GRE閱讀解題先審題再考慮排除法
GRE閱讀解題先審題再考慮排除法, 實例分析亂用解題技巧危害性,我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE閱讀解題先審題再考慮排除法
GRE閱讀盲目使用排除法錯誤率更高
用簡單粗暴的排除法直接找選項和原文的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，而完全不顧題干所問究竟是什么，也是很多同學(xué)在做GRE閱讀題時正確率始終難以提高的主要原因。很多同學(xué)習(xí)慣了以往在中考、高考甚至是托福做題所用的找選項和原文的意思對應(yīng)這種做題方法，并帶到了GRE做題過程中來。對于某些細(xì)節(jié)題，這種方法也許是適用的，但是對文章的主旨、結(jié)構(gòu)這一類和宏觀方面有關(guān)的題型卻并沒有對癥下藥。而哪怕是在細(xì)節(jié)題里，也存在著不同題型提問方式上的差異，直接導(dǎo)致了做題過程中的做題方法和挑選項的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有很大的不同。
GRE閱讀實例講解審題重要性和技巧亂用危害
例1：The author of the passage mentions which of the following as an advantage of high-technology development?
例2：The passage suggests which of the following about the majority of United States manufacturing industries before the high-technology development era of the 1980s?
例3：The author mentions the behavior of the circulatory system of sea snakes when they are removed from the ocean primarily in order to
解題思路分析
如果單看這幾個問題，大家能不能看出題干所問內(nèi)容的區(qū)別?或者能否看出每一個問題潛在的正確答案應(yīng)該是什么樣子?如果深入分析一下，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)例1問的是文章提到了什么，所以正確答案一定是文章提到過的內(nèi)容，而且一定是原文原句表達(dá)過的意思，所以正確答案一定是與原文中句子相同意思，只不過換了一種表達(dá)方式的選項。
例2問的是文章暗示了什么，那么正確選項一定也會和原文有關(guān)，但意思一定不會和原文完全相同，而是原文信息的合理延伸。
例3看似和例1很像，都用了“mention”這個詞，但是看到最后的“in order to”的話可以發(fā)現(xiàn)題目所問的其實是文章之所以提到這句話是為了干什么。因此，這種題干本質(zhì)上是問句子作用，最后回答問題的正確選項一定不會是這句話本身，而是句子背后的目的。
從上述這三個例子中，相信大家大家不難看出，以往在其他英語考試中無往不利的排除法，其實面對GRE閱讀并不是那么好用。而盲目使用排除法強行解答，只會造成各種問題，反而增加了錯誤的發(fā)生。因此，只有對癥下藥，根據(jù)不同的題目具體問題具體分析，重視文章框架和整體結(jié)構(gòu)，才是確保GRE閱讀高分的關(guān)鍵要點。
綜上所述，GRE閱讀在解題過程中，也許某些題目可以通過排除法等取巧方式來快速解決，但從整體而言，一味依賴這些技巧，其實絕非良策。小編希望大家能夠正確認(rèn)識解題技巧，謹(jǐn)慎選擇最合適的GRE閱讀解題方法。
GRE閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇
Four legal approaches may be followed in attempting to channel technological development in socially useful direction: specific directives, market incentive modifications, criminal prohibitions, and changes in decision-making structures. Specific directives involve the government’s identifying one or more factors controlling research, development, or implementation of a given technology. Directives affecting such factors may vary from administrative regulation of private activity to government ownership of a technological operation. Market incentive modifications are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and implementation of technology are made. Such modifications may consist of imposing taxes to cover the costs to society of a given technology, granting subsidies to pay for social benefits of a technology, creating the right to sue to prevent certain technological development, or easing procedural rules to enable the recovery of damages to compensate for harm caused by destructive technological activity. Criminal prohibitions may modify technological activity in areas impinging on fundamental social values, or they may modify human behavior likely to result from technological applications—for example, the deactivation of automotive pollution control devices in order to improve vehicle performance. Alteration of decision-making structures includes all possible modifications in the authority, constitution, or responsibility of private and public entities deciding questions of technological development and implementation. Such alterations include the addition of public-interest members to corporate boards, the imposition by statute of duties on governmental decision-makers, and the extension of warranties in response to consumer action.
Effective use of these methods to control technology depends on whether or not the goal of regulation is the optimal allocation of resources. When the object is optimal resource allocation, that combination of legal methods should be used that most nearly yields the allocation that would exist if there were no external costs resulting from allocating resources through market activity. There are external costs when the price set by buyers and sellers of goods fails to include some costs, to anyone, that result from the production and use of the goods. Such costs are internalized when buyers pay them.
Air pollution from motor vehicles imposes external costs on all those exposed to it, in the form of soiling, materials damage, and disease: these externalities result from failure to place a price on air, thus making it a free good, common to all. Such externalities lead to nonoptimal resource allocation, because the private net product and the social net product of market activity are not often identical. If all externalities were internalized, transactions would occur until bargaining could no longer improve the situation, thus giving an optimal allocation of resources at a given time.
