GRE快速閱讀技巧
小編給大家?guī)砹薌RE快速閱讀技巧,我們來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE快速閱讀技巧
GRE閱讀速度慢該如何解決?GRE考試中閱讀量太大，很多同學都做不完題，liuxue86小編為大家整理了一些關(guān)于GRE的閱讀技巧。想考GRE去美國留學的同學一起來看看吧!
1.先過了單詞關(guān)。
不用文章所有單詞都認識。甚至要盡量保持文章中一些名詞不認識，這樣可以去猜，練習猜詞的能力，畢竟考試中肯定會有詞不認識，要根據(jù)上下文推測下。但是一些重要的形容詞，名詞，動詞還是要認識的，因為這些詞反映了作者的態(tài)度和文章的轉(zhuǎn)折啊之類的結(jié)構(gòu)。而且對這些詞要很熟練，一看到就能反應過來是褒義還是貶義，不能反應半天。
2.每天練習下長難句
每天都看看長難句，不要看答案，自己盡量分析。
每看完一句長難句，都做一下意群訓練，這個對提高閱讀速度非常非常有幫助，看長難句最好每天都看一個小時，可以增加預感，也破除了對閱讀的恐懼感，看的同時做意群訓練可以增加閱讀速度。
3.速度訓練
讀GRE邏輯框架：
很多教材都介紹了很多閱讀把握邏輯框架的技巧，比如not only后的跳過，but also后的重點讀，however后的要重點度之類的。
大家不能盲目記這些技巧，最好要自己親手總結(jié)，適合自己的，畢竟很多時候GRE細節(jié)題考的都是一些要”跳過的“插入語，或者for example之后的東西。如果讀的時候直接跳過了，就會有問題。
其實這個讀重點的方法是非常好的，however，不應該那么死記硬背的去用，要通過自己的總結(jié)，去形成一種直覺，什么后面的該讀，什么后面的該快速掃過。
大家可以在剛開始讀文章時，細細的讀每句話，讀完后，理解了整篇文章，腦子里默想下文章的框架和主旨，是什么觀點，是怎么論證的，有哪些重要的證據(jù)和性質(zhì)，老觀點弱在哪兒，等等。然后回過頭去，劃出你認為是非讀不可，不讀就理解不了文章主旨的。而且只要讀劃下文字，就能達到同樣快速理解文章主旨的效果。然后再做下一篇，劃下一篇。等做了十篇左右，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)劃出的文字越來越少了，自己也慢慢清楚了GRE的文章套路，哪些是會考的，哪些可以忽略。
舉個例子：一般反駁老觀點的文章，看到第一個詞many people，就可以掃過這句找however了，因為however肯定是指出他的不足和他對比，通過however的觀點，腦子里就可以推出many people 的觀點，這樣就可以掃過不少內(nèi)容。
一定要邊讀邊動腦子，而不是盲目的吸收信息。大家都知道新GRE是邏輯考試，不是簡答的語言考試，不要用做中學英語閱讀的那套。
如果閱讀中遇到讀不懂的長難句，就仔細破解，找主謂賓，靜下心來慢慢破解個一小時，一句話總看得懂吧。這樣把握了結(jié)構(gòu)做題的時候，遇到主旨題，細節(jié)題，作者態(tài)度題就直接秒殺了，不用回去看文章。然后遇到細節(jié)題，回去快速定位找下，畢竟文章理解了，定位就很快。
現(xiàn)在新GRE考試，閱讀都很短，作者很難鋪開寫，所以邏輯非常清晰，這樣做就很適合，練習的時候，每做完一篇閱讀，就先心里默想下新GRE考試邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，用最短的話概括下，再去做題。
4.最后就是漫長的卡時間訓練
可以從每篇文章6分鐘，5分鐘，4分鐘根據(jù)個人情況一步步的訓練。慢慢扔掉一些以前覺得一定要讀的，因為沒有那么多時間。根據(jù)每篇文章分配的時間，來有取舍的讀，每篇短閱讀2分鐘讀完，能讀多少是多少，但是要把文章讀完，而不是很細的讀了前三句，后三句根本沒看。要宏觀的讀下全文。文章把握住邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，觀點即可，細節(jié)不要太深究，加快節(jié)奏。
5.體會下閱讀和arg的關(guān)系
閱讀和arg很像，確實是這樣，大家把一片閱讀簡化后，發(fā)現(xiàn)就是一篇arg，作者舉了一堆證據(jù)妄圖證明一個觀點，駁斥其他觀點而新G中很流行的題型，比如怎么怎么樣會support，或者undermine作者觀點，其實就是arg中找反例，找邏輯錯誤的過程這樣去解題就簡單多了。只是我們思考的方式不同，看arg下意識的去找錯，看閱讀下意識的相信作者，所以往往會反應不過來。改革后的新GRE考試，取消了原來的“類反”部分，題目類型也變得多樣化了，更加加強和強調(diào)了對邏輯推理的考察還有詞匯要求更加高。但是作為一個標準化的測試，出題的原則還是萬變不離其宗的，只要同學們保持好心態(tài)，多加練習，增強新GRE考試閱讀邏輯推理能力。
GRE考試閱讀理解模擬題及答案解析
P1
Many critics of Eamily Bronte‘s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation.
Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel‘s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts.
Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel‘s heterogeneous parts.
However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel‘s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing.
This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet. (164 words)
1. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?
(A) The second part has received more attention from critics.
(B) The second part has little relation to the first part.
(C) The second part annuls the force of the first part.
(D) The second part provides less substantiation for a ―romantic‖ reading.
(E)The second part is better because it is more realistic.
2. Which of the following inferences about Henry James‘s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?
(A) James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic construction.
(B) James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.
(C) James‘s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of Bronte.
(D) James‘s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual novels.
(E) James‘s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his novels.
3. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should
(A) not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel
(B) not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel
(C) not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structure
(D) concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel‘s main structure
(E) primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
4. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?
□A Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into theses.
□B Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical interpretation.
□C Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering Heights.
P2
The deep sea typically has a sparse fauna dominated by tiny worms and crustaceans, with an even sparser distribution of larger animals.
However, near hydrothermal vents, areas of the ocean where warm water emerges from subterranean sources, live remarkable densities of huge clams, blind crabs, and fish.
Most deep-sea faunas rely for food on particulate matter, ultimately derived from photosynthesis, falling from above.
The food supplies necessary to sustain the large vent communities, however, must be many times the ordinary fallout.
The first reports describing vent faunas proposed two possible sources of nutrition: bacterial chemosynthesis, production of food by bacteria using energy derived from chemical changes, and advection, the drifting of food materials from surrounding regions.
Later, evidence in support of the idea of intense local chemosynthesis was accumulated: hydrogen sulfide was found in vent water; many vent-site bacteria were found to be capable of chemosynthesis; and extremely large concentrations of bacteria were found in samples of vent water thought to be pure.
This final observation seemed decisive.
If such astonishing concentrations of bacteria were typical of vent outflow, then food within the vent would dwarf any contribution from advection.
Hence, the widely quoted conclusion was reached that bacterial chemosynthesis provides the foundation for hydrothermal-vent food chains—an exciting prospect because no other communities on Earth are independent of photosynthesis.
There are, however, certain difficulties with this interpretation.
For example, some of the large sedentary organisms associated with vents are also found at ordinary deep-sea temperatures many meters from the nearest hydrothermal sources.
This suggests that bacterial chemosynthesis is not a sufficient source of nutrition for these creatures.
Another difficulty is that similarly dense populations of large deep-sea animals have been found in the proximity of “smokers” – vents where water emerges at temperatures up to 350°C.
No bacteria can survive such heat, and no bacteria were found there.
Unless smokers are consistently located near more hospitable warm-water vents, chemosynthesis can account for only a fraction of the vent faunas.
It is conceivable, however, that these large, sedentary organisms do in fact feed on bacteria that grow in warm-water vents, rise in the vent water, and then rain in peripheral areas to nourish animals living some distance from the warm-water vents.
Nonetheless, advection is a more likely alternative food source.
Research has demonstrated that advective flow, which originates near the surface of the ocean where suspended particulate matter accumulates, transports some of that matter and water to the vents.
Estimates suggest that for every cubic meter of vent discharge, 350 milligrams of particulate organic material would be advected into the vent area.
