GRE作文分數(shù)低的原因有哪些

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GRE作文分數(shù)低的原因有哪些

GRE作文分數(shù)低的原因有哪些

1.例證匱乏,老生常談

在闡述思想觀點之后,缺乏有力的例證去支持所闡述觀點?;蛘呖偸且妹總€人都耳熟能詳?shù)睦C,例如目前最流行的例證有兩個B和兩個E,兩個B即Bill Gates和Bill Clinton。兩個E即Einstein和Edison。并不是這些例證不恰當或不足以說明問題,而是如果每一位GRE考生都把愛迪生發(fā)明電燈作為例證,都引用愛因斯坦所說的成功是百分之九十九的勤勞加上百分之一的天分,那么自己的文章就顯得平庸乏味,不吸引人。同時,也說明考生的知識面狹窄,視野不開闊。

2.分析膚淺,流于寬泛

在習作中沒有能夠表現(xiàn)出對題目的復雜性的理解,有時考生用簡單應對TOEFL作文的方法來對付GRE作文,這是錯誤的。例如,當題目中的論述沒有明確說明,但其中卻隱含由這種論述可能帶來的或可能產(chǎn)生的影響時,即implications(隱含意義),往往在考生的作文中被忽略。還有,沒有對題目的statement進行qualification,即:對原來的題目進行分析,或者是縮小它的范圍。因為GRE的題目往往是比較寬泛的,直接針對如此寬泛的題目寫作是非常困難的,所以必須在文章的第一段中對題目進行整理。最后一個問題是在闡述自己觀點的時候,缺乏對對立觀點予以應有程度的承認。

3.寫作速度慢,內(nèi)容欠充實

在GRE寫作中的另一個普遍問題是寫作速度太慢,這顯然是因為在考試前所作的準備不夠充分。GRE寫作除了開頭段和結(jié)尾段,中間一般應該寫三段。但是考生在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)往往只能寫兩段,而且字數(shù)也不夠,只能寫400字左右。GRE寫作雖然沒有字數(shù)要求,但是一篇較好的、成熟的,能夠充分展示自己觀點的GRE作文,一般應在600字左右,或者是600字以上。由此可見,一篇400字左右的文章在內(nèi)容上是不夠充實的。

4.畫龍莫忘點睛,切忌虎頭蛇尾

還有一個非常關鍵也是獲得高分至關重要的問題是寫作最后一段時不應該只是簡單的重復第一段的內(nèi)容和語言。寫作最后一段應該換一種說法,應該paraphrase第一段的要義。這點雖然與及格分數(shù)不甚相關,但是與GRE作文是否能獲得最高分數(shù)息息相關。這個弱點往往是由于同學們非常缺乏寫作語匯(working vocabulary)所致。GRE考生大都是大學生,或是在校,或是即將畢業(yè),在閱讀方面的英文詞匯量大大超過了中學生,但在寫作詞匯上卻與中學生相差不多,這是在備考時需要解決的問題。

GRE寫作重點:全球化的含義

在GRE寫作中,全球化的概念考查非常高頻,而且全球化的概念和影響在其他類型(例如科技、教育、政治以及文化類話題中也高頻被調(diào)用),因此面對這個高頻的主題素材,特為所有同學補充全球化的概念的素材段落——全球化包括的五大領域:經(jīng)濟、文化、政治、宗教和社會制度。

Globalization can be found in five different areas: economic, cultural, political, religious, and social systems。

It should not be narrowly confused with economic globalization, which is only one aspect. While some scholars and observers of globalization stress convergence of patterns of production and consumption and a resulting homogenization of culture, power, stress, and hunger, others stress that globalization has the potential to take many diverse forms. In economics, globalization is the convergence of prices, products, wages, rates of interest and profits。

Globalization of the economy depends on the role of human migration, international trade, movement of capital, and integration of financial markets. The International Monetary Fund notes the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology。

GRE寫作官方題庫高頻ARGUMENT題目滿分范文分享:distinguish butter from margarine

GRE作文官方題庫ARGUMENT題目:

The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants:

"Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. This change, however, has had little impact on our customers. In fact, only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine."

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

【滿分范文賞析】

The author argues that Happy Pancake House (HPH) customers are unable to distinguish between butter and margarine or they do not care that they are being served margarine instead of butter. To support the argument, the speaker points out that the HPH's southwestern restaurants, which now serve margarine instead of butter, only received a total of 2% consumer complaints. The author indicates that reports from servers show customers asking for butter have not complained when given margarine instead. This argument is unconvincing for several reasons.

