托福寫作如何做到簡潔又高分

為了讓大家更好的準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚕【幗o大家整理一些托福寫作小技巧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作如何做到簡潔又高分

建議一： 避免空洞的單詞和詞組

1. 一些空洞的單詞或詞組根本不能為句子帶來任何相關(guān)的或重要的信息，完全可以被刪掉。比如下面的句子：

When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.

這句話當(dāng)中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都顯得多余。完全可以去掉。改為：

Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.

2. 有些空洞和繁瑣的表達(dá)方式可以進(jìn)行替換，例如：

Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.

“due to the fact that”就是一個(gè)很典型的繁瑣的表達(dá)方式的例子，可以替換，簡化為下面的表達(dá)方式：

Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.

建議二： 避免重復(fù)

1. 盡量避免重復(fù)使用同樣的詞匯?；蛘哂械臅r(shí)候雖然詞匯沒有重復(fù)，但意思卻有重復(fù)。這時(shí)候可以做一些簡化的工作。例如下面這個(gè)例子：:

The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.

large 對一個(gè)farm來說就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改為：

The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.

更簡潔的表達(dá)方式為：

My grandfather grew up on a large farm.

2. 有時(shí)一個(gè)詞組可以用一個(gè)更簡單的單詞來替換，例如：

My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm.

這里的over and over again就可以改為repeatedly，顯得更為簡潔：

My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm.

托福寫作的要點(diǎn)剖析

為了幫助大家高效備考托福，新東方在線托福頻道為大家?guī)硗懈懽鞯囊c(diǎn)剖析，希望對大家托福備考有所幫助。更多精彩盡請關(guān)注新東方在線托福頻道!

宇宙大道皆相同，亦相通，托福寫作和斯諾克(英式臺(tái)球，本質(zhì)與美式落袋無二)是一不是二。在這個(gè)世上想做好任何事，都要搞清楚三個(gè)對象：目的，規(guī)律，策略。無論打老蔣，還是追女友，都離不開這三件法寶。

托?？荚囀菫橐杂⒄Z為外語的人提供的語言考試，那么它考察的唯一重點(diǎn)還是語言。在托福寫作中，你可能擔(dān)心觀點(diǎn)不新穎，論據(jù)不充分，論證不有力，層次不清晰?？捎涀。@些都不是最重要的，評卷者首先要判斷的是你的語言能力! 也許你的文章在論點(diǎn)、理由、甚至用詞上都很平常(事實(shí)上在一個(gè)“閱盡人文”的評卷者眼中已經(jīng)很難有什么稱得上“新鮮”的東西了)，但在用詞、語法、和邏輯上都沒有什么明顯的失誤，分?jǐn)?shù)照樣不會(huì)低。

交代這一點(diǎn)對提升考生自信心很重要。很多學(xué)生還沒寫呢就開始擔(dān)心“想不出理由”，“舉不出例子”，心里惴惴不安，七上八下，結(jié)果很多本可以避免的低級錯(cuò)誤都如雨后春筍。這就好像斯諾克選手在擊球時(shí)，如果過多地考慮走位問題，就可能在很簡單的球上失誤。在這里，我想告訴那些有此類“心結(jié)”的同學(xué)：托福和GRE、GMAT、LSAT等不同，是語言考試，而非能力考試，首先要關(guān)心的是語言，而非其他!換句話說，如果覺得自己在托福寫作各方面都比較弱，那應(yīng)該先顧哪頭呢?對了，語言本身!