Thus, for an average-sized vent, advection could provide more than 30 kilograms of potential food per day.
In addition, it is likely that small live animals in the advected water might be killed or stunned by thermal and/or chemical shock, thereby contributing to the food supply of vents. (479 words)
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
5. The passage provides information for answering which of the following questions EXCEPT?
□A What causes warm-water vents to form?
□B What role does hydrogen sulfide play in chemosynthesis?
□C Do bacteria live in the vent water of smokers?
6. The information in the passage suggests that the majority of deep-sea faunas that live in nonvent habitats have which of the following characteristics?
(A) They do not normally feed on particles of food in the water.
(B) They are smaller than many vent faunas.
(C) They are predators.
(D) They derive nutrition from a chemosynthetic food source.
(E) They congregate around a single main food source.
7. Select the sentence in the passage in which the author implies that vents are colonized by some of the same animal found in other areas of the ocean floor, which might be a weakness for the bacterial chemosynthesis model.
8. The author refers to "smokers" in the third paragraph most probably in order to
(A) show how thermal shock can provide food for some vent faunas by stunning small animals
(B) prove that the habitat of most deep-sea animals is limited to warm-water vents
(C) explain how bacteria carry out chemosynthesis
(D) demonstrate how advection compensates for the lack of food sources on the seafloor
(E) present evidence that bacterial chemosynthesis may be an inadequate source of food for some vent faunas
P1
1
Many critics of Emily Bronte‘s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation.
許多評論家認為艾米莉·勃朗特的小說呼嘯山莊的第二部分，即便沒有顛覆之，也是對 通常被認為表現(xiàn)出一種浪漫風格的第一部分 的一種對比。
(
if it does not reverse 中的 if ，作 even though \ although perhaps 即使，即便，雖然。
)
2
Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel‘s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts.
而小說中對敘述人稱和時間轉(zhuǎn)換的復雜運用，所表現(xiàn)出的精致的結(jié)構(gòu)，又使人傾向于認為兩部分是一個整體。
3
Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel‘s heterogeneous parts.
的確，這些因素不足以得出結(jié)論說作者在小說結(jié)構(gòu)上具備了 H J 那樣的作者意識，但這些因素確實鼓勵了把小說不同部分做統(tǒng)一解讀的嘗試。
4
However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel‘s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing.
然而，任何嘗試統(tǒng)一小說不同元素的解讀，在某種程度上都缺乏說服力。
5
This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
并非因為這樣的解讀必然墮為一種僵化的理論(盡管僵化地解讀這本小說或任何一本小說總是危險的)，而是因為《呼嘯山莊》包含的不可調(diào)和元素有一種無可否認的力量，最終會抗拒一種總括全局的解讀。
6
In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet. (164 words)
在這方面，《呼嘯山莊》有點像《哈姆雷特》。
1. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?
(A) The second part has received more attention from critics.
(B) The second part has little relation to the first part.
(C) The second part annuls the force of the first part.
(D) The second part provides less substantiation for a “romantic” reading.
(E)The second part is better because it is more realistic.
選D
句 1 。
第一部分是被認為 romantic 的，第二部分作為第一部分的對比 counterpoint ，即便沒有顛覆 if it does not reverse ，可知起碼第二部分不像第一部分那么浪漫。
2. Which of the following inferences about Henry James‘s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?
(A) James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic construction.
(B) James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.
(C) James‘s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of Bronte.
(D) James‘s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual novels.
(E) James‘s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his novels.
選B
句 2 中介紹了一些《呼嘯山莊》的特點，比如敘述人稱和時間的轉(zhuǎn)換等，這些特點在句 3 中明確為，need not argue 不必然得出 H J 的那種注意小說結(jié)構(gòu)的作者意識，可以認為 H J 更注意小說結(jié)構(gòu)。所以選 B 。
3. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should
(A) not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel
(B) not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel
(C) not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structure
(D) concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel‘s main structure
(E) primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware
選B
句 5 括號里的內(nèi)容 although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger ，可以得出一個作者的傾向，作者認為僵化地解釋任何一本小說都不好，符合 B 的描述。
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
4. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?
□A Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into theses.
□B Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical interpretation.
□C Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering Heights.
