GRE填空閱讀9大解題細(xì)節(jié)技巧逐一解析
GRE填空閱讀9大解題細(xì)節(jié)技巧逐一解析, 名師手把手教你搞定VERBAL,下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
GRE填空閱讀9大解題細(xì)節(jié)技巧逐一解析 名師手把手教你搞定VERBAL
新GRE語(yǔ)文部分填空題解題技巧
1. 粘連的上下句結(jié)構(gòu)：指上下句重復(fù)以分號(hào)、逗號(hào)或冒號(hào)分開，包括
雙重否定句與肯定句的重復(fù)：it’swrong/foolish/presumptuous to say that…
主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的重復(fù)：A—B;B—by A, 或者by有以下替代：is theresult/outgrowth/product of。
逆否命題重復(fù)：
非A—非B; B—by A。如果出現(xiàn)A—B;B—A結(jié)構(gòu)，定是二者之一。
比較句重復(fù)：同級(jí)比較有same, similar, as…as…， matter neither more nor lessthan, 如果只出現(xiàn)一種比較結(jié)構(gòu)，仍要求填出比較的一方，更簡(jiǎn)單，只需讓比較雙方構(gòu)成反義詞。
less后的空格要求填一個(gè)形容詞，表示某種精神狀態(tài)，這種隱含的比較結(jié)構(gòu)是考試的一大熱點(diǎn)，一定要找到這種隱含的比較結(jié)構(gòu)的比較雙方究竟是什么。另外有compare with,in contrast to, beyond.
差級(jí)比較：in comparison with, relatively, by comparison, (less adj., more adj.半句有這樣的結(jié)構(gòu))。
手段目的句重復(fù)：by表手段，for表目的，可以填同義詞或上義詞;有時(shí)候會(huì)用兩次by，by可被in termsof替代;有時(shí)一次by，后面跟動(dòng)名詞或抽象名詞，直接將目的部分轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞形式。to do sth./ in order to do sth. / attempt to do
特殊并列句：兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，原因從句，狀語(yǔ)從句等，解題應(yīng)在并列從句之間進(jìn)行推理，不必考慮主句與從句之間關(guān)系。
時(shí)間對(duì)比型：時(shí)間相反，一切對(duì)稱成分相反(動(dòng)作、目的、原因、狀態(tài)、觀點(diǎn)等)，標(biāo)志詞有once, formerly, present, recent, erstwhile,hereto, hitherto, 或until, no longer等。如果時(shí)間相同，對(duì)稱狀態(tài)也相同，initial和once對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)相同。Until單獨(dú)使用等同于before，意味著時(shí)間對(duì)比型題目，nolonger只能修飾過(guò)去的狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作。usually和inthis particular experiment構(gòu)成時(shí)間對(duì)比。
2. 粘連的小連接結(jié)構(gòu);各種連詞如and, but, rather than(不是，而不是)，even, as…as…， so…as to(結(jié)果是，如此以至于)。
And表并列、時(shí)間的順承及因果關(guān)系。without…or…連接的為同義詞;correspondingly提示填與上文同義的詞，equally, such, similar,corresponding提供重復(fù)。
遞進(jìn)：方向相同，程度加強(qiáng)或減弱
轉(zhuǎn)折：whatever表轉(zhuǎn)折，in fact/actually表轉(zhuǎn)折，but可連接褒貶轉(zhuǎn)折和遞進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)折。Indeed表遞進(jìn)。whereas與while一樣表對(duì)照而不是轉(zhuǎn)折，所以前后主體詞只要不同即可，不一定要相反。For all盡管，雖然
轉(zhuǎn)折句型：whether…or; whether…or whether; not…but/rather;rather; rather than; unlike; instead; far from.
