托福寫作的6個(gè)注意內(nèi)容
為了讓大家更好的準(zhǔn)備托福考試,小編給大家整理一些托福寫作小技巧,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作的6個(gè)注意內(nèi)容
1.托福寫作到底考察你的什么能力。在大作文當(dāng)中,考生需要展示四種能力,即解決問題的能力,證明自己觀點(diǎn)的能力,對(duì)比的能力和反駁的能力。而這四種能力在文章中都是有具體的體現(xiàn)的。如證明自己觀點(diǎn)的能力通常在主體段的第一部分,一般來說,你要提出三個(gè)不同角度的分論點(diǎn)。例如談?wù)摾蠋熢诮虒W(xué)中的優(yōu)勢(shì),你可以說監(jiān)督作用,彈性和情感連接。這三條理由是在不同的層面。如果你說彈性,針對(duì)性,和個(gè)性化教學(xué),就是在同一角度看問題,因?yàn)檫@三條是一個(gè)意思。
2.托福寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。它是對(duì)以上四個(gè)能力的等級(jí)考量。這不僅僅是托福老師備課的內(nèi)容,考生也應(yīng)該充分的理解,才能有的放矢,獲得理想的成績。
3.對(duì)內(nèi)容的評(píng)價(jià)。即是否把題目中所涉及的所有觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了討論。這并不反對(duì)你選擇一邊倒。這方面同學(xué)們常犯的錯(cuò)誤是自說自話。如有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為老師不會(huì)被電腦所取代,然后在主體段論述了老師的數(shù)個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì),卻完全沒有提及電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的存在合理性及優(yōu)勢(shì)。這個(gè)不是理性的一邊倒,而是片面看問題??脊俚脑u(píng)語是the question is partially addressed. 這一項(xiàng)的評(píng)分不會(huì)超過24分。托福的六分相當(dāng)于大學(xué)入學(xué)考試的及格分,而辯證看問題的能力是入大學(xué)門檻的一個(gè)前提。所謂辯證,就是你可以站在不同的角度看一個(gè)事情,并且能夠看到各自的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)。
4.對(duì)論證過程的評(píng)價(jià)。你可以想象一場辯論,你是正方,你的對(duì)面坐著反方。怎樣說服對(duì)方,這就是議論的目的。因此這一項(xiàng)的重點(diǎn)是論證的過程中邏輯清晰,論證合理。在這方面同學(xué)們常犯的錯(cuò)誤是不夠重視。很多人誤以為托??嫉氖钦Z言,不是內(nèi)容,所以前兩項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被忽視了。很多同學(xué)過于追求遣詞用句的難度,而忽略了意義的表達(dá)。這種情況通常發(fā)生在那些語言水平相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的學(xué)生身上。單獨(dú)看文章的句子都?jí)驈?fù)雜,用詞夠難,但是整個(gè)段落或者文章的意思不連貫,甚至不知所云,前后矛盾。結(jié)果是把考官搞暈,把自己的成績搞砸。無論是什么文體,交流是最終的目的。議論文的交流尤其注重邏輯性,即辯論的流暢和信服度。建議這樣的同學(xué)放棄對(duì)詞句的過度追求,改用簡單的語言,把自己的思想清楚的表達(dá)出來,六分便唾手可得。
5.詞匯量
6.語法和句型。這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目都是對(duì)語言能力的考察。所以對(duì)于那些語言基礎(chǔ)不好的同學(xué),六分似乎是一個(gè)難以逾越的障礙。其實(shí),只要你的高中成績能達(dá)到及格,六分就是有希望的。你可以以簡單句為主,少量的加一些有把握的復(fù)雜句式;詞匯不必太難,但是使用正確;整個(gè)文章的意思表達(dá)清楚,邏輯條理,考官能看明白你的觀點(diǎn)是什么,就能達(dá)到六分了。
24分并非高不可攀,只要我們知道目標(biāo)在哪里,就知道力氣往哪里使。最后送大家一句話。If you don’t know where you’re going, you will probably end up somewhere else.
