GRE閱讀備考精華技巧指點

GRE閱讀備考精華技巧指點, 做好意群訓練看懂文章更輕松，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀備考精華技巧指點 ,做好意群訓練看懂文章更輕松

什么是意群訓練

在進入正題之前，先來看看意群的概念，對意群的解釋目前流行幾個版本，從閱讀的意義上來講，意群就是指大家平時閱讀一篇文章時，視線每停留一次，進入視界范圍的單詞會有多個。這些單詞不帶有任意性，單詞與單詞之間的邏輯意義緊密相連，所以可以暫且將這種意義緊密相連的多個單詞視為一個意群。

要想將這種方法運用到實際的閱讀當中，那就有必要知道，語篇的構(gòu)成單位為段落，段落的構(gòu)成單位則是句子，而句子的最終構(gòu)成單位為語言意義的基本載體單元詞匯。而意群訓練，是指按照對詞匯之間意義的緊密性及對英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)進行拆分的閱讀方法，這樣不僅利于閱讀速度的提升還可以提高一個人對語篇環(huán)境的適應能力。

實例講解意群訓練法

例句1

The primary method previously used by paleontologists to estimate climatic changes that occurred during Pleistocene glacial cycles [新世紀冰川周期] was the determination of 18O/16O [18O與16O分別為氧元素] ratios in calcareous fossils.

這個句子讀完第一遍之后，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒有讀懂這個句子是因為當中所出現(xiàn)的生詞所造成的，那你錯了，如若使用意群法對此句進行結(jié)構(gòu)拆分，反而會發(fā)現(xiàn)其實這個句子讀起來并是那么晦澀難懂。換句話說，如果將單詞擴大到一個短語成分，分句，乃至整個句子，這樣對文章理解起來更深刻也更全面。上面的那個句子，可以將其解構(gòu)為：一個主干結(jié)構(gòu)，4個意群：

本句主干：Method[主語] Be[系動詞] Determination [表語]

四個意群分別為：1) The primary method previously used by paleontologist; 2) to estimate climatic changes that occurred; 3) during Pleistocene glacial cycles; 4) was the determination of 18O/16O ratios in calcareous fossils. 在這句話中，意群的劃分依據(jù)為詞語與詞語之間的聯(lián)系緊密度，意群1應解釋為： method前有The primary, 后有previously used by paleontologist，分別起到修飾method的作用，而意群2則在此處用作動詞use的目的狀語，用來說明這種方法的用途所在, 意群4為系動詞表語結(jié)構(gòu)，整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)也隨之開始變的清晰起來。

例句2

In the Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western European literary techniques and styles.

中文釋義：

在<<憂郁的藍調(diào)>>一詩中，休斯選擇改變這樣一些傳統(tǒng)：即，那些曾經(jīng)規(guī)定美國黑人文學必須以倡導種族容忍及種族團結(jié)為宗旨的文學傳統(tǒng)，并規(guī)定為實現(xiàn)這一目標，美國黑人文學還須反映出對西歐文學技巧及風格的理解和嫻熟運用能力的文學傳統(tǒng).

這段話中出現(xiàn)了，三個That,往往考生會在這幾個that之間躊躇不定，尤其是第三個that后面的意群，in order to do so作為一個插入成分將that與緊跟that后的賓語從句分隔開來，第一個that起引導定語從句的作用，且第一個that可用which 來替代，而第二與第三個that起引導賓語從句的作用，第三個that前省略了動詞decreed。當句子當初出現(xiàn)復合句時，尤其是賓語從句或定語從句，會以that為標志出現(xiàn)，而只要將that及其所引導的成分視為一個意群進行分析，讀時才不會出現(xiàn)那種不得要領(lǐng)的閱讀感覺。

例句3

The petition asked that during June, July, and August the working hours be changed from 8 to 5 with an hour off for lunch to 7 to 3:30 with a half-hour for lunch

中文釋義：此申請書請求6，7，8三個月份間的工作時間應從原來早8晚5改為現(xiàn)在的早7點上班晚3：30下班的工作時間制，而午餐時間則由原來的1小時改為現(xiàn)在的半小時。

如果能夠分清此句的意群，就不會讀不懂整句話，本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：The petition [主語] asked[謂語] that[后接賓語從句]。當我們看到be change時，便會一眼看到change 后的from...to...to...to，這時，問題便出現(xiàn)了，這里存在兩個意群：1. 8 to 5 with an hour off for lunch; 2. 7 to 3:30 with a half-hour for lunch, 當理清這兩個意群以后，整個句子開始變得流暢了許多。

