巴黎圣母院塔尖將按原樣重建
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巴黎圣母院塔尖將按原樣重建
Notre Dame: Cathedral's spire will be restored to 19th Century design
巴黎圣母院塔尖將按原樣重建
法國總統(tǒng)馬克龍7月9日同意了專家委員會的建議，將盡量按照原樣重建巴黎圣母院塔尖。馬克龍此前曾表示支持給巴黎圣母院增添一些現(xiàn)代元素。不過根據(jù)最近的民意測驗，大多數(shù)法國人希望巴黎圣母院能按原樣重建。馬克龍希望巴黎圣母院能在2024年之前恢復(fù)往昔的輝煌，特別是能夠趕上2024年巴黎奧運會。 File photo taken on June 9, 2020 shows the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral under repair after it was badly damaged by a huge fire on April 15, 2019. [Photo/Xinhua]The spire of Notre Dame cathedral, which was destroyed in a fire last April, will be restored according to the original Gothic design.
去年四月在一場大火中被燒毀的巴黎圣母院的塔尖將按照原來的哥特式設(shè)計重建。
spire[?spa??(r)]：n.尖頂;尖塔
French President Emmanuel Macron announced the decision, putting an end to speculation that the spire would be rebuilt in a modern style.
法國總統(tǒng)埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍宣布了這一決定，從而結(jié)束了以現(xiàn)代風格重建塔尖的猜測。
Mr Macron had previously hinted he was in favour of a "contemporary gesture".
馬克龍此前曾暗示，他支持“現(xiàn)代風格”。
However he has said he wants the restoration to be completed by 2024, when Paris is hosting the Olympics.
然而他表示，希望重建工作能在2024年完成，屆時巴黎將舉辦奧運會。
This combination photo shows the landmark steeple of Notre Dame Cathedral before (left) and after the devastating fire. Agence France-Presse
The Elysée said Mr Macron's main concern was "not delaying the reconstruction and making it complicated - things had to be cleared up quickly".
愛麗舍宮表示，馬克龍的主要擔憂是“不要拖延重建和使其復(fù)雜化——必須盡快解決”。
It added that the process of designing a modern spire, with an international competition for architects, could have caused unnecessary delays.
愛麗舍宮補充說，設(shè)計現(xiàn)代尖塔的過程，加上全球建筑師競標，可能會造成不必要的延誤。
"The president trusts the experts and approved the main outlines of the project presented by the chief architect which plans to reconstruct the spire identically," the Elysée said.
愛麗舍宮表示：“總統(tǒng)信任專家，并批準了首席建筑師提出的重建項目概要，計劃按原樣對塔尖進行重建?！?/p>
The announcement followed a meeting of France's national heritage and architecture commission (CNPA).
該聲明是在法國國家遺產(chǎn)和建筑委員會召開會議后宣布的。
When the 13th century roof of the Paris cathedral caught fire during restoration works in April 2019 it sparked a vast outpouring of emotion, as well as donations from across the world.
2019年4月，巴黎圣母院建于13世紀的屋頂在修復(fù)工作中起火，引發(fā)了眾人的悲傷之情，世界各地的人們也為此進行了捐贈。
Within two days about €900m had been raised for the cathedral's restoration.
兩天之內(nèi)，巴黎圣母院的修復(fù)工作就籌集到大約9億歐元(約合人民幣71億元)。
The cathedral's first spire was built in the 13th Century, but due to extensive damage it was removed in the late 18th Century. Its replacement, designed by architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, was built in the mid-19th Century.
巴黎圣母院的第一個塔尖建于13世紀，但由于嚴重損壞，在18世紀末被拆除。新的塔尖由建筑師尤金·維奧萊特-勒-德克設(shè)計，建于19世紀中期。
A man wearing a face mask listens to the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral's great bell ringing, as a mark of the building's resilience one year after a devastating fire, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, France, April 15, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]Since last year's fire, discussion over how to restore the spire has been tense.
