托福寫作如何增加分?jǐn)?shù)

為了讓大家更好的準(zhǔn)備托?？荚?，小編給大家整理一些托福寫作小技巧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作如何增加分?jǐn)?shù)

托?？荚囎魑慕Y(jié)尾段的四大天王重申立場(chǎng)

重申立場(chǎng)+總結(jié)理由

讓步+重申立場(chǎng)

重申立場(chǎng)+引申擴(kuò)展

引申擴(kuò)展包括：

強(qiáng)調(diào)反對(duì)派立場(chǎng)會(huì)帶來(lái)的后果

展望未來(lái)問(wèn)題的前景

強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性

重申立場(chǎng)

"It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life."

In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.

重申立場(chǎng)+總結(jié)理由

"Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities."

In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction.

讓步+重申立場(chǎng)

"Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity."

In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness.

重申立場(chǎng)+引申擴(kuò)展

How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?

In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degrade subordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is more respectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performance with clear, honest and supportive feedback.

托福寫作的高分要點(diǎn)整理

個(gè)人感覺(jué)得到TWE高分的關(guān)鍵是：語(yǔ)言+結(jié)構(gòu)

語(yǔ)言：

除了總結(jié)性的話比較適合用簡(jiǎn)單句，其他的句子應(yīng)該都盡量用復(fù)雜句，包括各類從句。一般來(lái)講，無(wú)論你的句子多么復(fù)雜，考官都能毫不費(fèi)力的理解你要表達(dá)的意思。(只要句子沒(méi)什么大的錯(cuò)誤)

TWE用的是學(xué)術(shù)性語(yǔ)言，需要展示你的英文寫作能力，而復(fù)雜句正好能體現(xiàn)你的英語(yǔ)寫作能力。所謂Plain English不是plain在你的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，而是體現(xiàn)在用詞的精練簡(jiǎn)潔上，即不要堆積詞藻。(我發(fā)現(xiàn)在練習(xí)的作文里，這是一些同學(xué)的壞習(xí)慣)

如何提高語(yǔ)言水平：要注意平時(shí)積累精彩的詞匯短語(yǔ)，和漂亮的句型，并學(xué)會(huì)推而廣之。比如說(shuō)，有一個(gè)很好的句子：

Television, one of the most pervasive and persuasive technologies, marked by the rapid growth and drastic change, has a profound impact on people’s lives.

這個(gè)句子其實(shí)在不少題目中都可以使用，另外其他的一些有關(guān)科技的事物也可以替代television, 而 has a profound impact on…也可以在許多文章里使用，這就要看大家能否舉一反三了。

比較重要的一點(diǎn)，要注意句式的多樣性：、副詞開(kāi)頭，介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭，同謂語(yǔ)從句，分詞的運(yùn)用，獨(dú)立主格等等。

我在另一篇帖子里曾較細(xì)致的談到如何提高語(yǔ)言水平，置頂里有，就不再細(xì)講了?？梢钥聪旅妫?/p>

結(jié)構(gòu)：

文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)要均衡，開(kāi)頭段和結(jié)尾段字?jǐn)?shù)都不要太多，避免沖淡主題的內(nèi)容。

我自己寫五段的字?jǐn)?shù)分配大致是：50, 80,80,80,40

如何開(kāi)頭：我開(kāi)頭一般三到四句話，1.背景描述 2.同義轉(zhuǎn)述題目的話 3.表明觀點(diǎn) 4.過(guò)渡引出下文。

中間的理由段的篇幅應(yīng)盡量均衡，結(jié)尾時(shí)能夠做到首尾呼應(yīng)。

我個(gè)人還是認(rèn)為無(wú)論是A or B, 還是agree or disagree的題型，都推薦五段論。并且如果不要求compare the advantages and disadvantages, 我建議中間三個(gè)理由都堅(jiān)持一方面的觀點(diǎn)，這樣你的邏輯比較清晰，但用詞切不可強(qiáng)烈，而且最后一定要讓步，這一點(diǎn)很關(guān)鍵。

如何舉例：

正文中的每個(gè)分論點(diǎn)都應(yīng)該有例證支持，不一定要是for instance或者是take…as an example, 但要讓人一眼就知道你是在舉例。

