托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題高正確率解題技巧思路匯總分享
今天給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x簡(jiǎn)化題高正確率解題技巧思路匯總,希望能夠幫助到大家在托?？荚囍心酶叻?，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題高正確率解題技巧思路匯總分享
托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題題型簡(jiǎn)介
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題針對(duì)的是托福閱讀文章中有些難度的句子，題目問法常常是固定的：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.考生在答題時(shí)，可以根據(jù)文章中的背景句子來馬上找到句子出處。
托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題的正確選項(xiàng)一定包含了原句的主要意思，同時(shí)在邏輯上不會(huì)有變化。而根據(jù)題干中錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征描述“change the meaning in important ways”、“l(fā)eave out essential information”，可知該題型錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)會(huì)遺漏原句的重要信息或者是加入原句中沒有的意義。
托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題答題方法
考生在解答這類題型時(shí)，一般步驟分為三步：①首先看句子的類型是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)雜句，簡(jiǎn)單句即只有主、謂、賓沒有其他修飾成分的句子，復(fù)雜句則是加入了一些修飾性成分，往往不容易一眼看出重點(diǎn)的句子。②根據(jù)上一步的判斷，如果是復(fù)雜句，需要考生先找出句子主干，如果是簡(jiǎn)單句，則不需要，接下來則需要分析句子中有沒有明顯的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是利用句子中的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞，比如指示因果關(guān)系的有：Therefore, due to, as, for, thus, hence, consequently以及能夠表達(dá)“引起、造成”、“起源于、由…而來”意義的詞，指示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞是：also, both…and…, either...or..., equally, similarly 等。③在確定了句子主干和邏輯之后，接下來需要對(duì)選項(xiàng)中句子作簡(jiǎn)要分析，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)的邏輯和主干是不是和原句一致。
托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題答題技巧
句子簡(jiǎn)化題的以上答題方法比較繁瑣，考生需要分析原句和選項(xiàng)句5個(gè)句子才能評(píng)判出答案。所以在這個(gè)題型解答中考生如果可以掌握一些技巧必定能減輕不少負(fù)擔(dān)。這類題型的答題技巧其實(shí)正是來自于上述方法：邏輯解題法。邏輯解題依據(jù)的是句子的改寫不會(huì)改變句子邏輯這個(gè)原理?？忌梢越Y(jié)合并列邏輯和托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題來查看具體示例。
托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題注意事項(xiàng)
考生可以了解到這類題型考察的是句子的理解，所以很多考生可能會(huì)利用“翻譯”方式來理解這個(gè)句子，要知道這種解題方法會(huì)使得考生的工作量加大，而且往往翻譯有時(shí)候并不能表現(xiàn)原句的邏輯概念，會(huì)造成考生的理解偏差，所以大家應(yīng)該避免。
托?？荚囬喿x文章練習(xí)
Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the
cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America.
They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the
elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use
of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of
social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and
the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent
craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote
historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared
to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China."
Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760,
cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen
years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than
200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a
population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed
into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia’s population nearly doubted
in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same
rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775.
The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities.
The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the
mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available
farmland was occupied, there was little in the region beyond the city to attract
immigrants. New York and Philadelphia, by contrast, served a rich and fertile
hinterland laced with navigable watercourses. Scots, Irish, and Germans landed
in these cities and followed the rivers inland. The regions around the cities of
New York and Philadelphia became the breadbaskets of North America, sending
grain not only to other colonies but also to England and southern Europe, where
crippling droughts in the late 1760’s created a whole new market.
1. Which of the following aspects of North America in the eighteenth
century does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The effects of war on the growth of cities
(B) The growth and influence of cities
(C) The decline of farming in areas surrounding cities
(D) The causes of immigration to cities
2. Why does the author say that "the cities had a disproportionate
influence on the development of North America" (lines 1-2)?
(A) The influence of the cities was mostly negative
(B) The populations of the cities were small, but their influence was
great.
(C) The cities were growing at a great rate.
(D) Most people pretended to live in cities
3. The phrase "in place of " in lines 4-5 is closest in meaning to
(A) connected to
(B) in addition to
(C) because of
(D) instead of
4. The word "attendant" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) avoidable
(B) accompanying
(C) unwelcome
(D) unexpected
5. Which of the following is mentioned as an element of modern
capitalism?