17. The passage is primarily concerned with describing
(A) objectives and legal method for directing technological development
(B) technical approaches to the problem of controlling market activity
(C) economic procedures for facilitating transactions between buyers and sellers
(D) reasons for slowing the technological development in light of environmentalist objections
(E) technological innovations making it possible to achieve optimum allocation of resources
18. The author cites air pollution from motor vehicles in lines 54-56 in order to
(A) revise cost estimates calculated by including the costs of resources
(B) evaluate legal methods used to prevent technological developments
(C) give examples of costs not included in buyer-seller bargains
(D) refute hypotheses not made on the basis of monetary exchange values
(E) commend technological research undertaken for the common welfare
19. According to the passage, transactions between private buyers and sellers have effects on society that generally
(A) are harmful when all factors are considered
(B) give rise to ever-increasing resource costs
(C) reflect an optimal allocation of natural resources
(D) encompass more than the effects on the buyers and sellers alone
(E) are guided by legal controls on the development of technology
20. It can be inferred from the passage that the author does NOT favor which of the following?
(A) Protecting the environment for future use
(B) Changing the balance of power between opposing interests in business
(C) Intervening in the activity of the free market
(D) Making prices reflect costs to everyone in society
(E) Causing technological development to cease
21. A gasoline-conservation tax on the purchase of large automobiles, with the proceeds of the tax rebated to purchasers of small automobiles, is an example of
(A) a specific directive
(B) a market incentive modification
(C) an optimal resource allocation
(D) an alteration of a decision-making structure
(E) an external cost
22. If there were no external costs, as they are described in the passage, which of the following would be true?
(A) All technology-control methods would be effective.
(B) Some resource allocations would be illegal.
(C) Prices would include all costs to members of society.
(D) Some decision-making structures would be altered.
(E) The availability of common goods would increase.
23. The author assumes that, in determining what would be an optimal allocation of resources, it would be possible to
(A) assign monetary value to all damage resulting from the use of technology
(B) combine legal methods to yield the theoretical optimum
(C) convince buyers to bear the burden of damage from technological developments
(D) predict the costs of new technological developments
(E) derive an equation making costs depend on prices
24. On the basis of the passage, it can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements concerning technological development?
(A) The government should own technological operations.
(B) The effect of technological development cannot be controlled.
(C) Some technological developments are beneficial.
(D) The current state of technological development results in a good allocation of resources.
(E) Applications of technological developments are criminally destructive.
The whole biosphere, like the individual organisms that live inside it, exists in a chemically dynamic state (dynamic state: 動態(tài)). In this homeostatic system, a great number of organic compounds are synthesized, transformed, and decomposed continuously; together, these processes constitute the major parts of the carbon cycle. For the smooth operation of this cycle, degradation is just as important as synthesis: the green plants produce great quantities of polymers, such as cellulose, and innumerable other compounds like alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids, that green plants cannot use as sources of energy during respiration. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi. Some bacteria and fungi possess the unique and extremely important biochemical asset of being able to catalyze the oxidation of numerous inert products, thereby initiating reaction sequences that produce carbon dioxide and so return much carbon to a form that actively enters into life cycles once again.
25. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about the carbon cycle?
I. What are some of the compounds that are broken down in the carbon cycle?
II. Why are some compounds that are involved in the carbon cycle less reactive than others?
III. What role do bacteria and fungi play in the carbon cycle?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only
26. The author implies that which of the following is the primary reason that degradation is as important as synthesis to the smooth operation of the carbon cycle?
(A) Most of the polymers and organic compounds found in the plant kingdom are chemically unstable.
(B) The synthesis of some organic material deprives life processes of an energy source.
(C) Decomposition permits the recycling of carbon that would otherwise be fixed in certain substances.
(D) Many organisms cannot use plants as a source of food, but can feed on bacteria and fungi.
(E) Bacteria and fungi could not survive if some carbon compounds were not degraded.
27. The author’s contention about the importance of bacteria and fungi in the production of energy for life processes would be most clearly strengthened if which of the following were found to be true?
(A) Both aerobes and anaerobes provide sources of energy through the decomposition of organic material.
(B) Most compounds containing carbon are unavailable as energy sources except to some bacteria and fungi.
(C) Bacteria and fungi break down inert material in ways that do not involve oxidation.
(D) Many compounds remain inert, even in the presence of bacteria and fungi.
(E) Bacteria and fungi assist in the synthesis of many organic compounds.
答案：17-27：ACDEBCACECB
GRE閱讀長難句中譯英練習(xí)
26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".
27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".
28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.
29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
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26.[參考譯文]正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那樣："一個技術(shù)專家思考那些不能被簡化成能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、非語言表述的過程宋處理的……設(shè)計者和發(fā)明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。"
27.[參考譯文]羅伯特·法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到："一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當(dāng)中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達(dá)了--種新的思想。"
28.[參考譯文]在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他們的活動和戰(zhàn)術(shù)，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。
29.[參考譯文]在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬·杰伊·古爾德寫道："這本書本身就代表理性。"而它確實是這樣的--而且如果理性成為神造論/地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，一切就都好辦了。
30.[參考譯文] 經(jīng)過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當(dāng)局。
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