gre考試寫作時(shí)間如何規(guī)劃
gre考試的分?jǐn)?shù)直接決定著你能夠進(jìn)入的大學(xué)，那么你知道如何掌握gre寫作時(shí)間嗎?今天小編給大家?guī)韌re考試寫作時(shí)間如何規(guī)劃，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
gre考試寫作時(shí)間如何規(guī)劃?
gre寫作時(shí)間都是30分鐘。對于考生來說，如果沒有經(jīng)過充分的寫作練習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備，半小時(shí)的時(shí)間無疑是相當(dāng)緊張的。所以，下面我們就來說一下gre考試時(shí)間安排：
第一步：審題、確定立場、列出理由
最少3分鐘最多5分鐘。
要避免兩個(gè)極端：
a.用時(shí)太少，理由沒有想清楚就開始寫，不僅造成文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)不清，還會(huì)引起行文中頻繁地修正，欲速則不達(dá);
b.用時(shí)太多，不要追求一次思考就能把每一條理由及相關(guān)例證都想出來。其實(shí)想出兩條之后就可以動(dòng)筆，各個(gè)理由的例證可以寫到該段時(shí)邊思考邊寫。這一點(diǎn)你不必懷疑，只要你的思維還是正常的，一定能做到。
第二步：gre考試寫作正文最少22分鐘最多26分鐘
a.各段寫作時(shí)，注意對段落的不同部分給予不同的重視。主題句給予最大重視，注意煉句，別說你不想寫主題句，主題句可以使讀者和筆者本人更清晰該段落寫什么。各段中支持性細(xì)節(jié)寫作不必遵循相同的模式。
有n種選擇可供參考：1.舉具體事例;2.說對方相對缺點(diǎn);3.使用數(shù)據(jù);4.使用假想例子;5.使用類比、比喻、引用等修辭手段來論述。哪一種你最容易想出來，就用哪一種。
b.考前將文章開頭、結(jié)尾、例證、讓步等各種句型背熟練，并且練習(xí)和水平測試時(shí)把他們用熟。別試圖在考場上再去臨時(shí)決定比如哪種開頭好，怎樣結(jié)尾好。使用自己選中的套路。
c.當(dāng)寫作考試還有5分鐘結(jié)束時(shí)，一般你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)寫到最后一條理由，或者已經(jīng)在做結(jié)尾。要確保文章有結(jié)尾段。
第三步：檢查需要1-3分鐘，有側(cè)重點(diǎn)地檢查
a.句法：確保每句話是完整的，有謂語，且簡單句只有一個(gè)謂語。
b.時(shí)態(tài)：文章絕大部分使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱要使用單數(shù);使用過去發(fā)生的事例時(shí)用的是過去時(shí);c.主謂一致按此三步，持續(xù)練習(xí)5篇以上，可以確保時(shí)間問題。
C. 拼寫：保證沒有太多拼寫上的錯(cuò)誤，特別是開頭結(jié)尾和每段主題句這種批閱考官必然會(huì)看的部分。絕不能出現(xiàn)拼寫方面的低級錯(cuò)誤。
GRE寫作論證論據(jù)素材大全—社會(huì)福利
社會(huì)福利
A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide a minimum level of income, service or other support for disadvantaged people such as the poor, the elderly, the disabled, students, unpaid workers such as mothers and other caregivers, and underprivileged groups. Social welfare programs are undertaken by governments as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Social welfare payments and services are typically provided free of charge or at a nominal fee, and are funded by the state, benefactors or by compulsory enrollment of the poor themselves.
福利社會(huì)
States or nations that provide comprehensive social welfare programs are often identified as having a welfare state. In such countries, access to social welfare services is often considered a basic and inalienable right to those in need. In many cases these are considered natural rights, and indeed that position is borne out by the UN Convention on Social and Economic Rights and other treaty documents. Accordingly, many people refer to welfare within a context of social justice, making an analogy to rights of fair treatment or restraint in criminal justice.
