GRE寫(xiě)作沖刺經(jīng)驗(yàn)
今天給大家?guī)?lái)GRE寫(xiě)作沖刺經(jīng)驗(yàn)，快來(lái)一起看看吧，分享下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
GRE寫(xiě)作沖刺經(jīng)驗(yàn)
GRE作文最后沖刺經(jīng)驗(yàn)談：首先，我們?cè)谧詈髱滋斓脴?shù)立自己的信心，沒(méi)有信心，考試肯定會(huì)慌，容易發(fā)揮失常。我們的目標(biāo)很明確，我們大多數(shù)人不是沖著6分去的，我們理科生4分夠了，文科生得5分，關(guān)鍵還是我們的專(zhuān)業(yè)水平，研究能力。
我們應(yīng)該看的是argument的各種類(lèi)型錯(cuò)誤的總結(jié)，這個(gè)一定要熟，我們考場(chǎng)想正常發(fā)揮，肯定得靠反射型思維，畢竟，argument是我們的重頭戲。比如我們對(duì)于一個(gè)建議我們要考慮如下：
這個(gè)改變是否多余?現(xiàn)狀是否足夠應(yīng)付?這個(gè)改變要多少錢(qián)呢?能夠承擔(dān)嗎?有沒(méi)有其他的更好的方法呢?是否所有人都需要?有無(wú)成功先例?效果如何?有無(wú)副作用?有無(wú)考慮受影響的人的態(tài)度和意見(jiàn)?
對(duì)于一個(gè)比較對(duì)象我們需要考慮：
代表性?他因?是否是異常?以前的正常的狀態(tài)不是這樣。aberration采取措施的改善效果程度如何?What extent to the participants improve。
趨勢(shì)能否保持?有沒(méi)有不利的方面沒(méi)有提供?時(shí)間太短看不出效果?以前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)不能反映現(xiàn)在實(shí)際情況。
我們還有study方面的問(wèn)題：
代表性?數(shù)量夠嗎?統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)間是什么時(shí)候嗎?權(quán)威性?表述真實(shí)意見(jiàn)嗎?
這個(gè)前人總結(jié)得很好了。還有其他的一些錯(cuò)誤，如，過(guò)去-〉現(xiàn)在;全局-〉局部;局部-〉全局;數(shù)量不代表比例，總量上升可能比例下降。其實(shí)關(guān)鍵在于他因的積累，這個(gè)可以豐富一篇argument的內(nèi)容，增加它的可信性,我下面舉幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)的例子：商品的銷(xiāo)售情況，市場(chǎng)，利潤(rùn)：a function of supply and demand; quality; price;formidable competitor; national and international economic climate;demographic changes; company"s reputation; ad strategy;a waning of interest in X.X.X among people;supply or distribution problems; market has become satutated; management and market problem; the changes of policy and law;material and labor price; improvement in training of workers....
其實(shí)這個(gè)是大家積累的過(guò)程...這個(gè)大家用一個(gè)本子去記，很快就可以收到很多了。
句型其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，但我不鼓勵(lì)大家用模版，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)限制你的思路，其實(shí)每個(gè)題都有各自的特色，我們?cè)隈g論的過(guò)程中，需要很大靈活性，這個(gè)可以多看看范文，打開(kāi)我們駁論的思路，看老外280會(huì)抑制自己的寫(xiě)作思路的。因此，我認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵要找到自己常用寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格的句型。這個(gè)得自己去主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，去找。
看完了這些已經(jīng)爛熟于心的阿狗套路和思路后，我們應(yīng)該去總結(jié)一下自己的一休的思路，其實(shí)寫(xiě)多的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的題都有一些共同點(diǎn)，我們可以從某幾個(gè)方面去研究，這其實(shí)我覺(jué)得能用上很多哲學(xué)的東西。比如，事物變化論，舉個(gè)例子吧，歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)的很多題就可以用到，社會(huì)和行為很多道也可以用;萬(wàn)事都是不同的;人的社會(huì)性;科學(xué)的局限性;群眾的力量是無(wú)限的;社會(huì)精英論;人的天性;人的思維局限性;社會(huì)資源的有限性;人的偏見(jiàn)性;人的主觀能動(dòng)性。
還有一些其他的共同點(diǎn)，就是定義和起源。寫(xiě)文章的一種思路：刨根問(wèn)底去看問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生是為何?為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的問(wèn)題?這叫歷史唯物主義，從問(wèn)題的本質(zhì)和事務(wù)的概念開(kāi)始發(fā)散的去寫(xiě)，去想，可以打開(kāi)思路;還有一種叫辯證唯物主義，我們要去想想，過(guò)于極端的去承認(rèn)某種觀點(diǎn)，或否認(rèn)會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么問(wèn)題呢?如果沒(méi)有了這種東西，會(huì)是什么樣的呢?