托福寫作常出現(xiàn)的問題有哪些呢
托福寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的幾個(gè)常見錯(cuò)誤舉例
1. 詞匯失誤
Example 1: Reading can increase my words, rich my knowledge and enlarge my eyesight。
托福寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)提到這是考生在描述讀書的好處,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于在句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面盡力打造排比結(jié)構(gòu)。然而,詞匯失誤嚴(yán)重影響句子理解和整體效果?!白x書可增大詞匯量,增長知識(shí),開闊眼界。”本句中詞匯失誤頻繁出現(xiàn),如:increase,words,rich ;enlarge my eyesight令人費(fèi)解。建議可做如下修改:
Revised: Reading can enlarge my vocabulary, enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons。
Example 2: Sometimes I play with friends from my school。
此句是典型的Chinglish,在中文中,可以說“和朋友玩”,但是不可對(duì)應(yīng)為英文的“play with friends”,其意思是把朋友當(dāng)成了玩具。play 用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常接介詞 with,表示“玩;玩耍”。例如:
The little boy is playing with a yoyo。
Don't play with fire. It is very dangerous。
2.用詞不當(dāng)
學(xué)生們寫的作文里或多或少都會(huì)有一些用詞不當(dāng)?shù)膯栴},但是要注意的是一些最最基本的錯(cuò)誤是托福作文中不能犯的。
In the show, if participators answer twenty problems that the host mentioned correctly, they will get five hundreds thousand U.S. dollars as a prize.
——problems應(yīng)改為questions
這里的拼寫錯(cuò)誤不是指在考試時(shí)候的誤打,而是本身對(duì)詞匯拼寫記憶的錯(cuò)誤。
In conclusion, issue of whether parents are the best teachers is a complex one, requiring subjective judgement, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers.
——judgement應(yīng)改為judgment
3.句子層面的常見失誤
考生在語法方面的錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)為“主謂不一致、可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤、時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、限定動(dòng)詞和非限定動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤”等,這里就不一一贅述了。此外,還有一些句子層面的常見問題值得我們關(guān)注,現(xiàn)列舉如下:
1. Run-on Sentences (串句)
串句是不用連詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)而把兩個(gè)(或以上)獨(dú)立的句子串在一起的錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)。有些串句是不用任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)間隔兩個(gè)甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在該用句號(hào)時(shí)濫用逗號(hào),忽略了英語語言中的逗號(hào)本身沒有連接句子的功能這一原則。
例如:
Rita decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well。
修改原則
First of all, children can earn money from their jobs, although there isn’t too much, but they will keep their salary gingerliness.
這里的gingerliness根本是不知所云。該句子還有以下問題:
1)該作文題目是講學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該做兼職,因此children的出現(xiàn)就顯得很莫名其妙;
2)although和but是不能連用的;
3)指代不明,they不知道是指代前面的什么;
4)表達(dá)中式
The second argument-it might have been noticed by others-is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to compare parents to teachers because parents are a kind of people, teachers are a kind of vocation.
1、句子中劃線部分的表達(dá)過于中式化。
A。把原句分成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well。
B。用并列連詞連接兩個(gè)句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking, for she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well。
C。用分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well。
2、Fragmentary sentences (破句)
破句是把不完整的句子當(dāng)作獨(dú)立的子句來寫作時(shí)發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤。常見錯(cuò)誤包括:從屬連詞引起的破句,ing分詞和不定式結(jié)構(gòu)引起的錯(cuò)誤,增添細(xì)節(jié)引起的破句和缺少主語的破句。
例如:
After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
修改原則:改正從屬連詞引起的破句時(shí),可以把該從句附屬于其前或其后某個(gè)子句上。也可以去掉破句中的連詞。
I arrived in Chicago by bus and found a place to stay. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
