托福獨立寫作開頭結(jié)尾段如何寫好

為了讓大家更好的準備托福考試，小編給大家整理一些托福寫作小知識，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福獨立寫作開頭結(jié)尾段如何寫好?實用高分寫法技巧解析

托福獨立寫作開頭段寫法分享

開頭段主要用以下幾種方法來組織，即背景法(Background)，爭議法(Controversy)，提問法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。

以背景法為例。背景法一般會提出一種普遍的或值得關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象作為背景或者是由遠到近，由大到小地談?wù)摼o扣論題的社會觀點作為背景。背景法開頭段的結(jié)構(gòu)通常如下：背景(1-3句)+論題+反方觀點+(反方理由)+過度+(正方觀點)+作者的觀點+作者的理由。以2007年8月11日的獨立寫作試題為例：Technologymakes people‘s lives more complicated.題目涉及到了現(xiàn)今社會比較熱門的話題---科技。這樣，我們就可以以這種社會比較關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象作為我們作文的開頭背景。因此這個題目的首段就可以這樣開始：Technologyhas had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people arehaving conflicting opinions about whether it has made people’s lives morecomplicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives moreconvenient。第一句話就是一句緊貼社會的背景，這樣寫不但很容易打開考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦點，還能引起考官的共鳴。

托福獨立寫作結(jié)尾段怎么寫?

介紹：文章結(jié)尾段落雖然并不像開頭和中間段落那樣重要，然而沒有結(jié)尾的文章是不完整的，不符合基本寫作要求。所以考生在考場上一定要在結(jié)尾處再次聲明自己觀點(restatement)，或者提出新的希望，或者提出解決問題的方案，從而讓考官有一種善始善終的良好印象。

總而言之，一篇高分獨立作文，考生需要先寫出足夠水平的開頭結(jié)尾段才行，上文中提到的寫法技巧，還請大家認真學(xué)習(xí)參考，為考試做好準備。

托福寫作句式運用心得分享 倒裝句改寫技巧實例精講

托福寫作完全倒裝句式改寫技巧實例講解

1. here, there, now, then等副詞引導(dǎo)的句子，通常稱作把時間狀語，地點狀語提前的倒裝句，其謂語動詞通常跟在時間or地點狀語之后。

A controversy whether starting school day early is a better choice appears then.

變成：

Then appears a controversy whether starting school day early is a better choice.

In the urban cities, an increasing number of ambitious youngsters who attempt to earn a better living live there.

變成：

In the urban cities, there live an increasing number of ambitious youngsters who attempt to earn a better living.

2. 為了使描述的景象更生動，常把擬聲詞或away, in, out, up, down等狀語放在句首，從而引起主謂全部倒裝。

Down it fell from the apple tree.

The door opened, in rush the crowed.

Up went the arrow

總結(jié)1,2： here, there/now, then/in, out/up, down/ away + 謂語動詞 + 主語

3. 句首狀語是表示地點的介詞詞組時，也完全倒裝: 地點狀語+謂語+主語

很多工廠位于都市。

Many factories lie in urban cities.

變成：

In urban cities lie many factories.

越來越多的學(xué)生在美國學(xué)習(xí)，為了更先進的教育體系和多元文化。

Students in a growing number study in America, for advanced educational system and diversified culture.

變成：

In America study students in a growing number, for advanced educational system and diversified culture.

更多的市民選擇住在在他們老了以后住小城市。

More citizens choose to live in a small town when they grow older.

變成：

In a small town choose to live more citizens, when they grow older.

更多的年輕人選待在家里放松。

Many more young people stay at home for relaxation.

變成：

At home stay many young people for relaxation.

4. 表語 放在句首，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)采用：“表語+ 系動詞 + 主語”

1)形容詞+系動詞+主語:

大學(xué)生很擔(dān)憂他們未來的職業(yè)發(fā)展，使他們找各種兼職工作希望去盡可能多的培養(yǎng)技能。

College students are anxious about their future career development, leading them to take various different part-time jobs with the hoping to cultivate techniques as many as possible.

