GRE閱讀高頻題型應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解
GRE閱讀高頻題型應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解 ,主旨題和細(xì)節(jié)題高效做法分析,我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE閱讀高頻題型應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解 主旨題和細(xì)節(jié)題高效做法分析
GRE閱讀如何準(zhǔn)確定位主題句?
和國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)生寫文章不一樣，美國(guó)人的閱讀文章中從來都不出現(xiàn)“I think that，in my opinion，as far as I am considered”此類語(yǔ)言做主題句。通常來說主題句有以下兩種形式：
1. 判斷句(含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞，正負(fù)褒貶詞的句子);
2. 概括文章將來結(jié)構(gòu)。
GRE閱讀主題句尋找技巧分享
以這句話為例：Your minds changed my attitude. 這句話中并沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞，因此這句話自然不是判斷句，也就不是主題句。但只要在這句話中加入一個(gè)正負(fù)褒貶詞，即一個(gè)詞表明作者的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的詞即是判斷句了。比如，Your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判斷句了。
另外，如果一個(gè)句子不是判斷句，只要它能夠概括文章將來結(jié)構(gòu)，及文章后面會(huì)從哪幾個(gè)方面來說明，也是主題句。比如，People are living longer now. 這句話一定不是主題句，而如果這句話是，People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technology.這句話即是主題句了。因?yàn)樗爬宋恼潞竺鏁?huì)從哪幾個(gè)方向來進(jìn)行說明。
應(yīng)對(duì)主旨題細(xì)節(jié)題需學(xué)會(huì)找準(zhǔn)主題句
如果考生在新GRE閱讀題中掌握好了主題句判斷方法，很多文章便可以很快把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)框架，幫助后面文章的理解。
比如一篇文章的開頭是，Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive， but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First， the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second， the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.
第一句是明顯的判斷句，即為主題句。而主題句也同時(shí)概括了文章的將來結(jié)構(gòu)，即會(huì)從“M真菌影響力很強(qiáng)”和“M真菌過去由于兩個(gè)原因沒有得到廣泛研究”。下面馬上看到了first和second，我們即知道這兩個(gè)很難讀懂的句子無非是兩個(gè)原因使得M真菌沒有得到廣泛研究而已，具體是哪兩個(gè)原因，我們幾乎可以忽略不讀。
綜上所述，在做GRE閱讀時(shí)，快速準(zhǔn)確發(fā)現(xiàn)主題句的方法和技巧是非常實(shí)用的，對(duì)于提升閱讀文章速度和解決許多耗時(shí)題型都有很大幫助，因此小編希望大家都能學(xué)會(huì)掌握和運(yùn)用這種技巧，提高解答閱讀題的效率，減輕嚴(yán)格考試時(shí)間帶來的應(yīng)試壓力。
GRE閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇
Although pathogenic organisms constantly alight on the skin, they find it a very unfavorable environment and, in the absence of injury, have great difficulty colonizing it. This “self-sterilizing” capacity of the skin results from the tendency of all well-developed ecosystems toward homeostasis, or the maintenance of the status quo.
Species that typically live in soil, water, and elsewhere rarely multiply on the skin. Undamaged skin is also unfavorable to most human pathogens. The skin is too acid and too arid for some species. The constant shedding of the surface skin layers further hinders the establishment of invaders. The most interesting defense mechanism, however, results from the metabolic activities of the resident flora (resident flora: 聚居植物群). Unsaturated fatty acids, an important component of the lipids in sebum collected from the skin surface, inhibit the growth of several bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens. These acids are a metabolic product of certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community, which break down the more complex lipids in freshly secreted sebum.
17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) offer an analysis of metabolic processes
(B) detail the ways in which bacteria and fungi can be inhibited
(C) describe mechanisms by which the skin protects itself against pathogens
(D) analyze the methods whereby biological systems maintain the status quo
(E) provide a specific example of the skin’s basic defenses against pathogens
18. The “resident flora” mentioned in line 16 refer to
(A) “Unsaturated fatty acids” (line 17)
(B) “sebum collected from the skin surface” (lines 18-19)
(C) “bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens” (lines 19-20)
(D) “certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community” (lines 21-22)
(E) “more complex lipids” (lines 23)
19. Among the natural defenses of the skin against pathogenic organisms are all of the following EXCEPT the
(A) dryness of the skin
(B) acidity of the skin
(C) tendency of the pathogens toward homeostasis
(D) shedding of surface layers of the skin
(E) metabolic breakdown of lipids
20. The author presents her material in which of the following ways?
(A) Stating a problem and then supplying a solution
(B) Presenting a phenomenon and then analyzing reason for it
(C) Providing information and then drawing a conclusion from it
(D) Making a general statement and then arguing by analogy
(E) Making an inference and then developing it by illustration
“Masterpieces are dumb,” wrote Flaubert, “They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature, like large animals and mountains.” He might have been thinking of War and Peace, that vast, silent work, unfathomable and simple, provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoi’s simplicity is “overpowering (overpowering: adj.無法抵抗的, 壓倒性的),” says the critic Bayley, “disconcerting,” because it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it.” Like other nineteenth-century Russian writers he is “impressive” because he “means what he says,” but he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist. He is the center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. Goethe, for example, says Bayley, “cared for nothing but himself. Tolstoi was nothing but himself.”