自去年火災(zāi)以來，關(guān)于如何重建塔尖的討論一直很激烈。
Jean-Louis Georgelin, the army general put in charge of the reconstruction effort, wanted a modern alternative. This idea appeared briefly to have President Macron's backing, when he said he would be in favour of a "contemporary gesture".
負責重建工作的陸軍將軍讓-路易?喬治林想按照現(xiàn)代風格重建塔尖。這個想法似乎曾得到馬克龍總統(tǒng)的支持，馬克龍說他將支持“現(xiàn)代風格”。
This sparked a wave of unconventional proposals from architects around the world - including one design with a rooftop pool, and another with a giant park and greenhouse on the roof.
于是全球建筑師紛紛提出非傳統(tǒng)方案——包括屋頂有游泳池的設(shè)計，另外一個設(shè)計中，屋頂上有一個巨大的公園和溫室。
But the cathedral's chief architect Philippe Villeneuve spoke out strongly in favour of a faithful restoration to the previous, 19th Century design.
但巴黎圣母院的首席建筑師菲利普·維倫紐夫表示強烈支持按照19世紀的原樣設(shè)計重建。
In one particularly heated exchange last November, Gen Georgelin told Mr Villeneuve to "shut his mouth" - causing audible gasps in a meeting of the National Assembly's cultural affairs committee.
在去年11月一次特別激烈的討論中，喬治林將軍告訴維倫納夫“閉上嘴”——這在國民議會文化事務(wù)委員會的一次會議上引起了爭論。
【小知識】
巴黎圣母院是哥特式建筑，位于巴黎市中心塞納河畔，始建于1163年，于1345年完工，是法國最具代表性的古跡之一。2019年4月15日，圣母院的屋頂和塔尖在大火中被燒毀。巴黎圣母院正式修復(fù)工程預(yù)計從2021年開始。
在外地吃到家鄉(xiāng)美食，容易種草還是踩雷?
每一個答案背后可能都是一張錯付的嘴，一個被辜負的胃。
知乎網(wǎng)友“一只福餅”是蘭州人。
在南京上學(xué)的時候，校門口開了一家蘭州拉面，服務(wù)員小哥在門口喊：正宗蘭州拉面，正宗哦～
我：真的嗎?
服務(wù)員小哥：當然正宗!美女你哪里人?進來嘗嘗嘛～
我：蘭州的。
服務(wù)員小哥：。。。。。。那算了。
那算了……算了……
但蘭州人向來是不承認有拉面的，只有蘭州牛肉面，講究“一清、二白、三紅、四綠、五黃”，即湯清、蘿卜片白、辣椒油紅、香菜和蒜苗綠，以及面條黃亮。
Lanzhou beef noodles.[Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
Lanzhou beef noodles
蘭州牛肉面
Lanzhou beef noodles originated from Lanzhou, Gansu province in China. This dish was first created by the Hui people and its recipe has been passed on for generations. Today in Lanzhou alone there are more than 1,000 beef noodle restaurants, an affirmation to the popularity of the dish.
蘭州牛肉面起源于中國甘肅省蘭州市。 這道菜最初是由回族人發(fā)明的，其配方已由一代代人傳承至今。 如今僅在蘭州就已有1000多家牛肉面館，這也反映了蘭州牛肉面的受歡迎程度。
許多年前長沙人在外地可能會被問去沒去過湖南衛(wèi)視看節(jié)目現(xiàn)場，現(xiàn)在他們可能會被問“街上的長沙臭豆腐是不是正宗的?”
武漢的各大街頭”長沙臭豆腐，長沙臭豆腐，10元一份，我們的臭豆腐特地從長沙空運而來......"
空運而來!!!
——李玉陽
File photo: Stinky tofu is seen fried at a restaurant in New Taipei city, July 25, 2013. [Photo/Agencies]stinky tofu
臭豆腐
Stinky tofu is a Chinese form of fermented tofu that has a strong odor. It is usually sold at night markets or roadside stands as a snack, or in lunch bars as a side dish, rather than in restaurants.