變?yōu)椋?/p>

Anxious about their future career development are college students, leading them to take various different part-time jobs with the hoping to cultivate techniques as many as possible.

2)現(xiàn)在/過去分詞+系動詞+主語：

中國正發(fā)生巨大的變化。

The dramatic change is taking place in China.

變成：

Taking place in China is the dramatic change.

7-12歲的小孩上不了小學(xué)的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。

The phenomena that many kids aging from 7 to 12 years old cannot attend primary schools are gone.

變成：

Gone are the phenomena that many kids aging from 7 to 12 years old cannot attend primary schools.

發(fā)展中和發(fā)達國家都遭受了前所未有的經(jīng)濟危機。

Both developing and developed countries are confronted with an unprecedented economic crisis.

變成：

Confronted with an unprecedented economic crisis are both developing and developed countries.

目前學(xué)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施的質(zhì)量正在經(jīng)歷巨大的提升。

The quality of infrastructure facilities in current schools is experiencing a huge improvement

變成：

Experiencing a huge improvement is the quality of infrastructure facilities in current universities.

日漸衰敗的傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)處于激烈的競爭市場中。

Traditional enterprises of gradual dilapidation is involved in the market of fierce competition

變成：

Involved in the market of fierce competition is traditional enterprises of gradual dilapidation.

3)介詞 + 系動詞 + 主語：

由睡眠不足引起的勞累和注意力不集中是導(dǎo)致交通事故的主要因素。

The fatigue and distraction caused by inadequate sleep are among the main contributors to traffic accidents.

變成：

Among the main contributors to traffic accidents are the fatigue and distraction caused by inadequate sleep.

提升教師的工資是提升教學(xué)效率最重要的因素的之一。

Increasing teachers’ salaries is one of the most indispensable methods to facilitate the improvement of teaching efficiency.

變成：

Among the most indispensable methods to facilitate the improvement of teaching efficiency is increasing teachers’ salaries.

托福寫作高分句式語料素材匯總分享 論證展開優(yōu)質(zhì)句型介紹

托福寫作滿分句式推薦：展開論證類

原文材料：

If politicians dither over bank rescues, if countries that can stimulate safely do not do enough, and if fearful investors shy away from emerging markets, the odds of a lasting recovery of the global economy seem slim.

推薦句型：

If…., if…, and if…, the odds of … seem slim.

推薦理由：

“如果 …, 如果…, 如果…, …機會將會變得渺茫” 排比句在論證展開的時候是非常好用的：既能保證篇幅字數(shù)，也具備通順的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，同時還有很強的可讀性。在強調(diào)某個主體的重要性時，就可以寫出類似如果你不重視我，你想要高飛的機會將會變得很渺茫之類的內(nèi)容。

原創(chuàng)例句：

1. If politicians dither overenvironmental protection, if private high-tech enterprises that can contribute positively do not make enough efforts, and if consumers shy away from expensive green products, the odds of a healthy and sustainable mode of development seem slim.

2. If students dither over after school art training, if schools that are supposed to be a propagator of knowledge do not do enough, and if parents shy away from the soaring cost of art courses, the odds of improving children’s competitiveness in this changing world seem slim.

學(xué)以致用：

1. Most of the environmental issues are too complex to be handled by individuals.

這個題目在寫的時候我們完全可以先承認環(huán)境問題的復(fù)雜性，可能需要政府的參與才能解決，然而我們也不能忽略個人的努力的重要性，所以這個問題是需要多方合作的，任何一方的作用都不能被忽視;

2. Younger school children (aged five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.

現(xiàn)在的孩子該不該學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)一直是家長老師和學(xué)校關(guān)注糾結(jié)的一點。然而，在競爭激烈的社會，如果不重視孩子的全面發(fā)展的話，很有可能孩子就會變得沒有競爭力，想要鶴立雞群的機會也會變得渺茫。

托福寫作高分句式語料素材匯總分享 觀點轉(zhuǎn)折精彩句型分享

托福寫作滿分句式推薦：轉(zhuǎn)折觀點類

原文材料：

It would be too simplistic to put all of this down to a cultural propensity to defer to bullying corporate bosses.