二、托福寫作要點(diǎn)之基礎(chǔ)篇

OK, 對手已經(jīng)大致打量了一番，下面該具體商討對策了。忙活一陣子為什么?得高分啊，傻子都知道。但這個(gè)“高分”不是指28、29甚至滿分，而是在你現(xiàn)有的英語水平上盡量再提高一個(gè)檔次。比如原來只能考18分的，經(jīng)過輔導(dǎo)之后，對考試的命題規(guī)律和解題技巧有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，在短期內(nèi)提高個(gè)3、4分是沒有問題的，再多就不敢說了。寫作班不是賣大力丸，要實(shí)事求是，各位對自己的定位和期望也應(yīng)該符合實(shí)際。

要點(diǎn)之一：打好語法基礎(chǔ)。

練習(xí)斯諾克先要打基礎(chǔ)，如果連瞄準(zhǔn)都不會(huì)，出桿都搖搖晃晃，那么談桿法、走位還有什么意義呢?現(xiàn)在托福寫作的“秘笈”“模板”滿天飛，對于基礎(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué)來說，其實(shí)沒任何用處。遣詞造句好比蓋房子，語法就是房屋的建筑規(guī)則。違反規(guī)律亂蓋一氣，房子遲早要塌。有些同學(xué)只知道一些相關(guān)單詞，但不知如何把它們組合在一起，只憑著自己的感覺把若干單詞堆在一起了事,結(jié)果是整個(gè)慘不忍睹。這樣的語法水平，還談什么論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、邏輯?

另外一種情況，是考生因?yàn)榫o張、大意或分心，在考試中出現(xiàn)“明知故犯”的語法錯(cuò)誤。諸如 I like swim. Jenny teach me English. Travel around the country is my interest. 的簡單錯(cuò)誤屢見不鮮。“不是我不知道，而是我沒在意。”記住，在答卷中出現(xiàn)1+1=n(n≠2)之類的低級語法錯(cuò)誤，將使你在評卷者眼中的形象大打折扣，并將嚴(yán)重影響你的分?jǐn)?shù)。真是十個(gè)亮點(diǎn)，不抵一個(gè)低級錯(cuò)誤。從這個(gè)意義上說，寫作考試是“不求有功，但求無過”。 因此，在作文的時(shí)候，一定如履薄冰，即使其他方面平庸些，也要堅(jiān)決杜絕語法錯(cuò)誤!建議基礎(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué)們在開始寫作練習(xí)之前先解決語法問題。

要點(diǎn)之二：使用簡單、熟悉的單詞、短語，采用簡潔、自然的句式。

斯諾克的最高境界不是打出超高難度的遠(yuǎn)臺(tái)進(jìn)攻，而是將復(fù)雜的局面簡單化，使每一個(gè)球都變得很好打。托福寫作也是一樣!很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為，句子越復(fù)雜，單詞越生僻，就越能體現(xiàn)自己英語水平高，因此自作聰明地追求“高精尖”，句子越堆越長，從句越用越多，套來套去連自己也糊涂。這種想法其實(shí)是一種危險(xiǎn)的誤解。還記得“平平凡凡才是真”和“美的東西都是簡單的”嗎?想想讀漢語文章的時(shí)候，你是喜歡讀自然、流暢的，還是喜歡冗長晦澀的?沒錯(cuò)，那位即將評判你托福作文的漂亮女士一定也是同樣的感受。想想看，人家一天看幾百篇半生不熟的英語文章已經(jīng)夠辛苦了，你還有拿這種繞來繞去的東西折磨她，良心何在?

那該怎么做?就用最普通、平實(shí)的單詞和短語?！芭e例”就用for example, for instance, “認(rèn)為”就用“I think”， “I believe”, 保準(zhǔn)沒錯(cuò)!有人問：有些書上不是反對用 “I believe” “I think” 嗎?還有人可能會(huì)說，成千上萬的考生都這么寫了，在評卷者眼里都沒有新鮮感了，我不應(yīng)該獨(dú)出心裁一下嗎?那么我想問，“Thank you!”這句話美國人一天說幾十次，一年上萬次，你看他們厭煩了嗎?在一些無關(guān)緊要的地方刻意出新求異，是相當(dāng)多考生的認(rèn)識(shí)誤區(qū)。