當(dāng)然,對(duì)于其它形式的破句,可以根據(jù)不同情況給予改正。如,改正 -ing結(jié)構(gòu)引起的破句時(shí),可以把它附屬在其前或其后的某個(gè)句子上,可以添加主語,把 -ing形式改變成謂語動(dòng)詞,把being形式改成作謂語的be動(dòng)詞(is, are, was, were, am );改正不定式結(jié)構(gòu)引起的破句時(shí),可以把它附屬于前句上;改正添加細(xì)節(jié)引起的破句時(shí),可以把它附屬在前面一個(gè)表達(dá)完整思想的句子上;可以給破句加上主語和動(dòng)詞使它成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立子句;可以盡可能改變?cè)~序,輔以增減詞,使破句成為前句的組成部分;改正缺少主語的破句時(shí),可以把它附屬于前句上,也可以給破句添加主語(通常是指代前句主語的代詞形式)。
新東方在線提醒您出國留學(xué)首先要做好留學(xué)規(guī)劃,為早在高一、高二、大一、大二就有留學(xué)計(jì)劃的申請(qǐng)人提供“留學(xué)規(guī)劃”的服務(wù),正所謂“凡事預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢?!睆膶W(xué)業(yè),實(shí)習(xí),課外等角度全面提高申請(qǐng)人,才能贏得進(jìn)入名校、爭取獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的競爭力。
天道“留學(xué)規(guī)劃”具體服務(wù)項(xiàng)目如下:
1. 幫助申請(qǐng)人制定申請(qǐng)目標(biāo)
2. 根據(jù)申請(qǐng)目標(biāo),分析申請(qǐng)人背景優(yōu)劣勢(shì)
3. 制定各項(xiàng)出國考試時(shí)間規(guī)劃
4. 針對(duì)目標(biāo)專業(yè)和目前背景,確定專業(yè)相關(guān)成績提升,選修課以及輔修專業(yè)方案
5. 制定學(xué)術(shù)、研究背景提升計(jì)劃
6. 制定實(shí)習(xí)工作計(jì)劃,指導(dǎo)制作實(shí)習(xí)簡歷,提供面試輔導(dǎo)
7. 制定社會(huì)活動(dòng)方案及國際文化交流計(jì)劃
8. 制定名校/獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)方案
9. 初步選定推薦人,指導(dǎo)申請(qǐng)人聯(lián)系合適的推薦人
10. 制定適合申請(qǐng)人的個(gè)性化《教育規(guī)劃方案》
高產(chǎn)“章”又來了,這次咱們聊托福獨(dú)立寫作
托福獨(dú)立寫作-論證套路
The something that I do not like may be an occasional or rare case. ←論證思路的亮點(diǎn):以circumstance為切入點(diǎn) (此處有福利:這個(gè)邏輯切入點(diǎn)直接接駁GRE寫作的要求)。I do not think that I would stop being friends with that person just because of the rare or infrequent occurrence of such a case. If most of the things that friend does align with my ideas and there are a few times I may disagree with him or her, I think, to be realistic, that the friendship is already sound, since there would be no people who could always think the way I think or do things my way. ←復(fù)雜句型:為什么(原因狀語從句)在某種條件下(條件狀語從句)發(fā)生某件事情(主句)。As a matter of fact, this happens to me and to everyone. If a friend of mine chooses a journey with some people I do not know over a party that celebrates my birthday, our friendship would not end, although theabsence may be unpleasant, admittedly. ←復(fù)雜句型:在某種條件下(條件狀語從句)發(fā)生某件事情(主句), 雖然什么情況發(fā)生(讓步狀語從句)。Thetoleration is necessary since I would not be able to guarantee that everything I do would please him.
獨(dú)立寫作技法|別拿 “四選一” 嚇唬人!
獨(dú)立寫作題目
Which way do you think is the most effective way to deal with homesickness:
1.Do activities or eat foods that remind you of home;
2. Maintain contact with people from home;
3. Make new friends;
4. Try activities and foods that are special to the place you are in.
寫作范文
.選項(xiàng)1和選項(xiàng)2的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于,讓異鄉(xiāng)同家鄉(xiāng)無差異,因?yàn)闊o差異所以不想家。
對(duì)應(yīng)而言,選項(xiàng)3和選項(xiàng)4的(對(duì)應(yīng))劣勢(shì)在于,讓異鄉(xiāng)與家鄉(xiāng)的差異可能很明顯,差異使人想家。
.于是,對(duì)于拋棄選項(xiàng)3和選項(xiàng)4的討論可以僅僅從這個(gè)關(guān)鍵劣勢(shì)(the key and shared disadvantage)著手,而不一定再寫別的理由。
再于是,題目就被簡化成“三選一”了。
.然后,選項(xiàng)1優(yōu)于選項(xiàng)2的點(diǎn)在于,activities和foods更現(xiàn)實(shí) (They are present, practical, and tangible.),而家鄉(xiāng)的朋友可能還是很“遠(yuǎn)”(They are still physically distant.)。
首先,針對(duì)選項(xiàng)3和選項(xiàng)4的讓步:One might make new friends to seek company, and the one might also try the local activities to adapt to the local community. Both ways are to make the one less of a stranger in the new place. 然后轉(zhuǎn)折提出關(guān)鍵劣勢(shì): However, either way would create a strong sense of displacement because of the likely stark differences between the new place and home, which become increasingly perceptible as the one meets more and more new people and tries more and more activities and foods. 至此,迅速拋棄選項(xiàng)3和選項(xiàng)4。如果有必要,可以舉例子:blah blah blah blah blah blah.