轉(zhuǎn)折讓步中只能是感情取反，不能是意義取反;但轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系里大都是意義取反。
but nevertheless同時(shí)出現(xiàn)意味著遞進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)填程度上變化的詞，通常遞進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)折為：even though, but nevertheless, though…even
句首的as serious as表達(dá)了一種讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，類似的：As poor as he is, he is honest.
either…or…連接一組反義詞。
as…as…連接兩個(gè)形容詞，且為同義詞。He is asnot smart as he is healthy. 意為：他既不聰明又不健康
3. 粘連的照應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)：直接點(diǎn)明的重復(fù)方法，如人稱代詞、指示代詞、定冠詞，如such, its, this, it, the,
4. 粘連的主體詞匯：起到題眼的作用。
主體動(dòng)詞： Contain, remain表示前后一致，although___, continue結(jié)構(gòu)表程度轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處填程度下降的詞。相對(duì)的是shift from…to…， oscillate between…and…， turn …to…，reconcile…with…paradoxical, ironically, puzzling,surprising 意味著一組反義詞的出現(xiàn)。
表人物身份：醫(yī)生是恢復(fù)健康salvage，企業(yè)間永遠(yuǎn)是是否盈利，下級(jí)服從上級(jí)，可以直接應(yīng)用不用考慮原文含義?？茖W(xué)家和其理論，作者和書等，作為特殊同義詞處理。
描述人或事物性質(zhì)或特征動(dòng)作：判斷句;詞組：regard/view/consider/label/portray…as…;物主動(dòng)詞加特征性格或動(dòng)作，如his intransigence;of結(jié)構(gòu)做后置定語(yǔ)。要記住，不管是發(fā)生何種邏輯關(guān)系都是針對(duì)主體詞的。
新GRE語(yǔ)文部分閱讀題解題技巧
1. 把握GRE閱讀題中文章的句子主干
對(duì)于語(yǔ)法知識(shí)有一定的要求，力求做到一句話只看一遍，充分利用自己的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，時(shí)刻把握句子主干，修飾成分要毫無(wú)感覺地快速瀏覽。注意，這里的“毫無(wú)感覺”不是略讀，而是不希望過(guò)多的修飾成分或插入成分影響對(duì)句子主干的理解，這四個(gè)字還需要自己多練習(xí)體會(huì)。
2. 在做GRE閱讀題時(shí)要做好標(biāo)記
在GRE閱讀文章中，除了大寫字母、時(shí)間年代、最高級(jí)、轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞、因果標(biāo)志詞、列舉、讓步、強(qiáng)對(duì)比以外，還要標(biāo)記出并列連接詞(比如and)、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、表示作者態(tài)度的詞(褒義貶義詞等)。這些內(nèi)容往往都意味著出題點(diǎn)和解題點(diǎn)，標(biāo)記好可以有助于理清解題思路。
關(guān)于做標(biāo)記的小竅門介紹：標(biāo)記符號(hào)不要只用一種下劃線，也不要標(biāo)記過(guò)多弄得到處都是，個(gè)人感覺最多三種，比如分別標(biāo)記原因、轉(zhuǎn)折和其他即可。常用符號(hào)可以是下劃線或者括號(hào)等。
3. GRE閱讀題訓(xùn)練要懂得取舍
GRE考試閱讀題解題技巧的訓(xùn)練標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是
a. 讓步分句(如：帶although的分句、帶it is true的分句、帶do的分句等)一律跳過(guò)(但是用括號(hào)括起來(lái))，只看后半個(gè)分句;
b. such as后的內(nèi)容一律跳過(guò)，也用括號(hào)括起來(lái)，最好數(shù)數(shù)列舉的個(gè)數(shù)，如果是4個(gè)，則必出題，其他個(gè)數(shù)不用管，出題了再回頭看;
c. for example舉例只要提煉關(guān)鍵詞的首字母就可以了，也要括起來(lái)，重點(diǎn)看后面或前面的結(jié)論。
d. 原因——標(biāo)志詞常為because、since—— 一律跳過(guò)，括起來(lái)，只看結(jié)果。比較容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到這兩個(gè)，可以用下劃線做標(biāo)記。
e. 老觀點(diǎn)只把握關(guān)鍵詞、知道講的是什么就行，其他一律跳過(guò)。
f. 冒號(hào)后一律跳過(guò)，冒號(hào)下做標(biāo)記。
g. 分號(hào)后一律跳過(guò)，因?yàn)楸硎静⒘?，?nèi)容和前面大體一致，分號(hào)做標(biāo)記，出題的話再回來(lái)看。
4. 反復(fù)做GRE閱讀題
這是提高GRE閱讀速度的秘訣：反復(fù)閱讀已經(jīng)讀過(guò)的文章，建議3-5遍左右，慢慢就會(huì)養(yǎng)成一種直覺，知道哪里略讀哪里重讀。
5. GRE閱讀題中段首段尾要把握好
每段首句和全文末句一定仔細(xì)看。因?yàn)檫@往往是這段內(nèi)容的主旨和總結(jié)，也是比較常見的出題點(diǎn)。
上面就是為大家總結(jié)的一些新GRE語(yǔ)文題的解題技巧，希望大家能參考學(xué)習(xí)一下，在提高新GRE語(yǔ)文成績(jī)的同時(shí)還可以了解更多的GRE閱讀技巧。
GRE閱讀題目解析:旅鴿滅絕
P14
