托福閱讀備考如何針對性準(zhǔn)備詞匯
托福閱讀備考如何針對性準(zhǔn)備詞匯?3大類常見話題匯總分析,今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x備考如何針對性準(zhǔn)備詞匯，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀備考如何針對性準(zhǔn)備詞匯?3大類常見話題匯總分析
提升托福閱讀詞匯要按照話題頻率
雖然托福閱讀文章選材類型眾多，但其中大部分文章的閱讀難度還是比較低的，而生詞出現(xiàn)較為集中的文章也有跡可循。考生只要重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備一些應(yīng)對這類話題的詞匯，在小編看來就能較為有效地解決閱讀考試中遇到生詞的問題。當(dāng)然，對于學(xué)術(shù)性很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)詞匯，一方面大家在記憶時也不用像記住其他核心詞匯那樣深度背誦，只要能夠確?；镜谋孀R就可以了;另一方面如果詞匯專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)，托福文章本身也會給出解釋，一般以同位語形式直接緊跟在生詞之后，或者以比較明顯的方式在同段落的其它位置提供說明。所以，大家只需要適當(dāng)記憶一些常見生詞話題的術(shù)語詞匯就可以了。
托福閱讀3大話題常見詞匯匯總分析
那么，托福閱讀哪些話題的文章比較容易出現(xiàn)較多生詞需要考生記憶呢?小編總結(jié)下來主要有這3類：
1. 氣候生態(tài)環(huán)境類話題
這類話題因?yàn)槿缃褚娭T報端較多，涉及到瀕危動物保護(hù)或者環(huán)境問題，所以是托福閱讀話題中的?？?，考生經(jīng)?？梢栽谧龈黝惥毩?xí)真題以及考試中遇到。而這個話題對應(yīng)的詞匯，比如unpredictable無法預(yù)測的，range幅度，extinction滅絕，endangered瀕危，tropical熱帶，jungle叢林，equatorial赤道等等，大家都需要有所了解，收集好相關(guān)詞匯。
2. 人類歷史及考古學(xué)話題
這個話題最近幾年也頗為受到托福考試的話題，選取自這個話題的托福閱讀文章層出不窮。特別是涉及到歷史的話題，具體文章內(nèi)容實(shí)在太多，比如人類文化變遷，古代人類生活習(xí)慣等等。而一旦出現(xiàn)這種話題，很多相關(guān)詞匯也常會讓考生覺得頭疼，畢竟對這類話題感興趣的同學(xué)實(shí)在算不上多。這些詞匯請大家適當(dāng)了解一下：relics遺跡，remains遺跡，mausoleum陵墓，handicraft工藝品，territorial領(lǐng)土，civilization文明。
3. 地理天文學(xué)話題
這個話題因?yàn)楸容^生僻，一直以來都被托福考試拿來作為為難考生性質(zhì)的文章。這類文章即使是看中文也往往很難理解，因此考生的答題正確率和完成度都是明顯比較低的。有鑒于此，小編希望大家能夠重點(diǎn)積累話題相關(guān)的詞匯，以提升對文章的理解能力。常見詞匯有：volcano火山，layer巖層，karst喀斯特地形，permeable可滲透，meteo隕石，asteroid小行星等等。
對于以上這些話題相關(guān)的詞匯，小編建議大家能夠重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備。假如在備考中遇到涉及這些話題的文章，也希望大家能夠認(rèn)真研究看懂，特別是其中出現(xiàn)的一些詞匯需要收集以后做簡單記憶，如此才能確保在托福考試中不會因?yàn)橛龅侥吧掝}的文章而影響理解和解題。
托福閱讀素材：星巴克在中國的經(jīng)典運(yùn)營方法
Starbucks is planning a massive expansion in China over the next couple years that will nearly double its locations in the country. It might seem risky for a coffee company to expand so aggressively in a culture of tea-drinkers. But Starbucks has altered its stores and products to adapt to local tastes and the strategy appears to be working.
星巴克計(jì)劃在接下來的幾年里在中國大規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張，店面的數(shù)量將會是之前的兩倍。在擁有飲茶文化的國家有如此大的擴(kuò)張野心，對于一家咖啡公司而言似乎是在冒險。但是星巴克已經(jīng)改變它的店面和飲品，用來迎合當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦目谖?，這個戰(zhàn)略好像開始奏效。
The company’s same-store sales grew 7% in the region for the most recent quarter and it’s planning to open 500 new locations in China by the end of the year, which would make China Starbucks’ second largest market outside the U.S.