推薦句型：

It would be too simplistic to put all of this down to …

It would be too + adj. to put A solely down to B

推薦理由：

如果把這一切歸結(jié)于 …, 那么就會過于簡單了?！逼鋵嵕渥拥闹鞲煞浅；A(chǔ)，就是 too… to…在反駁論點或是轉(zhuǎn)折的時候，我們就可以使用上面的句型提升我們的嚴謹性。

原創(chuàng)例句：

1. It would be too simplistic to put one’s success down to his command of good communication skills.

2. It would be too simplistic to put the success of those business tycoons solely down to their pursuit of material things.

3. It would be too arbitrary to put a nation’s prosperity solely down to its emphasis on education.

學(xué)以致用：

1. Good communication skill is the most important characteristic for a person who wants to become successful.

想成功，必須擁有良好的交流溝通技巧。當(dāng)然如果簡單地把一個人的成功歸結(jié)于他的能說會道，那就顯得太膚淺了。

2. Most of business people are only motivated by the desire of money.

如果把人們投身事業(yè)的動力僅僅歸結(jié)于對錢的熱愛，那是不是太武斷了。有錢如李嘉誠，他的工作熱忱應(yīng)該不光只是受錢的影響吧?

3. Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.

沒人能夠否認教育的重要性，但是如果我們過分的強調(diào)教育的改善而低估了別的因素，不考慮具體的情況，也并不一定能得出合理的結(jié)論。

托福寫作高分句式語料素材匯總分享 論證事例實用句型一覽

托福寫作滿分句式推薦：論證事例類

原文材料：

When it comes to accounting scandals and the corporate cover-ups that follow, there is little that is uniquely Japanese.

推薦句型：

When it comes to…, there is little that is uniquely + adj.

When it comes to…, there is little that is confined to + n.

推薦理由：

“當(dāng)談及某個問題的時候，并非僅僅局限于 …” 在獨立寫作的論證展開過程中，我們往往會舉例子來佐證我們的論點。但例子是具有唯一性的，這時候，在例子后面加上這么一句“談及某個問題，這并非僅僅局限于上述的案例”，是不是一下子就打破了例證的唯一性了( zhuangbility)!我們當(dāng)然也可以做一些微整形，將其變?yōu)榉穸ň?，用于說理的時候反駁論點。

原創(chuàng)例句：

1. When it comes to the ever growing financial pressure and the negative impacts on both mental and physiological state that follow, there is little that is uniquely middle-aged.

2. When it comes to the fierce competition between friends and potential impacts on their friendships that follow, there is little that is uniquely negative.

3. When it comes to the successful development of a country and related investments that follow, there is little that is confined to improving educational quality.

學(xué)以致用：

1. Money is the most important aspect in a job.

此題為最高級的題型，對于沒錢的來說錢確實很重要，沒錢人其實可以在細分，比如工作一段時間之后的中年人，以及剛開始工作的年輕人，我們在說完中年人的例子之后緊跟著就可以用上面第一個例句進行過渡。

2. Competition with friends usually have negative effect on friendship.

針對競爭對于友誼的影響，如果我們持一個反對的態(tài)度，是不是就可以用上面的句型來說：競爭之于友誼并非僅僅是負面的。一個宿舍中某人學(xué)習(xí)勤奮，帶動其他學(xué)生一起努力進步的事不在少數(shù)。

3. Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.

談及到國家的成功發(fā)展和政府相對應(yīng)的投資時，我們也不該只把目光局限于教育的改善。無論是政治，經(jīng)濟還是軍事，和一個國家的成功都是息息相關(guān)的，第三個例句就可以直接用上。