十二個(gè)萬(wàn)能理由：方便convenience，情感emotion，經(jīng)驗(yàn)experience，成就achievement，效率efficiency，經(jīng)濟(jì)economical，健康health，安全safety，性格personality，樂(lè)趣happiness，耐久durability，環(huán)保environmental protection

例子本身并不關(guān)鍵，有時(shí)因?yàn)闀r(shí)間緊迫，找不到恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?，因而顯得比較牽強(qiáng)。關(guān)鍵在于能說(shuō)明你舉的例子與論點(diǎn)有直接聯(lián)系，說(shuō)明你的例子如何證明論點(diǎn)。

再談一下一些應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題：

模板問(wèn)題：我不贊成使用模板(原創(chuàng)除外)，尤其是網(wǎng)上一些現(xiàn)成的模板。這對(duì)TWE獲得高分沒(méi)有任何好處。如果大家都用同樣一個(gè)精彩的句子，在我們這樣的大環(huán)境下，句子也會(huì)失色。

但是我推薦大家看一些范文，尤其是185范文。你要做的有兩點(diǎn)，一是看一下范文是如何舉例的，它論證自己觀點(diǎn)時(shí)內(nèi)在邏輯是怎樣的;二是有一些平時(shí)你想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容但是感覺(jué)不順暢，你可以看一下范文是如何表達(dá)的。對(duì)于范文中的精彩句型，應(yīng)該合理的digest, 稍做修改，變成你自己的語(yǔ)言。漸漸當(dāng)你熟練掌握的時(shí)候，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作決不是簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯與句子的堆積，而是你感情自然的流露。

字?jǐn)?shù)問(wèn)題：似乎大家寫文章有種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，以為字?jǐn)?shù)越多，越體現(xiàn)寫作水平。其實(shí)一篇洋洋幾百字，內(nèi)容卻空洞的文章遠(yuǎn)不如一篇短小精干，言之有物的文章。TWE考試時(shí)間只有30分鐘，要在這30分鐘構(gòu)思并完成一篇論證充分的文章已經(jīng)很不容易了。言多必失，非大牛的同學(xué)在TWE考試中寫過(guò)多的字?jǐn)?shù)反而大大增加了犯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的機(jī)會(huì)。

我認(rèn)為只要不少于250字，字?jǐn)?shù)問(wèn)題就不是關(guān)鍵因素。最佳的字?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)該在250-350之間，具體多少我覺(jué)得因人而異。TWE高分的關(guān)鍵不是字?jǐn)?shù)，而是每一句話的質(zhì)量。

時(shí)間問(wèn)題：一般考試的時(shí)候都寫的比平時(shí)要快，所以平時(shí)30分鐘能完成作文的同學(xué)考試一定會(huì)提前寫完。這時(shí)候要做的是修改，修改語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和不地道的句子表達(dá)。(你寫的時(shí)候可能因?yàn)闀r(shí)間緊用的句式不好)

段落格式：我還是建議用現(xiàn)代方式的段落格式，每一段頂頭寫，段與段之間空一行，這樣寫看起來(lái)比較清晰。

如果時(shí)間充裕，大家可以把所有題目都看一遍，列出提綱。如果沒(méi)時(shí)間，也沒(méi)太大關(guān)系，找一些有代表性的題目練練。考前認(rèn)真的寫上十幾篇文章是必要的，并且要仔細(xì)修改，最好能總結(jié)出自己的模板。我不希望看到有人考前兩三天再來(lái)求爹爹，告奶奶，說(shuō)我作文還沒(méi)怎么寫，怎么辦啊。那時(shí)已經(jīng)晚了，大家現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該開(kāi)始有目的的針對(duì)TWE做一些練習(xí)。

托福寫作難點(diǎn)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略

為了幫助大家高效備考托福，新東方在線托福頻道為大家?guī)?lái)托福寫作難點(diǎn)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，希望對(duì)大家托福備考有所幫助。更多精彩盡請(qǐng)關(guān)注新東方在線托福頻道!

