托福閱讀如何通過邏輯關鍵詞解答句子插入題
托福閱讀中句子插入題是比較有難度的一種題型，一般會出現(xiàn)在每篇閱讀比較靠后的段落中。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x如何通過邏輯關鍵詞解答句子插入題,希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀如何通過邏輯關鍵詞解答句子插入題?
托福閱讀句子插入題簡介
句子插入題是考察句子與句子關系的題目。句子之間連接常見的線索有四項：指代、連接性副詞、句子打頭的并列連詞FANBOYS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)，以及觀點與事實。其中前三項是可見線索，最后一項是不可見線索。這里主要介紹連接性的副詞。
托福閱讀常見邏輯關系詞匯羅列
并列 遞進：Besides, In addition, in fact, indeed, also…
轉折：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, instead…
因果：thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly…
目的：to do不定式短語做狀語
解釋：That is (to say)…, In other words…, To put it in another way…
舉例：for example/instance
句間連接性副詞有以上這些?？嫉倪壿嬯P系。
實例講解托福閱讀插入題的邏輯關系詞運用
Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. A. █ It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. B. █ Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. C. █ Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). D. █
In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away as the Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.
我們要考慮什么地方能把兩句話之間聯(lián)系在一起。當你看到in fact的時候，大家來猜想句與句之間是什么邏輯關系呢?在英文中，in fact前后其實是并列、遞進的關系，并不像我們中文中“事實上”是前后的轉折。在托福閱讀中，有in fact的地方，其實都是一個并列、遞進的關系。
也就是，前后兩句的意思基本上是取同的。如果你認為in fact的前后不一樣，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)再也找不到答案了。這個真的不是開玩笑。在整個官方真題Official中我們能找到6、7道題由in fact開頭的句子插入題。明確了句間的關系，我們進一步來看這句話具體的內(nèi)容。它說，事實上來自Teotihuacán的陶器和工藝品能夠在很遠的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)，然后是地點的舉例。在閱讀中，我們碰到并列的內(nèi)容求同不求異，所以后面打包處理為很遠的地方。
這些陶器和藝術品能夠在別的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著什么呢?意味著它跟別的地方應該是有聯(lián)系的。那么我們來一一判斷每個空前有沒有提到它跟別的地方是有聯(lián)系的。
讀完可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，A、B、C三個選項前面都沒有講到它跟別的地方的聯(lián)系。再看D選項，它說這個城市或許有和中美洲的經(jīng)濟和宗教的聯(lián)系，這里才出現(xiàn)聯(lián)系。所以唯一能夠跟前面匹配起來的就是D選項。前面說這個地方跟別地方有宗教和經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系，之后舉個事實來支持它的工藝品能夠在別的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)，說明它果然有聯(lián)系，所以用in fact來支持前面的觀點。
在考慮句與句之間的關系的時候，一定要去注意這些表示句間邏輯關系的詞，這些就體現(xiàn)了作者講話的意圖。
托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析：With climax biome...
托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析
原句案例：
With "climax," "biome," "superorganism," and various other technical terms for the association of animals and plants at a given locality being criticized, the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted for the whole system of associated organisms together with the physical factors of their environment.
詞匯講解：
technical adj. 使用術語的, 專業(yè)的
term n. 術語
結構劃分：
(With "climax," "biome,""superorganism," and various other technical terms) (for the association of animals and plants) (at a given locality) (being criticized), the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted (for the whole system)(of associated organisms) (together with the physical factors of their environment.)
