journal science. [gordon logan and matthew crump, "cognitive illusions of authorship reveal hierarchical error detection in skilled typists"]

researchers recruited expert typists—college students, of course—and showed them 600 five-letter words, one at a time. and they asked the students to type those words as quickly and accurately as possible. but sometimes, the researchers inserted typos in the word as it appeared on screen, when the students hadn’t made one. other times they automatically corrected typos the students did make.

and the students tended to believe the screen. so if a typo had been added, they figured they must have messed up. if a typo had been corrected they thought they typed it right. but the hands didn't fall for it. when the fingers slipped up, they paused a split second longer than usual before typing the next letter. but they didn't pause when fake typos appeared on-screen only. so we apparently have two discrete mechanisms guarding against typing errors, one visual, the other tactile. to fox quick brown fixes. to fix quick brown foxes.

托福閱讀中的高頻詞匯

遺跡，遺跡或殘骸，陵墓，手工藝品，凝聚性，領(lǐng)土的，文明

關(guān)鍵副詞，這類詞往往很不顯眼，但是會左右整個句子的含義，他們是最需要加以注意的對象。一些看起來含有否定前綴的詞可能是肯定含義，而一些完全沒有否定詞綴的副詞卻可能是真正的殺手!

例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geographer，astronomer

(人類學家，考古學家，古生物學家，動物學家，地理學家，天文學家)

這類的詞匯大家無需記住拼寫，只要在閱讀中出現(xiàn)可以辨認就足以。在面對未知的專有名詞時，至少要判斷他們存在于那個學科，才好進行下一步的推理。

地質(zhì)、地貌：這類文章在托福學術(shù)閱讀中比重很大。建議大家對常用詞匯進行積累。

例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid

歷史、考古，這類題材是分水輪流轉(zhuǎn)的對象，也要加以注意。尤其是歷史文章的考法不是單純的講古，而是從各個層面切入，有很多的表現(xiàn)形式。可能是古人類的遷徙，那就是人類歷史。貿(mào)易和交通運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展，那就是經(jīng)濟史，等等。

例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization

火山，(地)層，礫巖，喀斯特地貌(石灰?guī)r的一種地形)，多孔的(有透氣性與透水性)，可滲透的，隕石，小行星

氣候、動物與生態(tài)：與生物和地球有關(guān)的話題是托福永遠的寵兒。

例如：unpredictable，vary，rangefrom，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial