托福閱讀文章段落精讀技巧實(shí)例講解分享

托福閱讀文章從某種意義上來(lái)說可以說是寶庫(kù),今天小編給大家來(lái)托福閱讀文章段落精讀技巧實(shí)例講解，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

【高分精選】托福閱讀文章段落精讀技巧實(shí)例講解

托福閱讀備考為何要做段落精讀?

精讀段落可以幫助考生了解托福閱讀文章段落的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律，捕捉含特殊邏輯關(guān)系的結(jié)構(gòu)的可能出題點(diǎn)。

托福閱讀備考段落精讀要點(diǎn)實(shí)例講解

1. 快速找出并理解段落中心句

段落精讀的第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)就是要快速找出并理解各段落的中心句。如果是首段，一般關(guān)注它的首句或尾句;如果是中間段，一般也是閱讀首尾句，但也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)“非常規(guī)”的情況，即中心句在段落的中間出現(xiàn)。以下面這個(gè)段落為例。

Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback”) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.” Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? (官方指南OG “The Expression of Emotions”)

乍一看，你會(huì)覺得本段落的中心句就是第一句，其實(shí)第一句只是交代了一個(gè)普遍的(generally)看法，第二句是基于這個(gè)看法作進(jìn)一步的解釋(in fact)。而真正的中心句應(yīng)該是第三句(由however引出)，它提出了另一個(gè)新的看法，叫“面部反饋的假設(shè)”，這個(gè)新的看法才是本段接著要展開的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。大家在精讀段落時(shí)，應(yīng)該特別留意類似“非常規(guī)”的情況，充分理解這種段落的寫作邏輯。

2. 關(guān)注段落中邏輯關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)

段落精讀的第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)就是關(guān)注段落中含邏輯關(guān)系詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，比如轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)、因果結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、連續(xù)列舉結(jié)構(gòu)等，這些結(jié)構(gòu)往往都是托福閱讀考試的出題點(diǎn)。筆者建議考生在精讀時(shí)用記號(hào)標(biāo)出這些結(jié)構(gòu)的信號(hào)詞，對(duì)其前后的文字加以研讀，并與后面的題目進(jìn)行對(duì)照，摸索閱讀出題的規(guī)律。這里以“轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)”為例作為示范。

According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. Unfortunately, the few scientific investigations of yawning have failed to find any connection between how often someone yawns and how much sleep they have had or how tired they are. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten. (官方?？颊骖}18 “The Mystery of Yawning”)

考生在精讀本段落時(shí)，要特別注意本段中的Unfortunately，它是轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞之一，引起了前后信息的轉(zhuǎn)折，后面的句子對(duì)本段開頭的傳統(tǒng)理論(conventional theory)作出了反駁，意思是“但遺憾的是，關(guān)于打哈欠的僅有的幾項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究并沒有找到打哈欠的頻率與個(gè)人睡眠時(shí)長(zhǎng)或者疲勞程度之間的任何關(guān)聯(lián)。”考生可以劃出這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，然后再跟后面的題目進(jìn)行對(duì)照，看看是否針對(duì)這句話出題。對(duì)照之后，考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有一道事實(shí)信息題與這句話有密切的關(guān)系。之后，考生還可以在腦海里再回憶下轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)的信號(hào)詞除了unfortunately還有哪些，比如還有but、however、yet、nevertheless、while、whereas等，以后讀段落或做題時(shí)可以多注意這些地方。

托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句精選匯總深度解析：literature of the Sumerians...

托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析

原句案例：

The literature of the Sumerians was treasured throughout the Near East, and long after Sumerian ceased to be spoken, the Babylonians and Assyrians and others kept it alive as a literary language, the way Europeans kept Latin alive after the fall of Rome.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

并列復(fù)合句。

句子分析：

句1: The literature of the Sumerians was treasured throughout the Near East， The literature為主語(yǔ) of the Sumerians為定語(yǔ)， was treasured 謂語(yǔ)，throughout the Near East 狀語(yǔ)。

本部分意思：在整個(gè)近東地區(qū), 蘇美爾人的文學(xué)都受到珍視.