Although the passenger pigeons, now extinct, were abundant in eighteenth- and nineteenth century America, archaeological studies at twelfth-century Cahokian sites in the present day United States examined household food trash and found that traces of passenger pigeon were quite rare. Given that the sites were close to a huge passenger pigeon roost documented by John James Audubon in the nineteenth century and that Cahokians consumed almost every other animal protein source available, the archaeologists conducting the studies concluded the passenger pigeon population had once been very limited before increasing dramatically in post-Columbian America. Other archaeologists have criticized those conclusions on the grounds that passenger pigeon bones would not be likely to be preserved. But all the archaeological projects found plenty of bird bones- and even tiny bones from fish.
1. The author of the passage mentions “tiny bones from fish” primarily in order to
A. explain why traces of passenger pigeon are rare at Cahokian sites
B. support a claim about the wide variety of animal proteins in the Cahokian diet
C. provide evidence that confirms a theory about the extinction of the passenger pigeon
D. cast doubt on the conclusion reached by the archaeologists who conducted the studies discussed in the passage
E. counter an objection to an interpretation of the data obtained from Cahokian sites
2. Which of the following, if true, would most call into question the reasoning of “the archaeologists conducting the studies”?
A. Audubon was unable to correctly identify twelfth-century Cahokian sites
B. Audubon made his observations before passenger pigeon populations began to decline.
C. Passenger pigeons would have been attracted to household food trash
D. Archaeologist have found passenger pigeon remains among food waste at eighteenth century human settlements
E. Passenger pigeons tended not to roost at the same sites for very many generations
P14
1
Although the passenger pigeons, now extinct, were abundant in eighteenth- and nineteenth century America, archaeological studies at twelfth-century Cahokian sites in the present day United States examined household food trash and found that traces of passenger pigeon were quite rare.
盡管現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)絕跡的旅鴿，在十八和十九世紀(jì)的美洲曾相當(dāng)繁盛，但現(xiàn)在美國(guó)進(jìn)行的關(guān)于十二世紀(jì) C 遺址的研究，檢查了家庭食物殘?jiān)?，發(fā)現(xiàn)旅鴿的痕跡相當(dāng)罕見。
(
旅鴿 [passenger pigeon]
鳩鴿科鴿亞科已滅絕的鴿，學(xué)名Ectopistes migratorius。體長(zhǎng)約32厘米，尾長(zhǎng)而尖，雄鳥體呈淡粉紅色，頭藍(lán)灰色。19世紀(jì)初有數(shù)十億只旅鴿棲息于北美東部，遷徙鳥可遮天蔽日達(dá)數(shù)天之久。獵人開始大量屠殺旅鴿，還用火車把它們運(yùn)到城市里的肉品市場(chǎng)銷售。最后一只叫“馬莎”的旅鴿在1914年死于辛辛那提動(dòng)物園。旅鴿的滅絕是獵禽銷售終止的主要原因，成為保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要推動(dòng)力。
(大英袖珍百科)
PS：信鴿叫 homing pigeon，而且也沒滅絕
)
2
Given that the sites were close to a huge passenger pigeon roost documented by John James Audubon in the nineteenth century and that Cahokians consumed almost every other animal protein source available, the archaeologists conducting the studies concluded the passenger pigeon population had once been very limited before increasing dramatically in post-Columbian America.
鑒于這些遺址，離十九世紀(jì)的 J J A 記錄的一塊巨大的旅鴿棲息地很近，而且 C 人吃其他能找到的幾乎所有動(dòng)物蛋白質(zhì)，主持研究的考古學(xué)家得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為，旅鴿種群數(shù)量，在后哥倫布時(shí)代的美洲爆發(fā)性增長(zhǎng)之前，曾一度非常有限。
3
Other archaeologists have criticized those conclusions on the grounds that passenger pigeon bones would not be likely to be preserved.
其他考古學(xué)家不同意這些結(jié)論，根據(jù)是(他們認(rèn)為)旅鴿的骨頭不大可能保存下來(lái)。
4
But all the archaeological projects found plenty of bird bones- and even tiny bones from fish.
但所有的考古項(xiàng)目都發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)大量鳥骨，以及甚至是魚的小刺。
1. The author of the passage mentions “tiny bones from fish” primarily in order to
A. explain why traces of passenger pigeon are rare at Cahokian sites
B. support a claim about the wide variety of animal proteins in the Cahokian diet
C. provide evidence that confirms a theory about the extinction of the passenger pigeon
D. cast doubt on the conclusion reached by the archaeologists who conducted the studies discussed in the passage
E. counter an objection to an interpretation of the data obtained from Cahokian sites
選 E
做這題需要理清整個(gè)文段的邏輯。
美國(guó)有幾個(gè)考古學(xué)家發(fā)掘研究一處十二世紀(jì) C 人遺址，在廚余殘?jiān)?，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么旅鴿骨頭，這是一種十八-十九世紀(jì)非常多的鳥。
考古學(xué)家們說(shuō)，不對(duì)呀，明明這里離十九世紀(jì)一個(gè)人 A 記錄的旅鴿棲息地超近的，而且 C 人是出了名的逮啥吃啥，那么只能認(rèn)為旅鴿在十二世紀(jì)非常少，所以 C 人沒咋吃過(guò)，哥倫布到美洲(1492 年)以后，旅鴿才變多的。
另一些考古學(xué)家說(shuō)，鳥骨頭未必能留下吧(暗示 C 人可能也吃了很多旅鴿，只是沒留下證據(jù))。
作者覺得后面這波考古學(xué)家的反對(duì)，簡(jiǎn)直扯，因?yàn)槠渌锌脊彭?xiàng)目都發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)鳥骨頭，別說(shuō)鳥骨頭了，魚刺都找得到。
綜上，選 E，對(duì)于 另一些考古學(xué)家提出的 對(duì) C 遺址數(shù)據(jù)解讀的反對(duì)意見 提出反對(duì)。
挺拗口，但邏輯清晰，對(duì)反對(duì)意見提出反對(duì)。
沒讀懂幾乎沒可能做對(duì)，錯(cuò)了的同學(xué)別難過(guò)，讓你蒙對(duì)這種題，ETS 也太冤了。
2. Which of the following, if true, would most call into question the reasoning of “the archaeologists conducting the studies”?