在整體寫作方面，我接觸過(guò)的考生都存在以下幾點(diǎn)難題，在某種程度上，這幾點(diǎn)可以被認(rèn)為是影響他們寫作發(fā)揮的極大重要因素：一、英語(yǔ)基本功這是一個(gè)逐步積累的過(guò)程，包括詞匯和語(yǔ)法，有時(shí)候是欲速而不達(dá)的，機(jī)械地記憶往往適得其反。詞匯運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，句中動(dòng)詞使用混亂，句與句之間散亂不堪，邏輯性不好。

我的建議：有計(jì)劃地、合理地增加詞匯量。多讀范文，如果考試時(shí)間臨近，可以選用背誦范文的方法，雖然辛苦一點(diǎn)，但是還是有效的。我曾經(jīng)聽(tīng)過(guò)一位哲學(xué)家講過(guò)這樣一個(gè)故事，說(shuō)人的一生都會(huì)面對(duì)以下五個(gè)名詞：愛(ài)人、家庭、工作、健康、朋友 (lover, family, career, health, friend )。打個(gè)比方，如果把這五個(gè)方面比喻成為五個(gè)球的話，只有健康是玻璃球，其他四個(gè)全都是橡皮球，即使不小心弄掉了，還是會(huì)反彈回來(lái)，而健康卻是一旦落地，滿盤皆輸，沒(méi)有任何辦法補(bǔ)救。聽(tīng)過(guò)這樣的故事，你不但很容易弄懂其中的道理，這幾個(gè)英文單詞也不會(huì)離你遠(yuǎn)去了。

二、中文式的翻譯有的句子恐怕只有中國(guó)人才能理解是什么意思，究其原因就是生硬地翻譯了漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式。受漢語(yǔ)文化影響，我們博大精深的語(yǔ)言在我們的頭腦中已經(jīng)根深蒂固，人的邏輯思維很奇怪，一旦我們每天的思維習(xí)慣已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成，你很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行改變。外國(guó)人開(kāi)始崇拜漢文化，開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)我們的語(yǔ)言，孔子學(xué)院也應(yīng)因而生，這對(duì)推廣我們的文化是好的，但是托?？荚囀菍?duì)英語(yǔ)的測(cè)試，只有26個(gè)字母。我見(jiàn)過(guò)很多有趣的中文式的翻譯，比如把“黑社會(huì)”翻譯成“black society”，還有把“八卦”說(shuō)成“eight hang”的，等等。

我的建議：多聽(tīng)。當(dāng)然是聽(tīng)英文，這里做個(gè)廣告，重點(diǎn)推薦friends系列。學(xué)語(yǔ)言的順序一定是聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫，聽(tīng)就是對(duì)語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)感的最好提高，考生可以盡可能地找一些英文的短片來(lái)欣賞，學(xué)到英語(yǔ)的同時(shí)也娛樂(lè)了自己，一舉兩得。

三、套路化痕跡明顯這里的套路，就是templates.很多老師授課過(guò)程中刻意突出寫作套路，學(xué)生也千方百計(jì)背誦寫作套路，導(dǎo)致展現(xiàn)在閱卷官面前的作文框架甚至很多語(yǔ)句千篇一律、如出一轍，從而極大地?fù)p害了得分。模板固然有用，但是針對(duì)first draft的觀念，文章的亮點(diǎn)就看不到了。

我的建議：考生可以暫時(shí)拋開(kāi)托?？荚?，從blog或者日記開(kāi)始，每天用英文進(jìn)行寫作練習(xí)，盡情地把你對(duì)社會(huì)的情緒和對(duì)學(xué)校的不滿寫出來(lái)，發(fā)泄出來(lái)。這個(gè)練習(xí)會(huì)讓你的文章逐漸符合first draft的要求。

四、通篇框架散亂這個(gè)需要在練習(xí)中逐步提高。我們?cè)趯懽髦?，尤其是針?duì)task2，最重要的工作就是構(gòu)思。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在3-4分鐘時(shí)間之內(nèi)，我們需要一個(gè)相對(duì)合理的構(gòu)思和一個(gè)絕對(duì)穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果兩者都做到了，整個(gè)文章的框架就自然很清晰了。