深度分析：
這個句子的主干就是：
the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted
修飾一：(With "climax,""biome," "superorganism," and various other technical terms) ，介詞短語
中文：隨著“頂峰”、“生物群系”、“超級有機體”
修飾二：(for the association of animals and plants)，介詞短語
中文：關于動植物聯(lián)系
修飾三：(at a given locality) ，介詞短語
中文：在一個給定的地點
修飾四：(being criticized) ，非謂語動詞
中文：被批評
修飾五：(for the whole system) ，介詞短語
中文：對于這個系統(tǒng)
修飾六：(of associated organisms) ，介詞短語
中文：相互聯(lián)系的有機體
修飾七：(together with the physical factors of their environment.) ，介詞短語
中文：以及它們環(huán)境中的物理因素
參考翻譯：
隨著“頂峰”、“生物群系”、“超級有機體”(它們用來描述一個給定地點的動植物聯(lián)系)以及各種其它專業(yè)術語受到批評，對于相互聯(lián)系的有機體以及它們環(huán)境中的物理因素形成的整體系統(tǒng)來說，這個術語“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”越來越被廣泛采用。
托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析：some societies domesticated...
托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析
原句案例：
The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state should not make us forget that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity; a few entered the modern period as hunting and gathering societies.
詞匯講解：
domesticate /d?'mest?ke?t/ v. 馴養(yǎng)(動物)
literate /'l?t?r?t/ adj. 有讀寫能力的;有文化的
pastoralism /'p?st?r?l?z?m/ n. 田園主義(風格)，畜牧主義
horticulture /'h??t?,k?lt??/ n. 園藝，園藝學
結構劃分：
The fact (that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) should not make us forget (that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity); a few entered the modern period (as hunting and gathering societies.)
深度分析：
這個句子的主干就是：
The fact should not makeus forget
修飾一：that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity，從句
從句中還有一個A but B結構，要注意
中文：其它社會雖然發(fā)展了畜牧或園藝(蔬菜園藝)，但依然沒有文化并且生產(chǎn)力低下
修飾二：(that some societies domesticate danimals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) ，從句，修飾fact。
這個同位語從句很長，其中一個并列結構：A, B, C, and D，這個從句把這個句子的主謂隔開了，大家注意斷句
中文：一些社會馴養(yǎng)動植物、發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬工具的用處、變得有文化以及發(fā)展出了一個國家
修飾三：(as hunting and gathering societies.)，介詞短語
中文：以狩獵和采集的社會
參考翻譯：
一些社會馴養(yǎng)動植物、發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬工具的用處、變得有文化以及發(fā)展出了一個國家，這樣一個事實不應該使我們忘記：其它社會雖然發(fā)展了畜牧或園藝(蔬菜園藝)，但依然沒有文化并且生產(chǎn)力低下;少數(shù)以狩獵和采集的社會進入了現(xiàn)代時期。
托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析：It is archaeologist...
托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析
原句案例：
It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996), that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity, that is, the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity.
詞匯講解：
archaeologist /?ɑ:ki'?l?d?ist/ n. 考古學家
cognitive /?k?ɡnitiv/ adj. 認知的
fluidity /flu:'id?ti/ n. 流動性
integration /?nt?'gre??(?)n/ n. 整合，熔合
gear /g??/ v. 調(diào)整，適用于
結構劃分：
It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, (brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996)), (that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity), (that is), (the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. )
深度分析：
這個句子的主干就是It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis+后面的同位語從句，斷句要注意，中間被非謂語動詞 (brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996))隔開了
修飾一：(brilliantly developed in his bookThe Prehistory of the Mind (1996)) ，非謂語動詞，修飾thesis
中文：在他的書《The Prehistory of the Mind》(1996)中完美形成
修飾二：(that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity) ，從句，解釋thesis
中文：大約四萬年前，人的思維形成了認知流動性
修飾三：(that is) ，插入語
中文：那就是
修飾四：(the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. ) ，同位語，解釋cognitive fluidity。
其中還有一個非謂語動詞(geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources)，修飾history
中文：即思想專業(yè)化的融合：技術、自然歷史(用于去理解自然資源的運轉和分配)、社會智力以及語言能力。
參考翻譯：
考古學家Steven Mithen的命題——這在他的書《The Prehistory of the Mind》(1996)中完美形成——認為：大約四萬年前，人的思維形成了認知流動性，即思想專業(yè)化的融合：技術、自然歷史(用于去理解自然資源的運轉和分配)、社會智力以及語言能力。
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