另起一段,先討論選項(xiàng)1和選項(xiàng)2的優(yōu)勢(shì)(別貪戀篇幅): blah blah blah blah blah blah. 然后,討論選項(xiàng)1優(yōu)于選項(xiàng)2的點(diǎn)(討論的重點(diǎn)): blah blah blah blah blah blah. 于是,就是典型的兩者對(duì)比:“二選一”。
復(fù)雜句型為長句,長句的信息量大
是段落內(nèi)容的核心
其它句子的作用是:
引入、鋪陳、過渡、補(bǔ)充、總結(jié)等
At this point, tolerance is important also because ←使得段落之間形成聯(lián)系 if a friendship stops just because I cannot accept anything I disagree with, I would not have any friends. 論證思路的亮點(diǎn):以consequence為切入點(diǎn) (此處有福利:這個(gè)邏輯切入點(diǎn)直接接駁GRE寫作的要求)。As is mentioned above, there would be no people who could always think the way I think or do things my way. In other words, it would be idealistic that none of our friends would ever do anything that we dislike, and we would be setting the bar too high, and, as a result, seldom would we have any friendship with anyone. ←復(fù)雜句型:平行復(fù)合句。復(fù)雜句型為長句,長句的信息量大,是段落內(nèi)容的核心。Unfortunately, one of my dorm-mates adopts this unrealistic view. I constantly hear his complaints that his friends annoy him as they do something he does not like, and many of his friendships have been terminated until this fussy dorm-mate has no friends at all.
托福寫作3種常用簡單句式詳解 句式多樣化提升得分評(píng)價(jià)
托福寫作簡單句實(shí)用句式:there be句型
there be句型可以說是絕大部分同學(xué)或多或少寫過的句式。但很多同學(xué)寫作時(shí)很少想到去用這個(gè)句式,主要是因?yàn)槔辖o考生使絆的“Chinglish思維方式”。Therebe的句型在寫作中極容易犯錯(cuò),比如:明天將會(huì)有很多重大新聞。有的考生想都不想地就寫成:Tomorrow will have many significant news. 這樣的句子就屬于較嚴(yán)重的語法錯(cuò)誤,tomorrow能發(fā)出have這個(gè)動(dòng)作嗎?肯定是不能的,所以主語并不是tomorrow。這里很明顯沒有可以發(fā)出“有“這個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語,所以正確答案應(yīng)該是:There will be many significant news tomorrow. tomorrow 是典型的時(shí)間狀語,所以以后在there be的寫作中要注意可能出現(xiàn)的狀語和主語的混淆錯(cuò)誤。
托福寫作簡單句實(shí)用句式:動(dòng)名詞做主語
動(dòng)詞一般不可以在句首做主語,但是如果把動(dòng)詞加上ing,它就會(huì)變成“動(dòng)名詞“,那么這個(gè)主語就“名正言順”了。語法書中定義:“動(dòng)名詞,即是兼有名詞和動(dòng)詞特征的非限定性動(dòng)詞,可以做主語、定語、表語和賓語等。”
所以這樣表達(dá)最合適:
讀書是一門藝術(shù):Reading is an art.
可以發(fā)現(xiàn),動(dòng)名詞做主語的句子所包含的意思真的不是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)或哪一類人,暗指的對(duì)象應(yīng)該是整個(gè)大眾,所以,使用動(dòng)名詞開頭的句型不僅是在說理,而且還更加客觀、科學(xué),是書面語的標(biāo)志。
托福寫作簡單句實(shí)用句式:代詞做主語
這種句型還是適用在找不到主語的情況下,但是情況要顯得更加復(fù)雜一些。例如:“現(xiàn)在對(duì)于很多老師來說處理學(xué)生的在校不恰當(dāng)行為并不是那么容易?!?/p>
句子看上去似乎很復(fù)雜,考生可能需要想很久、慢慢理清楚詞與詞之間的關(guān)系。其實(shí),這時(shí)候有種很簡單的方法就可以輕松地解決問題。那就是如果句子里有形容詞,可以用這個(gè)句型來處理:“It is + adj. + for somebody to do sth.”
以上就是托福寫作簡單句的3種實(shí)用句式介紹,希望大家能夠在寫作時(shí)多加思考,豐富句式運(yùn)用,提升寫作得分。
托福寫作的6個(gè)注意內(nèi)容