另外，使用熟悉的用法與保持句式的多樣性并不矛盾。我并非要大家通篇用一種模式：上面用了I believe，下面就來一個(gè)in my opinion, 然后再用個(gè) I think;前面用了because，后面就用the reason why;前面用了從句，后面就用不定式。記住，富于美感的東西都是由簡單的東西合理組合而成的。

再說句式。從句套從句的冗長復(fù)雜句式既不美觀也不實(shí)用，實(shí)在是應(yīng)該丟棄的垃圾。我在美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)做助教時(shí)曾經(jīng)批改過本科生的期末論文。當(dāng)時(shí)給我留下深刻印象的是：這些美國最優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)生，文字也非常精煉，毫無拖沓晦澀之感。請看一下我的一位同學(xué)的論文片段：

How do foreign policy decision-makers understand the “rules”of international order and the limitations on their policy options? When can states set examples that influence the decision-making of others? Are decision-makers’fears that their actions may establish dangerous precedents justified or exaggerated? In reflecting on these questions, this paper also seeks to situate the concept of precedent in the broader context of international relations theory.

整個(gè)段落沒有一個(gè)生僻詞或復(fù)雜句式，卻將復(fù)雜、抽象的國際政治問題說得一清二楚。這才是我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的文風(fēng)。

要點(diǎn)三：使句子簡潔、準(zhǔn)確的技巧。

如前所述，美國人民也憎惡拖泥帶水，那些令人厭惡的長句子也就是在GRE用以考察一個(gè)人的腦筋轉(zhuǎn)彎的能力。一個(gè)英語的非母語者制造復(fù)雜長句有一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)，即很容易犯下嚴(yán)重的語法錯(cuò)誤，甚至令native speaker不知所云。

托福寫作結(jié)尾段構(gòu)成很重要

1、再次陳述主題

用 paraphrase 方式再次呈現(xiàn)主題陳述中出現(xiàn)的三要素:

a.問題中存在爭議的地方;

b.觀點(diǎn);

c.理由。

2、結(jié)束句

結(jié)束句，放在陳述完主題之后。

托福寫作輔導(dǎo)提出結(jié)尾段結(jié)束句的三種常見寫法：

一. 托福作文的后總結(jié)教訓(xùn)或提出建議

In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.

二. 提出令人憂慮的結(jié)果或可能出現(xiàn)的負(fù)面結(jié)果

假設(shè)烤鴨們沒有像小智說的那樣去做，在結(jié)論中提出將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的負(fù)面結(jié)果，幫助烤鴨們預(yù)見到令人憂慮的后果，進(jìn)而令烤鴨們自然第接受小智的意見。

e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.

三. 提出問題留待讀者思考

In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?

結(jié)尾段常用表達(dá)方式：

Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;

In conclusion, to conclude, in the end;

In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;

To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summary

In light of these facts, considering these ideas

托福寫作之淺談綜合寫作

在這里我將綜合聽力需要鍛煉的能力列為以下三點(diǎn)：

1. 閱讀能力(快、準(zhǔn))

2. 聽寫和速記能力(不是簡單詞不記，是記重點(diǎn)名詞、動(dòng)詞或短語)

3. 一定的改寫能力(這個(gè)就是我們對于句型的運(yùn)用，涉及句子表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確性、語態(tài)、詞的適當(dāng)替換等)。

可能有的同學(xué)說聽不懂，這里建議，如果練習(xí)聽力，盡量用托福聽力材料進(jìn)行練習(xí)，因?yàn)橥懈Ｂ犃Σ牧蟽?nèi)容信息量大，需要記的東西多，也能通過做題找到自己聽力的盲區(qū)。如果托福聽力能聽懂了，托福綜合寫作的聽力也沒有問題了。

這里附上兩篇學(xué)生寫的綜合寫作范文。

TPO26

Inthe listening material, the professor made several points about the invasion ofthe zebra mussels can be stopped.

