托福寫作解讀考試中的常見錯誤

為了讓大家更好的準備托?？荚?，小編給大家整理一些托福寫作小知識，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作解讀考試中的常見錯誤

1.用詞不當

學生們寫的作文里或多或少都會有一些用詞不當?shù)膯栴}，但是要注意的是一些最最基本的錯誤是不能犯的。

In the show, if participators answer twenty problems that the host mentioned correctly, they will get five hundreds thousand U.S. dollars as a prize.

——problems應改為questions

2.拼寫錯誤

這里的拼寫錯誤不是指在考試時候的誤打，而是本身對詞匯拼寫記憶的錯誤。

In conclusion, issue of whether parents are the best teachers is a complex one, requiring subjective judgement, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers.

——judgement應改為judgment

3.亂用大詞

First of all, children can earn money from their jobs, although there isn’t too much, but they will keep their salary gingerliness.

這里的gingerliness根本是不知所云。該句子還有以下問題：

1)該作文題目是講學生是否應該做兼職，因此children的出現(xiàn)就顯得很莫名其妙;

2)although和but是不能連用的;

3)指代不明，they不知道是指代前面的什么;

4.表達中式

The second argument-it might have been noticed by others-is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to compare parents to teachers because parents are a kind of people, teachers are a kind of vocation.

句子中劃線部分的表達過于中式化。

托福寫作詞語運用的原則

一?！把院啒銓嵲瓌t”

“言簡樸實原則”意思是行文主張不寫啰嗦或絢麗的字眼(flowery or wordy)，句子應該越短越好，一句能用兩個字，絕不多加一個。例如：

At this point in time， we should pull together for our goal. (現(xiàn)在我們應該為我們的目標團結(jié)一致)這句話中“At this point in time”表示“現(xiàn)在”，我們完全可以用now來代替。

Despite the fact that my English is not very good， I am not discouraged。(雖然我的英語不好，但我不灰心。) 這句話中despite the fact tha t= although = though，因此我們完全可以改成Although my English is not very good， I am not discouraged。

In the majority of cases， he likes to ride bike to the office. (他通常喜歡騎單車到辦公室)。很簡單的一句話，完全可以寫成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office。

平時我們所說的用詞多樣化和地道并不是體現(xiàn)在這些時間副詞或者是完全可以簡化的啰嗦句型上，而是指實用性極強的詞如動詞和形容詞，比如：

Original： Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people’s feelings and learn to be kind。

Revised： Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people’s feelings and learn to be considerate。

add，kind表達的含義都比較寬泛。add可以指數(shù)量上的增加，也可以指程度的加強，對于“豐富經(jīng)驗、增加知識”這個意思，用enrich會使表達更準確。kind從字面意義上講是“好的、善良的”，用kind來形容人無法具體地表現(xiàn)出一個人的性格特征到底怎樣，原句中是想表達“考慮周到、體貼入微”的特點，要準確表達這個含義應選擇considerate。

另外，我們常見的一些累贅用詞表現(xiàn)在句意的理解上，比如：

He has had many years of (actual) experience in business. (他有多年經(jīng)商的經(jīng)驗) actual是多余的，因為experience已經(jīng)有actual的意味了。

We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio. (我們裝好收音機的零件)assemble本身就有together的意思，因此together是多余的。

此外還有，in reference to=about; draw to close=end; at an early date=soon等。

二?！捌降认嗵幵瓌t”

“平等相處原則”的意思是行文不出現(xiàn)明顯的帶歧視或偏見的字眼，包括男女性別，也要避免區(qū)別，以示“平等”。例如：

Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful. (許多商人覺得工作壓力很大)這句話寫businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥當?shù)模梢愿臑閎usiness people或business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。

Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy。(警察對人民應該有禮貌)假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改為 police officers 就可避免男女性別

Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes。(國際航線的空中小姐有時會有時差疲憊的現(xiàn)象)如把 stewardess 改為 flight attendant，就能包括男女空中服務員。

其他的如把salesman或saleswoman改為salesperson;把mailman改為mail carrier或postal worker;把foreman改為supervisor等。

當然，一些帶有種族偏見的字眼，甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur)，也要盡量避免使用，以免鬧出麻煩。例如：

對黑人不要用 Negro，更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 還可以)，禮貌的說法是Afro-American 或 African-American;

對白人不要用 Honky(這是黑人罵白人的用字)，正確用法是 Caucasian，或 white people;

對猶太人不要用 Hymies，應該叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;

對越南人不要用 Gook，要用 Vietnamese;

至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人，包括 Puerto Rico，正確的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins，不過據(jù)說西班牙人為了維護自己的文化，倒喜歡別人稱為 Spaniard。

還有黑白結(jié)婚的孩子，也不可稱為 Oreo(Oreo 餅干外面是巧克力，里面是白奶油)。

當然對于一些很不禮貌的老外叫我們中國人Chink 或 Chinaman，而不是Chinese的時候，話說“君子不與小人斗”，我們可以不理(ignore)或是走開(walk away)，盡量避免沖突。

托福寫作話題的練習

1)請著重關注07.06---07.12月這段未考過的機經(jīng)。(附錄中沒有劃橫線的題)

2)北美前一天如有考試的機經(jīng)。如果考舊題，這些題可能性較大。如果考新題，祝大家好運!

(1)1.13Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

(2)1.14是否要在繁忙時間對繁忙路段課稅

(3)1.19 Agree or disagree: Most people often let others make decisions for them rather than make decisions by themselves.

(4)1.26speaking important or writing important?

(5)2.3看電視比看書學的多

(6)3.3Because people are too busy doing many things，they can do few things well.

(7)3.4intoday's world, the ability to cooperate well with others is more important than before. Agree or not

(8)3.10老師給學生自信比教專門知識更重要

(9)3.23你喜歡看嚴肅題材的電影還是商業(yè)題材的電影?

(10)4.21電影和電視[movies and television]對年輕人的行為方式[the way young people behavior]主要是消極的影響。給出理由。

(11)4.29there are so many events happening everyday in the world, we don't have to know

(12)5.18It is better to spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as an expensive piece of jewelry or spend on something that provides a short-term pleasure such as a vacation?

(13)5.19教師是否應該獲得跟doctors,lawyers,business leaders一樣的收入

(14)6.920years from now, people will have more leisure time

(15)6.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Parents find it hard to control their children for the children are now influenced by many things outside home like television or movie.

(16)6.24Do you prefer to finish a project completely then to another one or do two or several projects at a time?

(17)6.30 letting a friends make a mistake is better than saying or doing something that may destroy your friendship.

(18)7.7university students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study.

(19)7.14To truly understand world event, we should get our news from newspaper; television cannot provide enough information.

(20)7.21Modern society has become more complex, so it is essential for the young people to have the ability to plan and organize.

(21)7.28Inuniversity students should take the history courses no matter what field they study.

(22)8.4Agree or disagree: The next twenty years from now on, students will not use printed books any more.

(23)8.11The only effective way to encourage energy conservation is by increasing prices of gasoline and electricity. Do you agree or disagree?

(24)8.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The advice you take from the friends who are older than you is valuable than that taken form. the friends at your age

(25)8.25Do you agree or disagree: Schools should not pay so much attention to general objects but should help students prepare for specific careers and jobs.

(26)9.8 Ateacher’s ability to relate with the students is more important than have sufficient knowledge being taught.

(27) 9.15working together is better than working alone. Do you agree or disagree?

(28)9.22Do you agree or disagree：The extended family (grandparents, aunt, uncle, cousins) is less important than it was before?

(29) 9.29when relaxing, some people like to spend time alone. What's your opinion?