選B
根據(jù)文章，只有最后一句提到《哈姆雷特》，指兩部小說都抗拒一種統(tǒng)一的解讀，所以——
A 未知信息
B 正確
C 不能判斷。兩個都抗拒，不知道是不是某一個更抗拒。
P2
1
The deep sea typically has a sparse fauna dominated by tiny worms and crustaceans, with an even sparser distribution of larger animals.
深海特有一種稀疏的動物群，主要由小蟲和甲殼動物組成，更大型的動物則少之又少。
2
However, near hydrothermal vents, areas of the ocean where warm water emerges from subterranean sources, live remarkable densities of huge clams, blind crabs, and fish.
然而，海底噴泉口附近，也就熱水從地表下噴出的區(qū)域，有大量巨型蛤蜊，盲蟹和魚存活。
3
Most deep-sea faunas rely for food on particulate matter, ultimately derived from photosynthesis, falling from above.
多數(shù)深海動物的食物來源，是上方的光合作用產(chǎn)生的微粒物質(zhì)的沉降。
4
The food supplies necessary to sustain the large vent communities, however, must be many times the ordinary fallout.
然而，想滿足大型海底噴口附近的動物對食物的需求，必須要數(shù)倍于一般的沉降量。
5
The first reports describing vent faunas proposed two possible sources of nutrition: bacterial chemosynthesis, production of food by bacteria using energy derived from chemical changes, and advection, the drifting of food materials from surrounding regions.
描述噴口動物群的早期報告提出兩種可能的食物來源：細菌的化合作用，由利用化合作用所產(chǎn)生的能量的細菌來提供食物，和平流作用，由周圍區(qū)域的海流循環(huán)運來食物。
6
Later, evidence in support of the idea of intense local chemosynthesis was accumulated: hydrogen sulfide was found in vent water; many vent - site bacteria were found to be capable of chemosynthesis; and extremely large concentrations of bacteria were found in samples of vent water thought to be pure.
后來，越來越多的證據(jù)支持強烈的本地化學合成說：噴出的水流中檢測出了硫化氫;很多噴口附近的細菌被發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠進行化學合成;而原以為不含細菌的噴口水樣中檢測到了極高程度的細菌聚集。
7
This final observation seemed decisive.
最后這項觀察結(jié)果似乎是決定性的。
8
If such astonishing concentrations of bacteria were typical of vent outflow, then food within the vent would dwarf any contribution from advection.
如果所有噴口噴出的水都聚集了如此多的細菌，平流作用帶來的那點食物簡直無法和噴口本身提供的食物相提并論。
(
dwarf 侏儒，作動詞可以指“通過比較使…顯得矮小”。
本劇直譯大概是，噴口內(nèi)的食物將使平流作用的的貢獻顯得矮小，也就說平流作用帶來的食物相比之下太少了。
)
9
Hence, the widely quoted conclusion was reached that bacterial chemosynthesis provides the foundation for hydrothermal - vent food chains — an exciting prospect because no other communities on Earth are independent of photosynthesis.
因此，細菌的化合為噴口附近區(qū)域的食物鏈提供了基礎(chǔ)成為一個廣泛的共識 —— 這是個令人激動的觀點，因為地球上還有其他群體的生存能夠脫離光合作用。
10
There are, however, certain difficulties with this interpretation.
然而，這種說法也有一些回答不了的問題。
11
For example, some of the large sedentary organisms associated with vents are also found at ordinary deep-sea temperatures many meters from the nearest hydrothermal sources.
比如，一些在噴口附近出現(xiàn)的大型固著動物也在常溫深海區(qū)域被發(fā)現(xiàn)，距離最近的噴發(fā)熱源也有數(shù)米。
12
This suggests that bacterial chemosynthesis is not a sufficient source of nutrition for these creatures.
這意味著細菌化合不足以為這些動物提供食物。
13
Another difficulty is that similarly dense populations of large deep-sea animals have been found in the proximity of “smokers” – vents where water emerges at temperatures up to 350°C.
另一個難點在于，“smokers” 附近也發(fā)現(xiàn)了種群密度相似的大型深海動物，“smokers” 噴出的水溫度高達 350 攝氏度。
14
No bacteria can survive such heat, and no bacteria were found there.