A. Audubon was unable to correctly identify twelfth-century Cahokian sites
B. Audubon made his observations before passenger pigeon populations began to decline.
C. Passenger pigeons would have been attracted to household food trash
D. Archaeologist have found passenger pigeon remains among food waste at eighteenth century human settlements
E. Passenger pigeons tended not to roost at the same sites for very many generations
選 E
問，下列哪一項(xiàng)，如果為真，最能挑戰(zhàn) “ 主持研究的考古學(xué)家 ” 的邏輯。
這題其實(shí)是在問 rival causes，即對(duì)于同一種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果，都有可能為真的，多種不同的解釋，也有老師管這個(gè)叫 “ 他因 ”，其他原因。
一種被用來(lái)解釋某個(gè)結(jié)果的邏輯 reasoning，如果存在越多 rival causes，第一種邏輯就越弱。比如發(fā)生了一起兇案，如果死者只有一個(gè)仇家，那么此人嫌疑最大，但倘若全世界都恨死者，都有動(dòng)機(jī)殺人，那么前述的那個(gè)仇家的嫌疑就相對(duì)變小了。當(dāng)然，隨著調(diào)查深入，可能會(huì)有證據(jù)指向真正的嫌疑人?？茖W(xué)研究，在很多問題上，往往多年都沒有更新的 evidence 來(lái)支持某一種邏輯，那么提出種.種 rival causes，就成了對(duì)現(xiàn)有邏輯進(jìn)行質(zhì)證的重要手段。
回到題目。
A
十九世紀(jì)的 A 沒能準(zhǔn)確辨識(shí)十二世紀(jì) C 人的遺址。莫名其妙選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)?A 是記錄旅鴿棲息地的那個(gè)老兄，他可能一輩子都不知道 C 人曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)，他只是對(duì)旅鴿感興趣。
B
A 觀察旅鴿種群時(shí)，旅鴿尚未開始減少。A 是十九世紀(jì)的人，他觀察旅鴿時(shí)，不管旅鴿有沒有減少，都跟十二世紀(jì)的 C 人有沒有吃旅鴿，吃了多少旅鴿沒有關(guān)系。
C
旅鴿可能被食物殘?jiān)?。哈哈哈選項(xiàng)。
D
考古學(xué)家在十八世紀(jì)人類定居點(diǎn)的食物殘?jiān)邪l(fā)現(xiàn)了旅鴿殘骸。十八世紀(jì)的人當(dāng)然吃旅鴿，不然你覺得旅鴿是怎么滅絕的，但這跟十二世紀(jì)的 C 人吃不吃，吃了多少旅鴿無(wú)關(guān)。事實(shí)符合常識(shí)，但與目標(biāo)邏輯無(wú)關(guān)。
E
旅鴿不會(huì)在某地棲息太久。正確項(xiàng)。
如果此項(xiàng)成立，那么至少有一種解釋，能夠否定主持研究的考古學(xué)家提出的結(jié)論：盡管 A 十九世紀(jì)觀察到一個(gè)旅鴿的大型棲息地，該棲息地與 C 人十二世紀(jì)的聚居地非常接近，但因?yàn)槁螟澆粫?huì)久居某地，它們很可能是后來(lái)遷到此地，而十二世紀(jì)，附近沒有旅鴿活動(dòng)，所以 C 人吃不到。推翻了十二世紀(jì)旅鴿數(shù)量少的結(jié)論。
GRE閱讀題目解析:爭(zhēng)取女性獨(dú)立的斗士
P15
Feminist scholars have tended to regard women in the nineteenth-century United States who elected to remain single as champions of women’s autonomy and as critics of marriage as an oppressive institution. Indeed, many nineteenth-century American women who participated in reform movements or who distinguished themselves as writers and professionals were single. Yet this view of single women tends to distort the meaning of their choices. The nineteenth century saw the elevation of marriage for love as a spiritual ideal. Consequently, it became socially acceptable for women not to marry if such an ideal marriage could not be realized with an available suitor. Thus, many women’s choice to remain single reflected not a negative view of marriage but a highly idealistic one.