Firstof all, the reading passage states that the human transportation will cause theinvasion of the zabra mussels, while the professor contradicts that people cannotcontrol it in the past because of the lack of the knowledge. On the other hand,the ocean water will be taken by the ship to replace the freshwater, which maykill the mussels.

Moreover,the reading passage also mentions that if the mussels are taken to the newplace, they won't have predators, while the professor refutes that they candominate it just for a short time. They will be a new food source for birds, sothey can not dominant in the end.

Furthermore,the reading passage then talks that the invasion of the mussels will cause thedecline in the fish population in its area, while the professor departs from itthat it is true that mussels have negative impact in plankton. But for otherfish, mussels provide nutrition for fish at the bottom of the lake.

Thisis the entirely opposed to the writer's expectation.

TPO27

Inthis listening material, the professor states several points about global cooling caused by the Little Ice Age.

First,the reading material states that after the ocean currents melted, the glaciersproduce an enormous number of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream. This actioninfluenced the earth’s climate strongly, while the professor in the listening material disagrees that the cooling water just affected Europe and parts ofNorth America, but it can’t explain global cooling, or the cooling in southernarea.

Second,the reading material says that the volcanic eruption caused the Little Ice Ageas they generate dark clouds with dust and sulfur gas into our atmosphere whichwill reduce the earth’s temperature. By contrast, the professor contradictsthat the volcanic eruption produce colorful clouds and gases, but those gasesare not strong enough to decrease the earth’s temperature.

Lastly,the reading material mentions that the decrease of human population affect theearth’s temperature indirectly because we no longer cut substantial number oftrees and let the forest grow freely, these trees absorb carbon dioxide andthat will reduce the earth’s temperature. However, the professor objects thatpeople still cut a large number of trees and the short cease of deforestationis not long enough to cause the global cooling.

什么是托福獨(dú)立寫作的話題拆分法?

我們來看下面的例子：

The Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information.

這道題目中有三個(gè)名詞。第一個(gè)名詞是the Internet，我們可以將它拆分為局域網(wǎng)(Local Area Network, LAN)、廣域網(wǎng)(Wide Area Network, WAN)和城域網(wǎng)(Metropolitan Area Network, MAN)，那么文章的三段分別強(qiáng)調(diào)局域網(wǎng)、廣域網(wǎng)和城域網(wǎng)給人們提供大量有價(jià)值的信息。

第二個(gè)名詞是people，我們可以將它拆分為學(xué)生、商人、老人;因此，文章可以具體寫網(wǎng)絡(luò)為這三類人群提供大量有價(jià)值的信息。

第三個(gè)名詞是information，我們可以將它拆分為不同種類的信息，如新聞、教育信息、生活信息和娛樂信息等;因此文章可以針對網(wǎng)絡(luò)為人們提供上述任意三方面有價(jià)值的信息而展開。

我們再來看一個(gè)例子：

The movies and television programs made in your own country are more interesting than those made in foreign countries.

我們需要思考的問題是：哪些國外的電影和電視節(jié)目(movies and television programs)可以引起我們的興趣呢?這些電影和電視節(jié)目可能涉及歷史和自然景點(diǎn)(historical and scenic spots)、傳統(tǒng)和風(fēng)俗(tradition and customs)、奇聞和傳說(anecdotes and legends)或者是宗教信仰(religious beliefs)等——因此，全文可以從上述任意三個(gè)方面展開。

有些考生會(huì)嘗試著拆分foreign countries. 他們將foreign counties拆分為美國、英國和印度：美國的電影和電視節(jié)目更多彰顯美國文化大熔爐的特征(cultural melting pot);英國的電影和電視節(jié)目更多表現(xiàn)了“日不落帝國”(the empire on which the Sun never sets)的“光輝歲月”(splendid moment);印度的電影和電視節(jié)目更多體現(xiàn)了千年的歷史積淀(historical sediments)——這也是一種可行的拆分方法。