(30) 10.17大學應不應該要求所有的學生都學習學習除了本國文化以外的文化?

(31)10.20Some people think one’s working is more important than being with one’s family, do you agree?

(32)10.27研究動物有沒有對認識human nature有幫助

(33)11.3有很多錢不工作的人都不快樂，你支持否

(34) 11.11 Advertisements make products seem better than they are. Do you agree or disagree?

(35) 11.24 People will spend less time in cooking and preparing food in 20 years later. Do you agree or disagree?

(36) 12.1 People should not pay for the public transportation. Do you agree or disagree?

(37) 12.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Advertisements are a waste of company's money and energy because consumers know what they want to buy.

(38)12.10咱們的生活生活比父輩的生活easier and more comfortable

(39) 12.15該重視學習concepts &ideas呢，還是重視學習facts呢?

托福寫作如何使用萬金油

“萬金油”要用得妙

寫一篇托福作文就如同做一盤菜，如何要將其做的色香味俱全，就靠廚子的功夫了。參考北京新東方戴云老師提出的三個“萬能理由”：Career preparation/increase knowledge/new experiences以及分為10類的““萬金油””：健康和安全、便利、經(jīng)濟、交流 、幸福和情感、成功、環(huán)保、品格、科技、教育與培訓、國家與文明，這十類幾乎涵蓋了我們在進行文章論述時所能涉及的全部范圍。所以如果能夠?qū)⑦@些““萬金油””用好，用熟，就能達到事半功倍的效果。

““萬金油””是油，要用，還要活用

在托福考試時，首先是時間緊。要在半小時內(nèi)完成400字左右的文章;其次，在很短時間內(nèi)要根據(jù)題目想出幾條支持自己論點的理由，并將其有序地組織起來，構成文章，而且還要做到語言地道。所以考生很容易手忙腳亂。所以為了避免這種情況的發(fā)生，讓考生在短時間內(nèi)完成一篇高質(zhì)量的文章，把這盤菜做好，就需要“萬金油”出場了。

要做菜，油是必不可少的。同樣，在托福作文中，也一定會用到““萬金油””。用的時候切忌生搬硬套，要靈活運用。

在有限的時間內(nèi)，在確立了我們要寫的中心論點之后，就要想出幾個分論點，這時可以通過“萬金油”來幫助我們節(jié)省時間，迅速定位，快速進入寫作狀態(tài)。

比如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, people are putting too much emphasis on appearance and fashion. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

解這道題目，首先從自己出發(fā)，怎么好寫，怎么容易寫，去確定自己的中心論點。假如從disagree 的角度出發(fā)，要從哪幾個分論點去論述人們并沒有對外表和時尚putting too much emphasis 呢?

考生在現(xiàn)場可能會抓耳撓腮，一時不知從何下手，這時我們可以借助戴云老師的10個分類“萬金油”去一一驗證。

首先，可以從適用范圍最廣的三個萬能理由去分析可行不可行：Career preparation/increase knowledge/new experiences。

對時尚外表的關注可以幫助我們的Career preparation——事業(yè)成功嗎?——成功 ，也就是十類中的“成功”。

答案是可以!注重外表，關注時尚反映一個人的生活品味，個人氣質(zhì)會提升，進而引起人們的關注，這自然會為自己帶來意想不到的工作機會，進而發(fā)展自己的事業(yè)。你可以舉例，X.X就是因為平常對時尚的關注，注重外表，氣質(zhì)好，給人印象深刻，而在面試中脫穎而出，成功地得到一份好的工作。

接下來從其他十個分類中，進行快速定位，尋找分論點。國家與文明， 國家的范疇很大，可以展開論述。就其中的公益和慈善方面，可以舉例。由于人們以時尚的關注，還能幫助他人，比如最近的“犀利哥事件”，從一個普通的流浪乞丐，因為其與眾不同的穿著打扮，引起人們的關注，進而幫助他與家人團聚，喚起了人們對弱勢群體的關注，進而促進了社會和諧。

