GRE閱讀難點長難句題型實例分析

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GRE閱讀難點長難句題型實例分析 ,雙重否定和長修飾現(xiàn)象難點講解,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀難點長難句題型實例分析 ,雙重否定和長修飾現(xiàn)象難點講解

1. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved,the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely,that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system.

盡管在神經(jīng)能量上存在著質的不同,這一點從來都沒有在嚴格的意義上被反對過,但是以上教條通常被拋棄掉,而轉向相反的觀點,即:神經(jīng)沖動從根本上本質相同,而且被當作“一種普通流”在整個神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中傳播。

難句類型:復雜修飾、雙重否定

解釋:前半個分句中有一個雙重否定,was never rigidly disproved,這種表示法用中文說出來還是比較好懂的,原因是我們熟悉中文的這種表示法,但在英文中出現(xiàn),因為在以前的學習中見得少,所以感覺上很別扭。因此,同學們的任務,就是通過反復閱讀此類句子來熟悉這樣的英語。其實在英文表達中,很多雙重否定與中文表達是一樣的,表示肯定;如not unlimited就等于limited。但是值得讀者注意的是在GRE和GMAT這兩種對考生的邏輯有苛刻要求的考試中,如果這種雙重否定中所涉及的概念不是dichotomous(即二分法的詞匯,比如上面例子中的limited和unlimited),則雙重否定不一定表示肯定;比如本例中的not disprove, 不能理解為agree, 不反對者中,的確有人會同意,但通常心存疑慮,隨大流者居多。不但如此,大雙重否定中加上限定詞以后,在否定的范圍上也有所變化,如本句的be never rigidly disproved,沒有完全被反對,不能理解為從來都被嚴格支持的,而應該理解成從來都可能有人支持的。綜上所述,對雙重否定的句子,簡單的把其置換為肯定,不是最精確的理解。而最好的辦法,就是通過多讀、多練來熟悉其語言表達及其邏輯方式,按照其字面的表達理解成沒有完全否定,然后大腦中反應出其目前的生存狀態(tài)是一個仍未消失的狀態(tài);這種理解才是在考試現(xiàn)場既快速又精確的理解。

運用前面所說的用合理化原則中的取非讀法,可以很容易的讀出作者在后半個分句中想說前面的那種觀點被反對了。但是,初學者會對這個分句中的 something be abandoned in favor of something else這種語言表達感到突然,如果理解成因為喜后者而拋棄了前者,雖然也能說得通,但是其實原文從來沒有這種因果關系,in favor of強調的是這兩種動作的同時性;拋棄了前者,而轉向后者,namely之后的內容是前面的opposing view的同位語。

意群訓練:Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generallyabandoned in favor of the oppsing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throught the nervous system.

2. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size,number,arrangement,and interconnection of the nerve cells,but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned,the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

盡管其他實驗顯示在神經(jīng)細胞的大小、數(shù)量、排列和相互連接上有一些小的差異,但是就心理-神經(jīng)的關系而言,這些感官區(qū)域彼此之間的明顯的相似性看起來比起微小的差異更為令人注目。

難句類型:復雜修飾、插入語

解釋:在前后兩個分句之間有一個插入語as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned。在后面的分句中,主語the obvious similarities之后的、修飾主語的成分較長、以至于有很多讀者看到相隔很遠的more remarkable than時一下子反應不過來是什么比后者更明顯。其簡化形式應為:similarities seemed more remarkable than differences.

意群訓練:Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fileds to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

新GRE閱讀考試長難句實例解析

As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered (by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. (4)

當巖石界面被穿過的時候,震波所遇到的彈性性質通常會發(fā)生突然的變化,這就使得一部分能量被反射回地面,在地面反射回來的波被震波紀錄儀記錄下來。

難句類型:復雜修飾、省略、過去分詞與謂語易混

解釋:絕大多數(shù)人讀到the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly這一句的時候,第一反應都是把encountered看成了謂語動詞,再看到change abruptly的時候又搞不苾怎么會跑出來兩個動詞,反復看上n遍才看清楚這句話的結構。本句難就難在主語the elastic characteristics后面的表示袪的過去分詞encountered的動作發(fā)出者在句子中根本就沒有出現(xiàn)過,相當于原文在encountered后面省略了一個by seismic waves,倡讀者卻沒有心理準備,同時也不熟悉這種分詞修飾的方式,因此也難以讀懂。

意群訓練:As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered (by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.

新GRE閱讀考試長難句實例解析

Not only are liver transplants never rejected,but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs,such as skin,from that donor are accepted permanently. (4)

但是,我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),在許多種老鼠之間,這些移植法的“常規(guī)”并沒有被肝臟移植物所遵循。肝臟移植物非但從沒遭到過排斥,甚至還誘發(fā)了一種供者特異性無應答狀態(tài)(donor-specific unresponsiveness),在此狀態(tài)中,隨后來自那個供者其它器官的移植物,如皮膚,會永久地被接受。

難句類型:復雜修飾、插入語、倒裝

解釋:Not only放在句首時謂語被提前,這種倒裝對我們的讀者來講不算什么新鮮事。干擾度比較大的是在修飾unresponsiveness的定語從句in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently中,插入語such as skin和前面的transplants搭配的from that donor共同作用,反復地打斷讀者的思路,使得從句中主語和謂語不能連貫。

意群訓練:Not only are liver transplants never rejected,but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs,such as skin,from that donor are accepted permanently.

新GRE閱讀考試長難句實例解析

An impact (on the Mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth. (5)

一個能夠把活性表面的碎片射入地球交叉軌道的碰撞發(fā)生的可能性甚至小于這種事件在月亮上發(fā)生的可能性,考慮到月亮更小的尺寸及其與地球接近的程度。

難句類型:復雜修飾、省略、易淆指代

解釋:in view of的意思是考慮到、由于,等于because of,本句粗看上去十分簡單,可是你看完之后會發(fā)現(xiàn)本句十分難懂。這句話的意思很容易被理解成:如果考慮到月亮的尺寸和與地球的距離的話,火星碎片被撞擊所發(fā)射到地球的幾率,要小于發(fā)射到月亮上的幾率,有點常識的人就會知道這是不可能的:月亮比地球小得多,而且與火星的距離也與地球類似,碎片射到月亮上的幾率怎么會反而高呢?這里的關鍵在于such an event在文章中指什么,如果是指把火星碎片射到月亮上,那么本句的意思當然是荒謬的;可是如果是指把月亮的碎片發(fā)射到地球上,那么本句的意思就對了,實際上句首的An impact之后被省略了一個on mars,所以原文的such an event on moon,指的是An impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit.因此如果把原文補全,則句子就變成了下面的樣子:An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the martian surface into an Earth-ibntersecting orbit is even less probable than an impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximiy to Earth.

意群訓練:An impact (on the Mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.

盡管新gre單詞量減少,取消了“類反”但是難度并沒有減少,這更要求考生在新gre閱讀考試中增強邏輯推理能力。雖然邏輯推理能力的考察對我們國內考生來說有點難度,只要保持好心態(tài)就能更好地去理解長難句在gre閱讀考試句子類型型。

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