我認(rèn)為考場(chǎng)發(fā)揮的最關(guān)鍵因素是你的?？既绾?。不是說(shuō)你的次數(shù)越多越有用。如下幾點(diǎn)得注意：
1.要在思想上把?？伎闯烧娇荚?。
2.可能按照考試時(shí)間安排?？紩r(shí)間。而且中間不能休息，連續(xù)寫(xiě)一篇一休和一篇argument
3.議錄上狂敲鍵盤(pán)聲(考場(chǎng)上的隔音不好)，然后?？紩r(shí)狂重放，既可以模擬考場(chǎng)的緊張氣氛，也可以練一下個(gè)人的抗干擾能力。
對(duì)于機(jī)警，我蠻相信的，關(guān)鍵在于我們機(jī)警覆蓋面不夠大，缺少熱心的人們上傳機(jī)警。還有一點(diǎn)是我希望以后的人寫(xiě)機(jī)警時(shí)還要注上自己的學(xué)科。這個(gè)很重要。如果你不嫌麻煩而且時(shí)間多的話(huà)，我建議你去考場(chǎng)那里埋伏幾天，打聽(tīng)所有的人題目。當(dāng)然最好是有人可以幫你干這件事。
但對(duì)我那個(gè)十二天和四天的規(guī)律不信，因?yàn)楸旧砭陀袉?wèn)題，大家想一下就知道了，十二天和四天之間也就隔八天，是不是八天的也要看呢?其實(shí)我覺(jué)得關(guān)鍵在于每個(gè)人的專(zhuān)業(yè)和學(xué)歷有關(guān)，當(dāng)然還有你父母的咯。到時(shí)候這些都是問(wèn)卷的一部分。大家要好好填哦。
還有一點(diǎn)提醒大家，考前的若干天，記住休息和睡眠，千萬(wàn)不可以生病，如果你考試那天你已經(jīng)很興奮了，不要去喝紅牛，吃巧克力。這個(gè)不是所有人都適合的。
GRE寫(xiě)作解析
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the island's moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seaville's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
步驟：夏天人口增多 + 摩托車(chē)是主要交通工具 → 到了夏天摩托車(chē)引起的事故會(huì)增多
假設(shè)：夏天增多的人口會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的摩托車(chē)問(wèn)題
反例：城市交通秩序好，摩托車(chē)司機(jī)都很職業(yè)，很守規(guī)矩，歷年來(lái)都沒(méi)出什么事故
補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：往年夏天的摩托車(chē)事故率
步驟：SV執(zhí)行了摩托車(chē)禁令 + 之后SV的事故減少50% → 是禁令減少的事故
假設(shè)：沒(méi)有它因
反例：道路拓寬;司機(jī)培訓(xùn)更嚴(yán)格;交通法規(guī)更嚴(yán)格;警察多了
補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：……
步驟：SV成功 → BI成功
假設(shè)：兩城的租賃摩托車(chē)都是主要摩托車(chē)的來(lái)源;過(guò)去兩城摩托車(chē)都能夠租出去
反例：SV的摩托車(chē)都是租的，但是BI的摩托車(chē)都是私家的;SV的都租出去了，但是BI的本來(lái)就租不到每天25輛
補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：兩城摩托車(chē)的主要來(lái)源;既往摩托車(chē)每天實(shí)際租賃量
步驟：BI成功減少夏天的事故→全年事故的減少
假設(shè)：夏天的事故是全年事故的主要來(lái)源
反例：夏天路況好，人多不是事故的來(lái)源。全年事故主要來(lái)源于冬天路面結(jié)冰。而冬天車(chē)輛沒(méi)減少，所以事故不會(huì)減少50%
證據(jù)：全年的事故數(shù)量變化表。
GRE寫(xiě)作官方題庫(kù)高頻ARGUMENT題目滿(mǎn)分范文分享：research on chlidren in Tertia island
GRE作文官方題庫(kù)ARGUMENT題目：
Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia. Using an observation-centered approach to studying Tertian culture, he concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. Recently another anthropologist, Dr. Karp, visited the group of islands that includes Tertia and used the interview-centered method to study child-rearing practices. In the interviews that Dr. Karp conducted with children living in this group of islands, the children spent much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. Dr. Karp decided that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture must be invalid. Some anthropologists recommend that to obtain accurate information on Tertian child-rearing practices, future research on the subject should be conducted via the interview-centered method.
【滿(mǎn)分范文賞析】
It might seem logical, at first glance, to agree with the argument in Dr. Karp’s article that children in Tertia are actually raised by their biological parents (and perhaps even, by implication, that an observation-centered approach to anthropological study is less valid than an interview-centered one). However, in order to fully evaluate this argument, an audience should be provided with additional evidence.