第三個“健康和安全”也能用，可以說人們對時尚外表的關注，自然會崇尚健康的護膚產(chǎn)品，保養(yǎng)品，要注意保持身材，就會關注健身，要穿用對人們身體好的布料做的衣服，進而提高了人的身體健康。

第四個，經(jīng)濟。人們關注外表和時尚，就會進行大量消費，可以用一組數(shù)據(jù)來證明，時尚業(yè)對經(jīng)濟的貢獻。消費刺激市場，進而推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。

第五個，幸福和情感?，F(xiàn)代生活的壓力越來越大，人們希望可以放松身心，對時尚和外表的關注，可以讓人們的身心得到愉悅，緩解工作中的壓力。人們只是借助時尚來放松娛樂自己，使自己的生活更加精彩，并不是put too much emphasis。

……

通過分析這道題目，我們可以看出“萬金油”真的可以在托福作文中助我們一臂之力，在緊張的考場中，只要腦中有了“萬金油”，就不愁找不到論點。但我們要把它用好，用對，否則會達到反效果。一定要用具體例子來輔助它，這樣才可以使“做的飯菜更香”。

托福寫作的高分句型整理

， 定語從句。

這應該算是寫作中最常用的一種句型之一。適當?shù)剡\用定語從句可以給你的文章增色不少。

例如，下面的這兩個句子用上定語從句馬上就變成了一個漂亮的復雜句。

Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.

→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.

第二， 狀語從句。

在寫作當中運用的最多的是以下五種狀語從句，即原因狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，條件狀語從句，時間狀語從句和目的狀語從句。

1. 原因狀語從句：常由because, as, since和for引導

Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.

盡管如此，我還是贊成太空探險，因為它的好處遠遠大于壞處。

2. 讓步狀語從句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導

Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

盡管這一觀點被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點、任何年齡進行。

3. 條件狀語從句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導

Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.

假如你要取得成就或要實現(xiàn)你的雄心壯志，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗、準備好條件。

4. 時間狀語從句：常由when和while引導

Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

說到教育，大部分人認為其是一個終生的學習。

5. 目的狀語從句: 常由so that和in order that引導

Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上萬的人們不得不花費的精力和時間學習新的技術和知識，使得他們在就業(yè)市場能保持優(yōu)勢。

第三， 賓語從句。

Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.

一些人認為政府應對環(huán)境污染負主要責任。

Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果，無法避免。

第四， 同位語從句。

Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.

環(huán)境污染變得越來越嚴重是不可否認的事實。

Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

沒有人能否認這一基本事實：對于一般工人來講，輕松掌握這些技術是不可能的。

第五，主語從句。

Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.

值得注意的是農(nóng)村和城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境都在不斷惡化。

Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.

眾所周知，環(huán)境污染問題是中國乃至世界面臨的最為嚴重的問題之一。

第六，強調(diào)句: It is + 被強調(diào)的內(nèi)容 + that

Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.

汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣，使得環(huán)境被污染。

第七，倒裝句。

Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.

只有政府采取適當?shù)拇胧?，這個棘手的問題才能被解決。

第八，被動語態(tài)。

Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.

人們應竭盡全力來保護我們賴以生存的環(huán)境。

第九， 分詞結(jié)構：包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。

Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.

旅游業(yè)是一個新興的行業(yè)，它成為經(jīng)濟的主要, 在很多東南亞國家起著尤為重要的作用。

Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.

具體來說，政府應該出臺相關法律法規(guī)對制造大量污染物的工廠及故意亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰的人進行嚴懲。

第十，插入語。

一種獨立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒有語法上的關系,大都是對一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構成,位置較為靈活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。

Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.

電腦，我們生活中必不可少的一部分，給我們帶來了極大的方便。

Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.

大學生，沒有社會經(jīng)驗，容易上當受騙。