一般考生出現(xiàn)文章框架混亂有以下原因：有的是沒(méi)有進(jìn)行完整的審題和構(gòu)思練習(xí)，文章寫的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)都凌亂不堪;還有的是文章結(jié)構(gòu)很好，但是構(gòu)思的時(shí)候過(guò)于匆忙或者緊張，論證不夠完整，舉例也不合理。這些也是一般中國(guó)考生在考試中最常出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。

隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，TOEFL也隨著時(shí)代改革，完善了對(duì)一項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫四項(xiàng)基本能力的測(cè)試。更重要的，ETS重新建立了自己在英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)和測(cè)試方面的權(quán)威性。

議論文增加了寫作題目的范圍和深度，但是因?yàn)轭}庫(kù)的存在，我覺(jué)得有利于考生在有限的時(shí)間發(fā)掘自己寫作上更多的潛力。新增加的綜合integrated作文，需要我們針對(duì)文章作者的各個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，應(yīng)用閱讀方面的技巧來(lái)找出文章的脈絡(luò)，掌握一定技巧后，甚至猜測(cè)出之后的聽(tīng)力文章可能針對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)，在這里，認(rèn)真做好筆記是很重要的。三分鐘的時(shí)間既要閱讀，還要記錄文章重點(diǎn)，根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，iBT后期改革之后，如果我們可以在筆記技巧上多下點(diǎn)功夫，在三分鐘之內(nèi)完成以上任務(wù)不是一件難事。

同學(xué)們，寫作的樂(lè)趣原本是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的，否則這個(gè)世界上就不會(huì)有那么多作家，每天閑云野鶴一樣地快樂(lè)了。我們每一個(gè)人都有成為作家的潛力，寫作需要瞬間的靈感，合理的構(gòu)思，當(dāng)然最重要的就是堅(jiān)持下去的決心。遺憾的是考試的時(shí)候這些是不適用的，在短短的30分鐘時(shí)間內(nèi)，恐怕只有幾分鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)思考。這一點(diǎn)ETS也承認(rèn)自己的愚蠢?；蛟S，這也是開(kāi)始改變TOEFL寫作概念的初衷。

托福寫作例子：建一個(gè)社區(qū)商業(yè)中心

To Build a Community Shopping Center – YES

Topic: It has recently been announced that a large shopping center may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Since industrialization makes it possible to manufacture large quantities of goods, going shopping has become fairly recreational. Furthermore, transportation keeps everything going easily. (Furthermore, transportation keeps everything running smoothly.) (1) (“running smoothly”) (A) Shopping centers have entered the language and life of every citizen. When it comes to whether it is good to build a shopping mall near your apartment, different people have different views. As far as I am concerned, the advantages of setting a shopping center near where we live outweigh the disadvantages.

Many people argue that setting a shopping center nearby ushers in more noise, more traffic congestion and more security problems. They would rather go farther to do shopping than let all these bad effects go around in their own community. (They would rather go out of their way to shop than allow these bad elements enter their community.) (“go out of their way”) (B)

Although their concern is quite reasonable, it can be avoidable if we handle the center well. Building a shopping center near where we live may have lots of existent and potential advantages. They go as follows. (Building a shopping center where we live has a lot of potential advantages, such as the following.) (2) (“potential advantages”) (C)

First, it provides more convenience and less time wasted in traffic. (First, it provides more convenience and reduces time wasted in traffic.) We can buy whatever we need on the way home leisurely, instead of having to write the task down on a schedule and drive through the heavy traffic to get there. (We can buy whatever we need leisurely on the way home, instead of having to jot the task down on a schedule and drive through the heavy traffic to get there.)

Second, it helps improve the economy of the local community as well as that of the whole city. Just imagine, another shopping center means another competitor. If they want to survive out of such demanding business, they must provide better service and goods of higher quality. (If they want to survive in such a demanding market, they must provide higher quality goods and services.) As a result, the community and even the city can develop economically.

What's more, it offers job opportunities for both adults and students. For adults, especially those who are unemployed, they can earn money to support themselves. For students, they can apply for part-time jobs, and thus get experience and earn some extra money. (For students, they can apply for part-time jobs, gain work experience, and earn extra money.)

