托福閱讀句子插入題不知道該放到哪個(gè)位置

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-09-03 04:19:22

托福閱讀句子插入題不知道該放到哪個(gè)位置?精選解題思路實(shí)例分析?今天給大家?guī)?lái)了托福閱讀精選解題思路實(shí)例分析,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀句子插入題不知道該放到哪個(gè)位置?精選解題思路實(shí)例分析

托福閱讀插入題到底考什么?

做題之前，我們先一起了解下，托福閱讀題的出題意圖是什么：

1、考查是否理解文章內(nèi)部邏輯關(guān)系。

一般考查段落內(nèi)部-句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

2、考查是否知道段落間重要的指示詞和連詞的作用。

只有了解起著文章銜接作用的連詞的用法，才能緊隨文章邏輯。

托福閱讀插入題解題思路實(shí)操演練

例：

Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

In either case, the heated water will usually be under considerable pressure, and so may have a temperature that is well above its sea-level boiling point of 100 centigrade.

Earth's internal heat, fueled by radioactivity, provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes. It can also be harnessed to drive electric generators and heat homes. Geothermal energy becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a subsurface region of hot rocks (a heat reservoir) that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep. ■【A】The water is usually naturally occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. ■【B】The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose.■【C】?By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80° to 180° centigrade. ■【D】Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces.More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.

(官方真題Official-21: Geothermal Energy)

做句子插入題主要依賴(lài)的是語(yǔ)言線(xiàn)索，所以

第一步：仔細(xì)閱讀待插入的句子，弄清含義，找出其中包含的銜接手段，預(yù)測(cè)可能存在的語(yǔ)境。也就是：In either case, the heated water will usually be under considerable pressure, and so may have a temperature that is well above its sea-level boiling point of 100 centigrade.

句子中出現(xiàn)“either case”, either表示兩者中“或者，任一”，意味著原文必提及兩種“case”;

第二步：讀原文，找線(xiàn)索

■ The water is usually occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. ■ The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose.■ By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relative low temperature of 80 to 180℃entigrade.■

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)原文首句提及“The water is usually occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock;”一種情況外，還提到了“l(fā)ess typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface”這種情況，滿(mǎn)足了“兩種case”的猜測(cè)。

于是，我們把待插入句放到第二個(gè)小黑框前，檢查一遍，邏輯通順。

這道題中我們的解題突破口是一個(gè)叫“either”的詞，除它以外，還有哪些詞可能有邏輯銜接擔(dān)當(dāng)呢?

常見(jiàn)銜接手段：

1.語(yǔ)法銜接手段

語(yǔ)法銜接手段主要指代詞，包括指示代詞和人稱(chēng)代詞。

指示代詞：this, these, it, such, another, that, these, those

b. 人稱(chēng)代詞：he, she, one, they, his, her, one’s, their

c. 定冠詞：the

d. such, either, same等

說(shuō)明插入句的內(nèi)容上文有提到。

2. 邏輯銜接手段：

a. 因果: because, therefore, thus, consequently, so, as a result

b. 對(duì)比: however, on the contrary , nevertheless, unlike, in contrast , while, although, but

c. 遞進(jìn): furthermore , also, as well, too, other, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally

托?？荚囬喿x文章練習(xí)

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships’ figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today’s use of the word.

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770’s when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King’s Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770’s.

(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.

2. The word "motifs" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(D) designs

3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(D) Cabinetmakers

4. The word "others" in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(D) shop signs

5. The word "distinct" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(D) inferior

6. The word "rare" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(D) unexpected

7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.

8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.

(D) The materials found abroad were superior.

9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more dangerous.

(D) It was less refined.

BDCAA BABD

托?？荚囬喿x文章練習(xí)

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the

United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in

small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and

moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology

that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to

urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers

increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape.

Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the

precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city.

But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears

and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities

were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms

that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and

sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and

electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately

owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential

services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and

state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of

cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms

argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to

these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked

at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment

influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to

guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but

the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took

place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth

century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely

rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans

for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to

residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial

development.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century

(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal

(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century

2. The word "bias" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) diagonal

(B) slope

(D) prejudice

3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural

areas

(A) were suspicious of their neighbors

(B) were very proud of their lifestyle

(D) wanted to move to the cities

4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city

in order to

(A) participate in the urban reform movement

(B) seek financial security

(D) avoid crime and corruption

5. The word "embraced" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) suggested

(B) overestimated

(D) welcomed

6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility

companies?

(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city

dwellers.

(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth

regulations.

(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural

areas.

7. The word "exorbitant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) additional

(B) expensive

(D) modified

8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms

EXCEPT

(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility

companies

(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments

(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local

governments

9. The word "Proponents" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) Experts

(B) Pioneers

(D) Supporters

10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)?

(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities

(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas

(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

CDBBD ABDDA

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