最近一個季度，在一個區(qū)域，公司的同等店面銷售額上漲了7%。星巴克計(jì)劃年底在中國新開500家店，這將使中國的星巴克店面數(shù)量是低于美國的第二大市場。
Here’s a few ways that Starbucks is doing things differently in China:
這里有幾點(diǎn)事星巴克在中國的不同運(yùn)營方法：
1.The stores are bigger with more seating space. “Unlike Americans, who can’t cope without a morning cup of joe, most Chinese customers don’t just grab and go,” writes Violet Law in the Global Post. “Instead, coffee shops here are a destination. People sit back and chat with friends and family. Some come to meet with clients or do business.”
1.店面擴(kuò)大有更多的座位。維奧萊特·勞在國際雜志上寫道“大多數(shù)中國客人不需要急忙拿著咖啡然后離開，不像美國人不能早上沒有一杯咖啡?！毕喾?，咖啡店在中國是目的地。人們坐這里同朋友和家人聊天，一些人也會在這里跟客戶見面或者處理商業(yè)事務(wù)。
While most Starbucks stores in the U.S. are hectic and bustling, Chinese consumers seek out Starbucks to “nurse their drinks and lose themselves in their laptops… enjoying tranquility that’s usually elusive in teeming China,” Law writes.
雖然美國大部分的星巴克店都是繁忙和熙熙攘攘的，而在中國顧客尋找星巴克是為了“在人數(shù)如織的中國這種安靜通常是難以找到的，他們享受這種寧靜，喝咖啡和沉浸在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上…”勞寫道。
2.The coffee is more expensive. Starbucks charges up to 20% more for its coffee products in China compared to other markets. The Chinese state media has attacked Starbucks for this practice, but the company says the prices are due to the higher costs of doing business in the country.
2.咖啡會更貴。星巴克在中國咖啡的收費(fèi)相比于其它市場要高出20%。中國媒體曾攻擊過星巴克的價格，但是星巴克公司卻說價格歸因于在中國開店的高成本。
3.Starbucks stores in China offer a menu of Chinese teas and treats like mooncakes. But one of the best-selling item in the region right now is actually a Strawberry Cheesecake Frappucino, which is topped with a cream cheese whipped cream, graham cracker crumbles, and strawberry syrup. The frappuccino “set instant records for the top-selling limited-time Frappuccino offering ever,” Starbucks chief operating office Troy Alstead said on a recent earnings call.
3.星巴克店在中國提供中國茶菜單和推出像月餅之類的甜點(diǎn)。但在這個地區(qū)，目前銷量最好的產(chǎn)品實(shí)際上冰草莓乳酪刨冰，在刨冰的上面覆蓋一層攪拌乳酪，碎薄餅還有草莓糖漿。刨冰“在有限的時間里，刨冰的銷售量瞬間突破以往的紀(jì)錄，”星巴克首席運(yùn)營官特洛伊·奧爾斯得特在近期的收入來電說。
4. The food is labeled with the country where it was imported from to address Chinese consumers’ concerns about food safety.
4.出于中國消費(fèi)者對食品安全的擔(dān)憂，所有的食物都會貼上從哪個國家進(jìn)口的標(biāo)簽。
5. Starbucks management makes an effort to get to know employees’ families.“Starbucks has … factored in family dynamics and expectations in China, where success can be judged by the title on one’s business card,” the company said in a statement. “Family forums have been held for parents of store partners to hear managers discuss gratifying career paths at Starbucks.”
5.星巴克的管理方式會努力知道員工的家庭。公司在一次聲明中說“在中國，星巴克有家庭動態(tài)因素，一個人商務(wù)名片的頭銜可以評判他的成功。”“家庭討論已經(jīng)為合作伙伴的家人舉辦了很多次，讓他們?nèi)ヂ牻?jīng)理們討論感謝在星巴克的職業(yè)生涯?！?/p>
托福閱讀素材：美國大學(xué)生求職前需要準(zhǔn)備什么
04-21 14:45來源：新東方網(wǎng)整理分享到 對于美國大學(xué)生來說，大學(xué)不是只有圖書館、學(xué)分和GPA，即使成績很好也不見得就為工作做好了準(zhǔn)備。在美國的大學(xué)，課外活動常常和功課一樣重要。一起來看看美國大學(xué)生為求職會做什么準(zhǔn)備工作呢?
1.Get out of the library. You can have a degree and a huge GPA and not be ready for the workplace. A student should plan that college is four years of experience rather than 120 credits," says William Coplin, professor at Syracuse University and author of the book, 10 Things Employers Want You to Learn in College."
第一，走出圖書館。就算有了學(xué)位和很高的GPA你也不見得就為工作做好了準(zhǔn)備。大學(xué)是四年人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不是高學(xué)分。在美國的大學(xué)，課外活動常常和功課一樣重要。
2. Start a business in your dorm room. It's cheap, Google and Yahoo are dying to buy your website, and it's better than washing dishes in the cafeteria. Note to those who play poker online until 4 a.m.: Gambling isn't a business. It's an addiction.