七大社會(huì)福利類型
Examples of social welfare services include the following:
1. Compulsory superannuation savings programs.
2. Compulsory social insurance programs, often based on income, to pay for the social welfare service being provided: these are often incorporated into the taxation system and may be inseparable from income tax.
3. Pensions or other financial aid, including social security and tax relief, to those with low incomes or inability to meet basic living costs, especially those who are raising children, elderly, unemployed, injured, sick or disabled.
4. Free or low cost nursing, medical and hospital care for those who are sick, injured or unable to care for themselves. This may also include free antenatal and postnatal care. Services may be provided in the community or a medical facility.
5. Free or low cost public education for all children, and financial aid, sometimes as a scholarship or pension, sometimes in the form of a suspensory loan, to students attending academic institutions or undertaking vocational training.
6. The state may also fund or operate social work and community based organizations that provide services that benefit disadvantaged people in the community.
7. Welfare money paid to persons, from a government, who are in need of financial assistance but who are unable to work for pay.
GRE寫作論證論據(jù)素材大全—社會(huì)契約
社會(huì)契約與契約理論
According to the will theory of contract, which was dominant in the 19th century and still exerts a strong influence, a contract is not presumed valid unless all parties agree to it voluntarily, either tacitly or explicitly, without coercion. A supposed social contract cannot be used to justify governmental actions such as taxation, because government will initiate force against anyone who does not wish to enter into such a contract. As a result, such an agreement is not voluntary and therefore cannot be considered a legitimate contract at all.
However, the philosophical concept of social contract does not address the same issues as present-day juridical contract theory, making the name “social contract” potentially misleading. For this reason some thinkers preferred the term “social compact”. The key notion of social contract or compact is that the individual consents by entering or remaining on the dominion of an existing society, which is usually a geographic territory, in much the same way one does when entering or remaining in someone’s household or private property. People are normally brought up from childhood to respect the boundaries of societies, including families, and the rules made by them for their territorial spaces. That is part of the socialization development process.
對社會(huì)契約的違反
The social contract and the civil rights it gives us are neither “natural” nor permanently fixed. Rather, the contract itself is a means towards an end—the benefit of all—and is only legitimate to the extent that it meets the general interest. Therefore, when failings are found in the contract, we renegotiate to change the terms, using methods such as elections and legislature.
GRE寫作論證論據(jù)素材大全—社會(huì)公正
社會(huì)公正的概念
Social justice refers to the concept of a society in which justice is achieved in every aspect of society, rather than merely the administration of law. It generally refers to a society which affords individuals and groups fair treatment and a just share of the benefits of it. It can also refer to the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within a society.
社會(huì)公正的內(nèi)涵
Social justice is both a philosophical problem and an important issue in politics, religion and civil society. Most individuals wish to live in a just society, but different political ideologies have different conceptions of what a “just society” actually is. The term “social justice” is often employed by the political left to describe a society with a greater degree of economic egalitarianism, which may be achieved through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or property redistribution. The right wing also uses the term social justice, but generally believes that a just society is best achieved through the operation of a free market, which they believe provides equality of opportunity and promotes philanthropy and charity. Both right and left tend to agree on the importance of rule of law, human rights, and some form of a welfare safety net.
對社會(huì)公正的反對
Social justice may be unfeasible economically. Many water-poor countries have recognized a “basic right to have drinking water” and then provided that access accordingly. This often resulted in water sources being over-used and then decimated.
On the other hand, some scholars reject the very idea of social justice as meaningless, religious, self-contradictory, and ideological, believing that to realize any degree of social justice is unfeasible, and that the attempt to do so must destroy all liberty. The most complete rejection of the concept of social justice comes from the Friedrich Hayek of the Austrian School of Economics: “The phrase ‘social justice’ is simply a semantic fraud from the same stable as People’s Democracy.” The purported goal of social justice is to eliminate economic inequities, but because these inequities are largely a result of individuals’ own choices, they can only be corrected by controlling said choices.
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