If it is up to me to decide whether a shopping center should be built near my apartment, I prefer to build it. (If it were up to me to decide whether or not to build a shopping center near my apartment, I would decide to build it.) (3) (“If it were up to me”) (D) This is because I am the sort of person who enjoy conveniecnce and happincess of contacting with people. (This is because I am the type of person who enjoys convenience and contact with people.) If the shopping center is successfully run, I believe that everyone who lives around will get great benefits from it. (If the shopping center is successfully run, I believe the community will benefit greatly from it.)

II. Editorial Comments

1. Original: Furthermore, transportation keeps everything going easily. Reviswed: Furthermore, transportation keeps everything running smoothly.

英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有 “going easily” 這種說(shuō)法。這里，作者要表達(dá)的意思是“事情進(jìn)展的比較順利”，我們可以用 “running smoothly”?？匆韵聝蓚€(gè)例子：

..Although the car crashed just last week, the mechanic was able to fix it quickly and now it is running smoothly.

..Although we made some measurement mistakes in our first science experiment, our second one is running smoothly.

2. Original: Building a shopping center near where we live may have lots of existent and potential advantages. They go as follows. Revised: Building a shopping center where we live has a lot of potential advantages, such as the following.

為了邏輯通順和語(yǔ)言聯(lián)貫，由such as 或者 as follows引導(dǎo)的所要列舉的一系列事情，應(yīng)該和提示部分(some advantages… such as…)放在同一個(gè)句子里。以下是幾種常用的表列舉的結(jié)構(gòu)：

..After we moved into our new apartment, I had to buy many new household goods, such as the following: toilet paper, cooking utensils, cleaning supplies, etc.

..I am in full support of the new legislation for the following reasons.

..My reasons for studying abroad are as follows.

..My objections to your decision are listed below.

3. Original: If it is up to me to decide whether a shopping center should be built near my apartment, I prefer to build it. Revised: If it were up to me to decide whether or not to build a shopping center near my apartment, I would decide to build it.

注意，if引導(dǎo)的條件從句一定要用虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

If I were a magician, I would not need to study to get a perfect score on the TOEFL.

虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)表示與事實(shí)相反的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常在“if”、“if that”、 “though”、 “l(fā)est”、“unless”、 “except”、“until”等等引導(dǎo)的從句中，也要用虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)。

例如： “If there were no honey, the flowers and the bees would have never met.”

III. Alternative

A. Other ways to express the meaning of “running smoothly”:

(i) “without a glitch” – Example: The computer program ran all night long without a glitch.

(ii) “going as planned” – Example: The bank robbers thought that everything was going as planned, until all of a sudden the police stormed in and arrested them.

(iii) “keep [ object ] on track” – Example: Although the young students acted wild in class, the teacher knew how to keep them on the tracks. (“tracks” – in reference to train tracks keeping the train moving in the expected or appropriate direction, as opposed to derailing off course)

B. Definition of “out of one’s way” – to inconvenience oneself to do something that is not necessary or required. Example: The teacher was so dedicated to his students that he went out of his way to tutor them in the weekends. Other ways to express “out of one’s way”:

(i) “go above and beyond” – Example: Although the project was not part of his work responsibility, he went above and beyond his duty to make sure it was a success.

(ii) “bend over backwards” – Example: She was so committed in her work as a customer service professional that she would bend over backwards to make sure her clients were satisfied.

C. The expression “potential advantages” refers to a favorable outcome. Other ways to express the meaning of “potential advantages”:

(i) “the good thing is” – Example: The good thing is, there is now less crime in the city.

(ii) “upside” – Example: The upside to the construction is the increase in jobs in the local community.

D. The expression “if it were up to me” indicates the speaker has an opposing view or opinion to the view that is being referred to. Other ways to express the meaning of “if it were up to me”:

(i) “if I had my way” – Example: If I had my way, we would all be on vacation right now, instead of working into the weekend.

(ii) “if I had my choice” – Example: I need to work to support my family, but if I had my choice, I would be a full time student.