1. The author of the passage implies that many nineteenth-century American women chose to remain single because they
A. believed that marriage required them to give up much of their autonomy
B. had attitudes toward marriage that were influenced by contemporary reform movements
C. wanted to take advantage of increasing opportunities to distinguish themselves as professionals
D. doubted that their own marriage would live up to their notion of what a marriage ought to be
E. had a negative view of marriage fostered by a change in social attitudes during the nineteenth century
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. The author of the passage suggests that the feminist scholars mentioned in the first sentence distort the meaning of certain nineteenth-century American women’s choices by
A. ascribing those choices to a particular attitude toward marriage
B. ignoring evidence about single women’s motives for becoming writers or professionals
C. overestimating the number of nineteenth-century American women who were single by choice.
P15
1
Feminist scholars have tended to regard women in the nineteenth-century United States who elected to remain single as champions of women’s autonomy and as critics of marriage as an oppressive institution.
女權(quán)主義學(xué)者，傾向于把選擇單身的十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)女性視為爭(zhēng)取女性獨(dú)立的斗士，以及對(duì)于婚姻作為一種壓迫性制度的批判者。
2
Indeed, many nineteenth-century American women who participated in reform movements or who distinguished themselves as writers and professionals were single.
的確，許多參與改革運(yùn)動(dòng)或成為杰出作家及專家的十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)女性，一直單身。
3
Yet this view of single women tends to distort the meaning of their choices.
然而，對(duì)單身女性的這種看法，扭曲了她們選擇這樣生活的本意。
4
The nineteenth century saw the elevation of marriage for love as a spiritual ideal.
十九世紀(jì)，人們把為愛情步入婚姻殿堂視為一種精神理想。
5
Consequently, it became socially acceptable for women not to marry if such an ideal marriage could not be realized with an available suitor.
所以，對(duì)女人來(lái)說(shuō)，因沒有合適的伴侶無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)理想婚姻，而選擇單身，在社會(huì)上是可以接受的。
6
Thus, many women’s choice to remain single reflected not a negative view of marriage but a highly idealistic one.
因此，許多女性選擇單身，并非對(duì)婚姻持一種負(fù)面態(tài)度，而是高度理想化的。
1. The author of the passage implies that many nineteenth-century American women chose to remain single because they
A. believed that marriage required them to give up much of their autonomy
B. had attitudes toward marriage that were influenced by contemporary reform movements
C. wanted to take advantage of increasing opportunities to distinguish themselves as professionals
D. doubted that their own marriage would live up to their notion of what a marriage ought to be
E. had a negative view of marriage fostered by a change in social attitudes during the nineteenth century
選 D
根據(jù)句 4：
The nineteenth century saw the elevation of marriage for love as a spiritual ideal.
懷疑自己的婚姻，不能達(dá)到自己對(duì)理想婚姻的期待。
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. The author of the passage suggests that the feminist scholars mentioned in the first sentence distort the meaning of certain nineteenth-century American women’s choices by
A. ascribing those choices to a particular attitude toward marriage
B. ignoring evidence about single women’s motives for becoming writers or professionals
C. overestimating the number of nineteenth-century American women who were single by choice.
選 A
A 把單身的選擇歸因于一種特定的，對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度。正確，句 1 就告訴我們，女權(quán)主義學(xué)者認(rèn)為十九世紀(jì)的杰出女性選擇單身，是為了對(duì)抗婚姻制度的壓迫，爭(zhēng)取女性獨(dú)立。
B 忽略了女性成為作家或?qū)＜业膭?dòng)力的證據(jù)。
C 高估了十九世紀(jì)主動(dòng)選擇單身的女性的數(shù)量。
很不幸，女權(quán)主義已經(jīng)從最初的一種單純的政治理想，蛻變?yōu)橐环N惡心的政治工具，就像福利主義從最初的左派政治理想，變成保住選票的工具。其實(shí)沒有什么女權(quán)，只有人權(quán)。
GRE填空閱讀9大解題細(xì)節(jié)技巧逐一解析