【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

本文采用了標準的Argument開頭段結(jié)構(gòu),即C—A—F的開頭結(jié)構(gòu)。本段首先概括原文的Conclusion,之后簡要提及原文為支持其結(jié)論所引用的一系列Assumption及細節(jié),最后給出開頭段到正文段的過渡句,指出原文的Flaw,即這些Assumption無法讓原文的結(jié)論具有說服力。

【本段功能】

作為Argument開頭段,本段具體功能就在于發(fā)起攻擊并概括原文的結(jié)論,即HPH的顧客無法區(qū)分Butter和Margarine,或者他們根本就不關心他們得到的是Margarine而非Butter。本段接下來提到了原文中為支持之前的Conclusion所提供的證據(jù),即僅僅2%的顧客對這一改變提出了抱怨,并且根據(jù)服務員的報告,當?shù)玫降氖荕argarine而非Butter的時候,顧客們并沒有抱怨。文章提及這些信息,為是在正文段中對這些Assumption即將進行的具體攻擊做鋪墊。

Firstly, the speaker does not indicate the length of time that these restaurants have been refusing margarine to customers. If the change is a very recent one, it is possible that insufficient data have been collected to draw any reliable conclusions. So, without the certainty of trustworthy data, conclusions should not be drawn.

【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

本段采用了標準的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu),即先是提及原文的第一個邏輯錯誤,之后分析該邏輯錯誤的原因,接下來,進一步分析這樣的錯誤為什么讓原文的Conclusion不成立。

【本段功能】

作為正文第一段,本段攻擊原文所犯的第一個重要邏輯錯誤——樣本類錯誤。如果這個餐廳采取的這個改變是最近才發(fā)生的,那么可能顧客們還能短時間內(nèi)忍受,因此很少抱怨。但如果時間久了,抱怨的人可能逐漸增多。換句話說,在僅僅很短時間里采取的樣本并不充分的情況下,原文的關于顧客并沒有抱怨的結(jié)論是不合理的。

Thirdly, the speaker assumes that HPH customers unhappy with the change generally complain about it. Maybe instead of expressing displeasure, customers simply don’t return. Since we don’t know how many, if any people simply walked away from the pancake fiasco without so much as offering a word, one simply cannot rely on a low amount of complaints as a total indicator that there is no problem with the policy. Two additional problems involve the reports from "many" servers that "a number" of customers asking for butter do not complain when served margarine instead. These vague generalities are not helpful in the formulation of an argument.

【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

本段采用了標準的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu),即先是提及原文的第三個邏輯錯誤,之后分析該邏輯錯誤的原因,接下來,進一步分析這樣的錯誤為什么讓原文的Conclusion不成立。

【本段功能】

作為正文第三段,本段攻擊原文所犯的第三個重要邏輯錯誤——樣本類錯誤。原文提到只有2%的人會抱怨HPH的這個改變,這意味著剩下的98%的人不會抱怨。但事實上,很有可能是因為這些顧客只是不愿意說出來罷了。此外,服務員的關于顧客抱怨的Report也不是很有說服力。因此,原文并不能證明的確是很少顧客抱怨HPH的這個改變。

In sum, the speaker's argument requires further development. To better assess the situation before making a recommendation, an audience would need to know: (1) how long the change has been in effect in the Southwest, (2) what percentage of HPH servers and managers have received customer complaints about the change, and (3) the number of such complaints as a percentage of the total number of HPH customers who order meals calling for either butter or margarine. To strengthen the argument, the speaker must provide clear evidence that HPH customers in all other regions are likely to be happy with the change and continue to patronize HPH thereafter.

【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

本段采用了標準的Argument結(jié)尾段結(jié)構(gòu),即C—S的結(jié)尾結(jié)構(gòu)。首先再次重申原文Conclusion是站不住腳的,接下來給出可以增強原文說服力的合理的Suggestion,包括原文作者需要進一步提供的證據(jù)和細節(jié)信息等。

【本段功能】

本段作為結(jié)尾段,具體功能即為總結(jié)歸納+提出建議。段落首先再次重申強調(diào)原文作者的論證不合理,接下來給出合理的建議:這個改變發(fā)生了多久,顧客抱怨的實際百分比是多少,以及在其它地區(qū)的顧客對于這種改變的態(tài)度是什么。只有在全面考慮這些問題后,原文才能更有說服力。此外不難發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)尾段總結(jié)提出的建議與正文各段中依次攻擊的錯誤遙相呼應,即分別對應了樣本類錯誤和類比類錯誤,這使全篇文章顯得渾然一體。

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