在新GRE閱讀中，大家如果能夠?qū)⒕渥影凑找馊悍椒ㄟM行句子結(jié)構(gòu)的重新劃分，將句子分為幾個意義理解單位，不但能夠提升閱讀的速度，而且還會對句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及段落進行清晰的把握。這就是進行意群訓練的意義，希望大家按照本上文的方式進行新GRE閱讀練習，以提高自己的新GRE閱讀成績。

新GRE閱讀練習題

Stem borers are insect pests that often ruin North American corn crops. On some other continents, crop damage by stem borers is controlled by a certain species of wasp. Since these wasps eat nothing but stem borers, importing them into North America will keep crop damage from stem borers under control without endangering other North American insect species.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Corn is the principal food of stem borers that live on continents other than North America.

(B) The wasps are capable of surviving in North America long enough to eat significant numbers of stem borers.

(C) No wasp in North America is closely related to the species of wasp that eats stem borers.

(D) On continent other than North America, the wasps control stem borers more effectively than does any other pest control measure.

(E) Corn crops on continents other than North America are not damaged by any insect pests other than stem borers.

答案：B

新GRE閱讀練習題

In the United States, average fuel efficiency of newly manufactured domestic cars, although remaining worse than that of newly manufactured imported cars, substantially improved between 1983 and 1988. Average fuel efficiency of new domestic cars has not improved since, but the difference in average fuel efficiencies of new domestic cars and new imported cars has steadily decreased. If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

(A) Average fuel efficiency of domestic cars manufactured after 1988 was better than that of imported cars manufactured before 1988.

(B) Average fuel efficiency of newly manufactured domestic cars has steadily worsened since 1988.

(C) Average fuel efficiency of newly manufactured imported cars has steadily worsened since 1988.

(D) Average fuel efficiency of newly manufactured imported cars has steadily improved since 1983.

(E) Average fuel efficiency of imported cars manufactured in 1983 was better than that of imported cars manufactured in 1988.

答案：C

新GRE閱讀練習題

For many years, Benjamin Quarles' seminal account of the participation of African Americans in the American Revolution has remained the standard work in the field. According to Quarles, the outcome of this conflict was mixed for African American slaves who enlisted in Britain's fight against its rebellious American colonies in return for the promise of freedom:the British treacherously resold many into slavery in the West Indies, while others obtained freedom in Canada and Africa. Building on Quarles' analysis of the latter group, Sylvia Frey studied the former slaves who emigrated to British colonies in Canada. According to Frey, these refugees-the most successful of the African American Revolutionary War participants-viewed themselves as the ideological heirs of the American Revolution. Frey sees this inheritances reflected in their demands for the same rights that the American revolutionaries had demanded from the British: land ownership, limits to arbitrary authority and burdensome taxes, and freedom of religion.

According to the passage, which of the following is true about the African American Revolutionary War participants who settled in Canada after the American Revolution?

(A) Although they were politically unaligned with either side, they identified more with British ideology than with American ideology.

(B) While they were not immediately betrayed by the British, they ultimately suffered the same fate as did African American Revolutionary.War participants who were resold into slavery in the West Indies.

(C) They settled in Canada rather than in Africa because of the greater religious freedom available in Canada.

(D) They were more politically active than were African American Revolutionary War participants who settled in Africa.

(E) They were more successful than were African American Revolutionary War participants who settled Africa.

答案：E

新GRE閱讀練習題

From a newspaper editorial:Many people who are addicted to heroin will eventually attempt to overcome their addiction, principally for two reasons:the expense of maintaining a heroin addiction and the fear of arrest. If heroin were legalized and made available cheaply, as some people advocate, neither of these reasons would apply.

The considerations above can best serve as part of an argument that

(A) legalizing the sale of heroin would cause the price of this drug to go down

(B) making it easier for heroin addicts to obtain treatment for their addiction would encourage many heroin addicts to attempt to overcome their addiction

(C) legalizing the sale of heroin would increase the number of crimes committed by heroin addicts to support their addiction

(D) making heroin available legally and cheaply would make it less likely that heroin addicts will attempt to overcome their addiction

(E) decreasing the severity of penalties for individuals who use heroin would not increase the number of new heroin addicts

答案：D