(A) Open competition
(B) Social deference
(C) Social hierarchy
(D) Independent craftspeople
6. It can be inferred that in comparison with North American cities, cities
in Europe, the Middle East, and China had
(A) large populations
(B) little independence
(C) frequent social disorder
(D) few power sources
7. The phrase "exponential leaps" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) long wars
(B) new laws
(C) rapid increases
(D) exciting changes
8. The word "it" in line 15 refers to
(A) population
(B) size
(C) Boston
(D) Year
9. How many immigrants arrived in North America between 1760 and 1775?
(A) About 16,000
(B) About 25,000
(C) About 30,000
(D) More than 200,000
10. The word "dictated" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) spoiled
(B) reduced
(C) determined
(D) divided
11. The word "virtually" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) usually
(B) hardly
(C) very quickly
(D) almost completely
12. The region surrounding New York and Philadelphia is contrasted with the
region surrounding Boston in terms of
(A) quality of farmland
(B) origin of immigrants
(C) opportunities for fishing
(D) type of grain grown
13. Why does the author describe the regions around the cities of New York
and Philadelphia as "breadbaskets"?
(A) They produced grain especially for making bread.
(B) They stored large quantities of grain during periods of drought
(C) They supplied grain to other parts of North America and other
countries.
(D) They consumed more grain than all the other regions of North
America.
BBDBA ACADC DAC
托福考試閱讀文章練習(xí)
The spectacular aurora light displays that appear in Earth’s atmosphere
around the north and south magnetic poles were once mysterious phenomena. Now,
scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations from which we
know that the aurora brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to
that occurring in a neon sign.
To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its
magnetosphere, a huge region created by the Earth’s magnetic field. Outside the
magnetosphere, blasting toward the earth is the solar wind, a swiftly moving
plasma of ionized gases with its own magnetic filed. Charged particles in this
solar wind speed earthward along the solar wind’s magnetic lines of force with a
spiraling motion. The Earth’s magnetosphere is a barrier to the solar winds, and
forces the charged particles of the solar wind to flow around the magnetosphere
itself. But in the polar regions, the magnetic lines of force of the Earth and
of the solar wind bunch together. Here many of the solar wind’s charged
particles break through the magnetosphere and enter Earth’s magnetic field. They
then spiral back and forth between the Earth’s magnetic poles very rapidly. In
the polar regions, electrons from the solar wind ionize and excite the atoms and
molecules of the upper atmosphere, causing them to emit aurora radiations of
visible light.
The colors of an aurora depend on the atoms emitting them. The dominant
greenish white light comes from low energy excitation of oxygen atoms. During
huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and emit
crimson light. Excited nitrogen atoms contribute bands of color varying from
blue to violet. Viewed from outer space, auroras can be seen as dimly glowing
belts wrapped around each of the Earth’s magnetic poles. Each aurora hangs like
a curtain of light stretching over the polar regions and into the higher
latitudes. When the solar flares that result in magnetic storms and aurora
activity are very intense, aurora displays may extend as far as the southern
regions of the United States.
Studies of auroras have given physicists new information about the behavior
of plasmas, which has helped to explain the nature of outer space and is being
applied in attempts to harness energy from the fusion of atoms.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The methods used to observe auroras from outer space
(B) The formation and appearance of auroras around the Earth’s poles
(C) The factors that cause the variety of colors in auroras
(D) The periodic variation in the display of auroras
2. The word "phenomena" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) ideas
(B) stars
(C) events
(D) colors
3. The word "picture" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) frame
(B) imagine
(C) describe
(D) explain
4. The passage describes the magnetosphere as a barrier (line 10)
because
(A) its position makes it difficult to be observed from Earth
(B) it prevents particles from the solar wind from easily entering Earth’s
atmosphere
(C) it increases the speed of particles from the solar wind
(D) it is strongest in the polar regions
5. The word "them" in line 16 refers to (A) polar regions
(B) electrons
(C) atoms and molecules
(D) aurora radiations
-
6. According to the passage , which color appears most frequently in an
aurora display?
(A) greenish-white
(B) crimson
(C) blue
(D) violet
7. The word "emit" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) change from
(B) connect with
(C) add to
(D) give off
8. The word "glowing" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) shining
(B) moving
(C) charging
(D) hanging
9. Auroras may be seen in the southern regions of the United Sates when
(A) magnetic storms do not affect Earth
(B) solar flares are very intense
(C) the speed of the solar wind is reduced
(D) the excitation of atoms is low
10. The passage supports which of the following statements about
scientists’ understanding of auroras?
(A) Before advances in technology, including satellites, scientists knew
little about auroras.
(B) New knowledge about the fusion of atoms allowed scientists to learn
more about auroras.
(C) Scientists cannot explain the cause of the different colors in
auroras.
(D) Until scientists learn more about plasma physics, little knowledge
about auroras will be available.
11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) "magnetosphere" (line 6)
(B) "electrons" (line 15)
(C) "ionize" (line 15)
(D) "fusion" (line 29)
BCBBC ADABA A
托福閱讀簡(jiǎn)化題高正確率解題技巧思路匯總分享
