GRE閱讀常見問題選項錯誤點分析
GRE閱讀常見問題選項錯誤點分析 ,提升判斷力秒選正確項，我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE閱讀常見問題選項錯誤點分析 提升判斷力秒選正確項
GRE閱讀常見問題選項錯誤情況分析
GRE閱讀中存在的誤導選項主要有以下幾類：
1. 偏題選項
這類選項比較隱蔽，其表現形式往往是內容本身是正確的，但說偏了沒抓住重點，不是文章的主線。考生很容易跟正確選項混淆而選擇它。不同于未提及項，這類選項在文中是有所涉及的，因此也更具有欺騙性，考生需要先明確題目所問問題才能避免被偏題項干擾思路。
2. 反義選項
有些題目本身比較長，加上一些否定和雙重否定等，考生就容易理解錯誤，而特別設置的部分反義項，就往往會等著考生自己被繞暈了以后自投羅網。這些選項的特點是和其它選項的意思完全相反，乍看之下非常顯眼，但實際上卻并非正確答案。小編建議大家仔細讀題，把反義否定等關系搞清楚再解答。
3. 錯位選項
還有些錯誤選項，主題和修飾錯位，或者把不相關的內容拼湊在一起，看似哪邊都沾一點關系，其實本身卻是錯位選項，也很容易影響考生的判斷。這種選項同樣具有很強的干擾性，可能選項中部分選取了文章內容，但之后引導出的結論卻和文章完全沒有關系，也是考驗大家對于文章細節(jié)記憶能力的干擾項，最好的應對方法是閱讀過程中多做標記定位，解題時適當參考就可以避免錯位混淆。
4. 極端選項
極端項其實是比較明顯的錯誤干擾選項，常會使用一些代表主觀判斷的最高級詞匯比如best/most/least，唯一性詞匯比如only、alone或者比較級詞匯比如better、worse等。這些選項表現出一種極端的不容否定的態(tài)度。看似很有道理其實卻并正確。這類選項由于標志明顯，所以熟悉套路以后反而很容易發(fā)現，考生也會主動去注意那些極端詞匯，稍加留意就不會中招了。
5. 未提選項
這種錯誤選項陷阱也比較常見，故意給出一些看似很有聯(lián)系的新信息點，說得頭頭是道，考生如果因為文章篇幅較長沒有閱讀全文，就會以為自己沒看仔細，其實這些所謂的信息都是一些根本沒有出現在文章中完全和題目無關的未提及選項。這類選項同樣很好辨認，看似涉及到了細節(jié)，但實際上并沒有在文章中提到，大家面對閱讀要學會根據文章所提內容進行選擇，千萬不要自己想當然，只要能做到這點，那么這種類型的干擾錯誤選項就無用武之地了。
6. 主觀選項
這種錯誤選項的制定思路是根據一些常識性的推斷，引導考生做出的判斷，其本身帶有很強的主觀性，而并不是客觀的事實，如果考生不加注意就很容易被帶歪思路。類似上文的未提項，這類主觀項同樣是建立在看似迎合實則錯誤引導考生思路的做法上的。大家在閱讀過程中應學會以文章內容為主，不要想當然地去結合自己的經歷經驗進行聯(lián)想。腳踏實地才能做好這類題目。
明確認識GRE閱讀錯誤選項危害性有助提分
之所以要特別列出閱讀中的錯誤選項，是因為這種選項對于考生閱讀部分的正確率殺傷率極高。比起其它一目了然的數學或者填空題，GRE閱讀要解題首先就要讀文章，很多考生讀完文章，特別是長篇文章后，本身思路已經有些混亂，再被這些干擾選項禍害一下，很容易就會出現連續(xù)錯誤。而許多考生對于GRE閱讀存在的畏懼情緒和心理陰影，其實也往往是由錯誤選項導致的。
總而言之，GRE閱讀中的難點不少，而其中來自選項的干擾無疑是最需要考生引起警惕的問題。小編希望通過上文盤點介紹，各位考生能夠認清這些誤導選項，在考試中更準確地發(fā)現并排除它們，進而提升解題速度和正確率。
新GRE閱讀長難句中譯英練習
41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
41.[參考譯文]很不幸，這最令人震驚的解釋有一點缺陷。一些經濟學家認為世界經濟結構的強有力的變化已經結束了那個以經濟增長和通貨膨脹的歷史關聯(lián)為基礎的舊的經濟模式。
42.[參考譯文]例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--這些換宋的就是這么個疾病滋生的水庫，現在這個水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。
43.[參考譯文]企業(yè)重組的新方法--所有那些重新設計、縮小規(guī)模的做法--只是對一個經濟的整體生產力做出了一方面的貢獻。這種經濟還受許多其他因素的驅動，比如結合設備和機械上的投資、新技術，以及在教育和培訓上的投資。
44.[參考譯文]他的同事邁克爾·比爾說，有太多的公司已經用一種機械的方式實行公司內部的重新設計，在沒有充分考慮長期贏利的能力下削減了成本。
45.[參考譯文]科學衛(wèi)士們在會議上也表述了他們的關注，比如1995年在紐約市舉行的 “逃離科學與理性"會議，以及去年6 月在布法羅附近召開的"(錯誤)信息時代的科學”會議。
GRE閱讀練習每日一篇
A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race. He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of (to get rid of “how to dispose of toxic waste”) both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by workers.
17. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?
(A) What accounts for the prejudice against the Jews in medieval Europe?
(B) What conditions caused the discrimination against Oriental people in California in the early twentieth century?
(C) Which groups are not in ethnic competition with each other in the United States?
(D) What explanation did the Marxist sociologist give for the existence of racial prejudice?
(E) What evidence did the Marxist sociologist provide to support his thesis?
18. The author considers the Marxist sociologist’s thesis about the origins of racial prejudice to be
(A) unoriginal
(B) unpersuasive
(C) offensive
(D) obscure
(E) speculative
19. It can be inferred from the passage that the Marxist sociologist would argue that in a noncapitalist society racial prejudice would be
(A) pervasive
(B) tolerated
(C) ignored
(D) forbidden
(E) nonexistent
20. According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist’s chain of reasoning required him to assert that prejudice toward Oriental people in California was
(A) directed primarily against the Chinese
(B) similar in origin to prejudice against the Jews
(C) understood by Oriental people as ethnic competition
(D) provoked by workers
(E) nonracial in character
By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.
Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation, such as pain, taste, and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy. However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve (sensory nerve: 感覺神經) impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality (modality: n.形式, 形態(tài), 特征) for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.
However, cortical locus, in itself, turned out to have little explanatory value. Studies showed that sensations as diverse as those of red, black, green, and white, or touch, cold, warmth, movement, pain, posture, and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the same cortical areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brain excitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, brain theory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relatively homogeneous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the multiple dimensions of mental experience psychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerve impulses.
21. The author suggests that, by 1950, attempts to correlate mental experience with brain processes would probably have been viewed with
(A) indignation
(B) impatience
(C) pessimism
(D) indifference
(E) defiance
22. The author mentions “common currency” in line 26 primarily in order to emphasize the
(A) lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings
(B) similarity of the sensations that all human beings experience
(C) similarities in the views of scientists who have studied the human nervous system
(D) continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system
(E) recurrent questioning by scientists of an accepted explanation about the nervous system
23. The description in lines 32-38 of an experiment in which electric stimuli were applied to different sensory fields of the cerebral cortex tends to support the theory that
(A) the simple presence of different cortical areas cannot account for the diversity of mental experience
(B) variation in spatiotemporal patterning of nerve impulses correlates with variation in subjective experience
(C) nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous and are relatively unaffected as they travel through the nervous system
(D) the mental experiences produced by sensory nerve impulses are determined by the cortical area activated
(E) variation in neuron types affects the quality of nerve impulses
24. According to the passage, some evidence exists that the area of the cortex activated by a sensory stimulus determines which of the following?
I. The nature of the nerve impulse
II. The modality of the sensory experience
III. Qualitative differences within a modality
(A) II only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II and III
25. The passage can most accurately be described as a discussion concerning historical views of the
(A) anatomy of the brain
(B) manner in which nerve impulses are conducted
(C) significance of different cortical areas in mental experience
(D) mechanics of sense perception
(E) physiological correlates of mental experience
26. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s opinion of the suggestion that different areas of the brain determine perceptions produced by sensory nerve impulses?
(A) It is a plausible explanation, but it has not been completely proved.
(B) It is the best explanation of brain processes currently available.
(C) It is disproved by the fact that the various areas of the brain are physiologically very similar.
(D) There is some evidence to support it, but it fails to explain the diversity of mental experience.
(E) There is experimental evidence that confirms its correctness.
27. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitative variation?
(A) Nerve cells
(B) Nerve impulses
(C) Cortical areas
(D) Spatial patterns of nerve impulses
(E) Temporal patterns of nerve impulses
答案：17-27：DBEECADAEDB
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