句2：and long after Sumerian ceased to be spoken, the Babylonians and Assyrians and others kept it alive as a literary language, the way Europeans kept Latin alive after the fall of Rome. 句2結(jié)構(gòu)為狀語(yǔ)從句+主句。after引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，Sumerian為主語(yǔ)，ceased to be spoken為謂語(yǔ)。

主句中，the Babylonians and Assyrians and others 主語(yǔ)， kept謂語(yǔ)， it賓語(yǔ)，alive 賓補(bǔ)， as a literary language也為賓補(bǔ). the way 引出狀語(yǔ)從句，其中，Europeans 主語(yǔ)，kept 謂語(yǔ)， Latin賓語(yǔ)，alive 賓補(bǔ)，after the fall of Rome狀語(yǔ)。

本部分意思：在蘇美爾語(yǔ)停止運(yùn)用很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后，巴比倫人，亞述人和其他人讓它作為一種文學(xué)語(yǔ)言使它存活，就像羅馬衰落以后，歐洲人把拉丁語(yǔ)保存下來(lái)那樣。

參考翻譯：

在近東地區(qū), 蘇美爾人的文學(xué)是受到珍視的，在蘇美爾語(yǔ)停止運(yùn)用很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后，巴比倫人，亞述人和其他人讓它作為一種文學(xué)語(yǔ)言使它存活，就像羅馬衰落以后，歐洲人把拉丁語(yǔ)保存下來(lái)那樣。

托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句精選匯總深度解析：In the near-surface layers...

托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析

原句案例：

In the near-surface layers, there are many large, fast carnivores as well as an immense variety of planktonic animals, which feed on plankton (small, free-floating plants or animals) by filtering them from currents of water that pass through a specialized anatomical structure.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

復(fù)合句，主句中包含which和that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

句子分析：

In the near-surface layers 狀語(yǔ)， 主句為there be 句型，many large, fast carnivores as well as an immense variety of planktonic animals 是主語(yǔ)。

本部分的意思：在近表面層，有很多大型的，移動(dòng)速度快的食肉動(dòng)物以及大量的浮游動(dòng)物，

which引導(dǎo)的從句中，which充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，修飾之前所提及的動(dòng)物們，從句中feed on 是謂語(yǔ)。planktton 賓語(yǔ)，括號(hào)當(dāng)中的內(nèi)容對(duì)planktton進(jìn)行解釋說明。

本部分意思： 他們以浮游生物為食(小的，自由漂浮的植物或動(dòng)物)。

by filtering them from currents of water 方式狀語(yǔ)，說明如何吃這些浮游生物。that引導(dǎo)的從句中，that 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，修飾water， 從句中 pass through 是謂語(yǔ)， a specialized anatomical structure 賓語(yǔ)。

本部分的意思：通過一個(gè)專門的內(nèi)部組織。本部分的意思： 依靠流經(jīng)體內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的水流將浮游生物過濾出來(lái)。

參考翻譯：

在近表面層，有很多大型的，移動(dòng)速度快的食肉動(dòng)物以及大量的浮游動(dòng)物，他們以浮游生物為食(小的，自由漂浮的植物或動(dòng)物)， 依靠流經(jīng)體內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的水流將浮游生物過濾出來(lái)。

托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句精選匯總深度解析：change from redistribution...

托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析

原句案例：

The change from redistribution to formal trade—often based on regulated commerce that perhaps involved fixed prices and even currency—was closely tied to growing political and social complexity and hence to the development of the state in the ancient world.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

復(fù)合句，在插入語(yǔ)中含有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

句子分析：

The change from redistribution to formal trade,the change主語(yǔ)，from redistribution to formal trade,定語(yǔ)。本部分意思：從再分配到正式貿(mào)易的變化。

was closely tied to growing political and social complexity and hence to the development of the state in the ancient world中，was closely tied to….and hence to 謂語(yǔ)(后面hence to,也受tied管制)，growing political and social complexity,賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)the development 也是賓語(yǔ)，of the state in the ancient world 定語(yǔ)部分。本部分意思：與政治和社會(huì)復(fù)雜性以及古代世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展有密切聯(lián)系。

插入語(yǔ)often based on regulated commerce that perhaps involved fixed prices and even currency中，based on regulated commerce, 定語(yǔ)修飾formal trade, that 定語(yǔ)從句，修飾commerce，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，involved 謂語(yǔ)，fixed prices and even currency, 賓語(yǔ)。本部分意思：正式貿(mào)易通常是基于受調(diào)控的貿(mào)易，這種貿(mào)易涉及固定的價(jià)格甚至貨幣。

參考翻譯：

從再分配到正式貿(mào)易的變化與政治和社會(huì)復(fù)雜性以及古代世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展有密切聯(lián)系(正式貿(mào)易通常是基于受調(diào)控的貿(mào)易，這種貿(mào)易涉及固定的價(jià)格甚至貨幣。)