這種溫度下不可能存活、也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何細菌。
15
Unless smokers are consistently located near more hospitable warm-water vents, chemosynthesis can account for only a fraction of the vent faunas.
除非 smokers 附近總有一些更適合動物生存的溫水噴口，否則化學合成只能為一部分噴口附近的動物提供食物。
16
It is conceivable, however, that these large, sedentary organisms do in fact feed on bacteria that grow in warm-water vents, rise in the vent water, and then rain in peripheral areas to nourish animals living some distance from the warm-water vents.
盡管如此，可以想象的是這些固著的大型動物實際上確實靠溫水噴口的細菌提供食物，從噴口噴出的水最終回落到噴口周圍，以養(yǎng)活噴口附近的動物。
17
Nonetheless, advection is a more likely alternative food source.
而平流作用，仍然是另一種更可能的食物來源。
18
Research has demonstrated that advective flow, which originates near the surface of the ocean where suspended particulate matter accumulates, transports some of that matter and water to the vents.
已經(jīng)有研究顯示，海面附近出現(xiàn)的平流聚集了懸浮的顆粒物質(zhì)，其中一部分隨水流被運到噴口。
19
Estimates suggest that for every cubic meter of vent discharge, 350 milligrams of particulate organic material would be advected into the vent area.
據(jù)估算噴口噴出的每立方米水，會有350毫克有機顆粒物質(zhì)會被洋流輸送到附近區(qū)域。
20
Thus, for an average-sized vent, advection could provide more than 30 kilograms of potential food per day.
所以，一個中等大小的噴口，每天通過平流作用提供超過30千克潛在的食物。
21
In addition, it is likely that small live animals in the advected water might be killed or stunned by thermal and/or chemical shock, thereby contributing to the food supply of vents. (479 words)
另外，隨著平流被帶走的小動物也可能被熱量和化學沖擊殺死，因此增加了噴口的食物供應。
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
5. The passage provides information for answering which of the following questions EXCEPT?
□A What causes warm-water vents to form?
□B What role does hydrogen sulfide play in chemosynthesis?
□C Do bacteria live in the vent water of smokers?
選AB
A 溫水噴口的成因是啥，不知道。
B 二氧化硫在化合過程中的作用是啥，不知道。
C smokers 噴出的水中有細菌嗎，句 13、14 明確說了，不可能有，也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)過。
6. The information in the passage suggests that the majority of deep-sea faunas that live in nonvent habitats have which of the following characteristics?
(A) They do not normally feed on particles of food in the water.
(B) They are smaller than many vent faunas.
(C) They are predators.
(D) They derive nutrition from a chemosynthetic food source.
(E) They congregate around a single main food source.
選B
根據(jù)句 1 、2 的信息，如果不是噴口附近的動物群(經(jīng)常有大蛤蜊，盲魚等)，普通的深海動物群，主要是蟲子和甲殼動物，B 符合題干。
7. Select the sentence in the passage in which the author implies that vents are colonized by some of the same animal found in other areas of the ocean floor, which might be a weakness for the bacterial chemosynthesis model.
“ For example, some of the large sedentary organisms associated with vents are also found at ordinary deep-sea temperatures many meters from the nearest hydrothermal sources. ”
噴口是細菌最密集以及活躍的區(qū)域，也因此可以解釋為許多動物提供了食物源，如果典型的噴口附近出現(xiàn)的大型動物也出現(xiàn)在較遠的地區(qū)，則有可能削弱化合作用的理論模型。
如果仍然要堅持化合說，則起碼要解釋化合產(chǎn)物是如何被運輸?shù)綌?shù)米以外的，像文中后面那樣用平流作用來解釋。
8. The author refers to "smokers" in the third paragraph most probably in order to
(A) show how thermal shock can provide food for some vent faunas by stunning small animals
(B) prove that the habitat of most deep-sea animals is limited to warm-water vents
(C) explain how bacteria carry out chemosynthesis
(D) demonstrate how advection compensates for the lack of food sources on the seafloor
(E) present evidence that bacterial chemosynthesis may be an inadequate source of food for some vent faunas
選E
smokers 的特點是溫度特別高，細菌不可能在這種高溫環(huán)境下生存，所以提出 smokers 是為了說明，單純用細菌化合說解釋不了所有的 vent faunas
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