【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】本段采用了簡(jiǎn)明的Argument開(kāi)頭段結(jié)構(gòu)，即C—F的開(kāi)頭結(jié)構(gòu)。段落首先概括原文的Conclusion，接下來(lái)給出開(kāi)頭段到正文段的過(guò)渡句，指出原文的Flaw，即其應(yīng)提供額外的Evidence才能讓觀眾對(duì)該Argument進(jìn)行充分評(píng)價(jià)。
【本段功能】本段作為Argument開(kāi)頭段，具體功能就在于發(fā)起攻擊并概括原文的結(jié)論，即Tertia的孩子們的確是由他們的親生父母所撫養(yǎng)的，并且以觀察為中心的人類(lèi)學(xué)研究方法不如以面試為中心的研究方法有效。本段對(duì)原文結(jié)論的歸納為正文段中即將進(jìn)行的具體攻擊作鋪墊。
The audience should know, before deciding conclusively about the appropriate methodology for further study, if Tertia has changed significantly in the past 20 years. Dr. Field conducted his observational study 20 years ago and it is possible that Tertia has changed significantly since then. For example, if we had evidence suggesting that, since the original study, foreigners had settled on the island and introduced a new element that affected child rearing in Tertia, it would certainly weaken Dr. Karp’s argument. In that case, the original study could have been accurate and Dr. Karp’s study could be correct.
【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第一個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和其在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。
【本段功能】本段作為正文第一段，攻擊原文中出現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤——(時(shí)間上的)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)比。在對(duì)合適的研究方法做出決定性的判斷之前，觀眾應(yīng)當(dāng)被告知Tertia是否在過(guò)去的20年內(nèi)發(fā)生了顯著的變化。Field博士是在20年前開(kāi)展了他的觀察性研究，而自那時(shí)起Tertia可能發(fā)生了顯著的變化。例如，我們?nèi)绻凶C據(jù)證明后來(lái)外國(guó)人在島上定居并引入了一種影響了Tertia的孩子撫養(yǎng)方式的新因素，Karp博士的論證無(wú)疑會(huì)被削弱。在這種情形下，F(xiàn)ield博士原先的研究可能是準(zhǔn)確的，Karp博士的研究也可能是正確的。
Further, in order to fully evaluate this claim the audience needs to learn more about the interview questions that Dr. Karp’s team used—what exactly did they ask? We don’t know, nor do we know what the children’s responses actually were. What did they say about their biological parents? The mere fact that they speak more frequently about their biological parents than they do about other adults does not mean that their biological parents had a greater role than the community did in their rearing. It would significantly undermine Dr. Karp’s argument if it turned out that the children said things like how much they missed their parents or how their parents had left them in a communal environment. Without knowing what the children said, one cannot accept the argument above without reservations.
【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第三個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和其在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。
【本段功能】本段作為正文第三段，攻擊原文中出現(xiàn)的第三個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤——調(diào)查類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。為充分評(píng)價(jià)原文中的論斷，觀眾需要就Karp博士所采用的面試問(wèn)題獲得更多的信息。我們既不知道他們所問(wèn)問(wèn)題的具體內(nèi)容，也不知道孩子們的具體答案。僅僅是孩子們更經(jīng)常談到他們的親生父母這一事實(shí)并不意味著他們的親生父母在撫養(yǎng)他們的過(guò)程中比社區(qū)占有更主要的角色。如果事實(shí)證明孩子們經(jīng)常說(shuō)一些諸如他們多么想念父母或者他們的父母是如何把他們留在了一個(gè)集體環(huán)境中的事情的話(huà)，Karp博士的論證將被顯著地削弱。在不知道孩子們究竟說(shuō)了些什么的情況下，我們不能無(wú)保留地接受原文的論證。
It is slightly more difficult to discuss the evidence we might need in order to evaluate the more interesting claims in Dr. Karp’s article, namely his extension of the results of his study to a conclusion that interview-centered methods are inherently more valid than observational-centered approaches in the case of study in the group of islands including Tertia. In order to fully evaluate this claim one would require more examples of interview-based and observation-based anthropological studies and we would also need to look into different study designs. Perhaps Dr. Field did not conduct an effective observational study, but other observational approaches could be effective. In order to make such grandiose claims, Dr. Karp really needs to provide a lot of additional evidence (ideally a meta-analysis of hundreds of anthropological studies).
【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第四個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和其在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。
【本段功能】本段作為正文第四段，攻擊原文中出現(xiàn)的第四個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤——外推類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。在Karp博士的文章中，他將自己的研究結(jié)果推廣到了以面試為中心的研究方法比以觀察為中心的研究方法在研究包括Tertia在內(nèi)的一組島嶼時(shí)本質(zhì)上更有效這一結(jié)論。為充分評(píng)價(jià)這一論斷，我們需要更多的以面試為中心的人類(lèi)學(xué)研究和以觀察為中心的人類(lèi)學(xué)研究的例子，并且我們還需要考察不同的研究設(shè)計(jì)?；蛟SField博士并未開(kāi)展一項(xiàng)有效的觀察式研究，而其它的觀察式研究均可能是有效的。為了做出如此宏大的論斷，Karp博士實(shí)在需要提供很多額外的證據(jù)。
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