第二，從宿舍開始做生意。這很便宜，雅虎、都會爭先恐后地買你弄出來的網(wǎng)站，這比餐館里洗盤子好多了。至于那些通宵在線玩撲克的人，記住賭博不是生意，賭博是癮。
3. Don't take on debt that is too limiting. This is not a reference to online gambling, although it could be. This is about choosing a state school over a pricey private school. Almost everyone agrees you can get a great education at an inexpensive school. So in many cases the debt from a private school is more career-limiting than the lack of brand name on your diploma.
第三，別債務(wù)纏身。這和在線賭博關(guān)系不大，雖然可能有關(guān)系。這是關(guān)于應(yīng)該選擇一所州立大學(xué)而不是昂貴的私立學(xué)校的問題。幾乎所有人都同意在不那么貴的學(xué)校里也能得到良好的教育。所以從個人前途上看，無債一身輕比花錢買個名牌要有利得多。
4. Get involved on campus. When it comes to career success, emotional intelligence -- social skills to read and lead others -- get you farther than knowledge or job competence, according to Tiziana Casciaro, professor at Harvard Business School. Julie Albert, a junior at Brandeis University, is the director of her a capella group and head of orientation this year. She hones her leadership skills outside the classroom, which is exactly where to do it.
第四，積極參加校園的活動。通過這種活動，可以學(xué)會怎么理解、幫助別人，滿足別人的需要和別人溝通。這在美國文化中，是所謂"領(lǐng)袖素質(zhì)"的基礎(chǔ)。找工作時會被別人另眼相看。千萬不要認(rèn)為自己的生活只有校園而已。
5. Avoid grad school in the liberal arts. One in five English Phd's find stable university jobs, and the degree won't help outside the university: "Schooling only gives you the capacity to stand behind a cash register," says Thomas Benton, a columnist at the Chronicle of Higher Education (who has an English degree from Yale and a tenure-track teaching job.)
第五，不要讀文科博士，五分之一的英語(課程)博士能找到大學(xué)里的穩(wěn)定的工作，如果走出校門，學(xué)位沒什么用處。除非你離了學(xué)術(shù)不能活。讀博士對實(shí)際工作毫無幫助。
6. Skip the law-school track. Lawyers are the most depressed of all professionals. Stress itself does not make a job bad, says Alan Kreuger, economist at Princeton University. Not having control over one's work does make a bad job, though, and lawyers are always acting on behalf of someone else. Suicide is among the leading causes of premature death among lawyers.
第六，別上法學(xué)院。律師是所有職業(yè)中最壓抑的。律師總是代表別人去爭利，壓力奇大。自殺是律師中第一號非正常死亡的原因。
7. Play a sport. People who play sports earn more money than couch potatoes, and women executives who played sports attribute much of their career success to their athletic experience, says Jennifer Cripsen of Sweet Briar College in Virginia. You don't need to be great at sports, you just need to be part of a team.
第七，參加體育運(yùn)動。調(diào)查表明，大學(xué)從事體育的人，畢業(yè)后比那些不沾體育的同學(xué)明顯收入高。美國人從事體育不僅是鍛煉身體，而且是培養(yǎng)競爭的才能和領(lǐng)袖素質(zhì)。一個大動隊(duì)的隊(duì)長到華爾街找工作，優(yōu)勢不可限量。
8. Separate your expectations from those of your parents. "Otherwise you wake up and realize you're not living your own life," says Alexandra Robbins, author of the popular new book "The Overachievers." (Note to parents: If you cringe as you read this list, then you need to read this book.)
第八，別按著父母的期待生活，"否則你醒來后會發(fā)現(xiàn)你過的不是自己的日子。"
9. Try new things that you're not good at. "Ditch the superstar mentality that if you don't reach the top, president, A+, editor in chief, then the efforts were worthless. It's important to learn to enjoy things without getting recognition," says Robbins.
第九，干一些你并不擅長的新事物。你對自己未必了解，這是蘇格拉底給人類的教誨。所以，請給自己一個機(jī)會。
10. Define success for yourself. "Society defines success very narrowly. Rather than defining success as financial gain or accolades, define it in terms of individual interests and personal happiness," says Robbins.
第十，以自己為中心來定義成功，別以外在的東西(比如金錢)來定義成功。
11. Make your job search a priority. Jobs do not fall in your lap, you have to chase them. Especially a good one. It's a job to look for a job. Use spreadsheets to track your progress. And plan early. Goldman Sachs, for example, starts its information sessions in September.
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