For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoi and his work are of a piece (of a piece: adj.一致的). The famous “conversion” of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life, not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous, buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. “Truth is my hero,” wrote Tolstoi in his youth, reporting the fighting in Sebastopol. Truth remained his hero—his own, not others’, truth. Others were awed by Napoleon, believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations, adhered to meaningless rituals, formed their tastes on established canons of art. Tolstoi reversed all preconceptions; and in every reversal he overthrew the “system,” the “machine,” the externally ordained belief, the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.
In his work the artificial and the genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition: the supposedly great Napoleon and the truly great, unregarded (unregarded: adj.不受注意的) little Captain Tushin, or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle and his later account of it. The simple is always pitted against (be pitted against: 被置于與…的對(duì)抗中) the elaborate, knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths. Tolstoi’s magical simplicity is a product of these tensions; his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of the answers he found in his search. The greatest characters of his fiction exemplify this search, and their happiness depends on the measure of their answers. Tolstoi wanted happiness, but only hard-won happiness, that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the prize of all-consuming effort. He scorned lesser satisfactions.
21. Which of the following best characterizes the author’s attitude toward Tolstoi?
(A) She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.
(B) She finds his theatricality artificial.
(C) She admires his wholehearted sincerity.
(D) She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.
(E) She respects his devotion to orthodoxy.
22. Which of the following best paraphrases Flaubert’s statement quoted in lines 1-4?
(A) Masterpiece seem ordinary and unremarkable from the perspective of a later age.
(B) Great works of art do not explain themselves to us any more than natural objects do.
(C) Important works of art take their place in the pageant of history because of their uniqueness.
(D) The most important aspects of good art are the orderliness and tranquility it reflects.
(E) Masterpieces which are of enduring value represent the forces of nature.
23. The author quotes from Bayley (line 8-20) to show that
(A) although Tolstoi observes and interprets life, he maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience
(B) the realism of Tolstoi’s work gives the illusion that his novels are reports of actual events
(C) unfortunately, Tolstoi is unaware of his own limitation, though he is sincere in his attempt to describe experience
(D) although Tolstoi works casually and makes unwarranted assumption, his work has an inexplicable appearance of truth
(E) Tolstoi’s personal perspective makes his work almost unintelligible to the majority of his readers
24. The author states that Tolstoi’s conversion represented
(A) a radical renunciation of the world
(B) the rejection of avant-garde ideas
(C) the natural outcome of his earlier beliefs
(D) the acceptance of religion he had earlier rejected
(E) a fundamental change in his writing style
25. According to the passage, Tolstoi’s response to the accepted intellectual and artistic values of his times was to
(A) select the most valid from among them
(B) combine opposing viewpoints into a new doctrine
(C) reject the claims of religion in order to serve his art
(D) subvert them in order to defend a new political viewpoint
(E) upset them in order to be faithful to his experience
26. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of War and Peace?
(A) It belongs to an early period of Tolstoi’s work.
(B) It incorporates a polemic against the disorderliness of Russian life.
(C) It has a simple structural outline.
(D) It is a work that reflects an ironic view of life.
(E) It conforms to the standard of aesthetic refinement favored by Tolstoi’s contemporaries.
27. According to the passage, the explanation of Tolstoi’s “magical simplicity” (line 55) lies partly in his
(A) remarkable power of observation and his facility in exact description
(B) persistent disregard for conventional restraints together with his great energy
(C) unusual ability to reduce the description of complex situations to a few words
(D) abiding hatred of religious doctrine and preference for new scientism
(E) continuing attempt to represent the natural in opposition to the pretentious
答案：17-27：CDCBCBACEAE
GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句中譯英練習(xí)
61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".
64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
61.[參考譯文]但是，對(duì)一個(gè)小部分學(xué)生來說，職業(yè)教育也是條可取的路徑。因?yàn)樵谄渌蛩叵嗤那闆r下，技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關(guān)鍵。
62.[參考譯文]他宣布自己反對(duì)使用這種非同尋常的畜牧繁殖技術(shù)來克隆人類，并下令.不準(zhǔn)聯(lián)邦政府基金用于做此類試驗(yàn)--盡管還沒有人建議這么做--他還請(qǐng)一個(gè)以普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈羅得·夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立的專家組在90天內(nèi)向白宮匯報(bào)關(guān)于制定有關(guān)克隆人的國(guó)家政策的建議。
63.參考譯文]在5月17日的會(huì)議上所討論的這份建議書的序言草案中，夏皮羅提出，專家組已經(jīng)達(dá)成廣泛共識(shí)，那就是"試圖通過成人細(xì)胞核克隆來制造人類幼兒的做法在道德上是不可接受的"。
64.[參考譯文]因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)今的聯(lián)邦法律已經(jīng)禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金克隆胚胎(人類后裔在出生前的最早階段)用于研究或者有意地威脅胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上將保持沉默。
65.[參考譯文]如果試驗(yàn)是像科學(xué)雜志上的報(bào)告所示的那樣如實(shí)地根據(jù)計(jì)劃規(guī)劃和實(shí)施的話，那么對(duì)管理層來說，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。
GRE閱讀高頻題型應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解 相關(guān)文章：
GRE閱讀高頻題型應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解