臭豆腐是中國發(fā)酵豆腐的一種，具有強烈的氣味。 它通常在夜市或路邊攤上作為小吃出售，或者在快餐店賣當小菜賣，一般餐館里沒有。
Stinky tofu is a symbol of Changsha street snack, and it is also called "chòu gānz?" by local people. Changsha stinky tofu is famous for its spicy flavor. Different from Sichuan stinky tofu, Changsha-style has black crackling.
臭豆腐是長沙街頭小吃的象征，當?shù)厝艘卜Q其為“臭干子”。 長沙臭豆腐以其辛辣的風味而聞名， 與四川臭豆腐不同，長沙臭豆腐有黑色脆皮。
廣東人在四川吃茶餐廳也是要冒一番風險的，畢竟吃辣能力不在一個水平線。網(wǎng)友Koromo在四川參加婚禮期間實在被辣慘了，好不容易找到一家茶餐廳，卻…...
第三天我忍無可忍，說我要自己去吃東西。
沿街全都是“免費提供辣椒面”或者“辣X.X.X”或者干脆就是火紅的招牌底色。
游蕩的時候在萬辣中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家【粵式茶餐廳】
我好興奮啊!!!!!!!!!!!
茶餐廳!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
救星!!!!!!!
恩人!!!!!!!!!!!
我愛你一輩子!!!!!!!!
點了個咖喱豬扒飯,還有奶茶。終于能吃頓好了。。懷著感恩的心挖了一大勺塞進嘴里。
...…辣個咖喱飯，也比平時吃的咖喱要辣!!!真的好辣!!!
我虛弱的問服務(wù)員兒：這個怎么咖喱辣么辣。。
她說：噢類個原來組滴不夠辣都莫得人次，現(xiàn)在弄得好一dier咯!
Golden crab at Tin Lung Heen restaurant in Hong Kong. [Photo provided to China Daily]Cha chaan teng / Hong Kong-style cafés
茶餐廳
Cha chaan teng, often called Hong Kong-style cafés in English, is a type of restaurant originated in Hong Kong. Cha chaan teng locations are commonly found in Hong Kong, Macao, and parts of Guangdong.
茶餐廳是一種起源于香港的餐廳，通常也被稱為港式餐館。 在香港、澳門和廣東的部分地區(qū)，都可以找到茶餐廳。
Due to the waves of mass migrations from Hong Kong in the 1980s, they were established in major Chinese communities in Western countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
由于1980年代香港的大規(guī)模移民浪潮，澳大利亞、加拿大、英國和美國等西方國家的主要華人社區(qū)中也出現(xiàn)了許多茶餐廳。
網(wǎng)友李澤昊是內(nèi)蒙人，在美國留學(xué)時看到一道菜叫“Mongolian Beef”(蒙古牛肉)，以為可以吃到家鄉(xiāng)牛肉了。點上來一看直接傻眼。
要知道，我這么久在美國吃的實在是太水了，除了漢堡薯條就是taco，看到這道菜簡直就是久旱逢甘霖，他鄉(xiāng)遇故知啊!!!
趕緊點了一份來嘗嘗，甚至都已經(jīng)準備流兩滴感動的淚水什么的。
逗我呢??
叫來服務(wù)員問這道菜為什么叫"Mongolian beef"?
服務(wù)員說：我也不知道，就隨便這么叫的。
不是，你這有點太隨便了吧+_+
除了上面提到的這些，其他特色食物也沒有逃過“異地必雷”這個定律。
南京人在武漢吃金陵鴨血粉絲、天津人在美國吃煎餅果子、太原人在外地吃沒醋味兒的過油肉……基本上你在地圖上做連線題，每根線都能生產(chǎn)一個故事。
城市化進程和交通的便利讓各地特色小吃都有了在異鄉(xiāng)扎根的機會。但制作條件的限制、食材特殊的要求、家鄉(xiāng)師傅的手藝、本地化的壓力，任何一個因素都有可能讓人在那2296個答案后面再加上一條。
在異地尋味故土，是比找對象還難的事情。但哪怕明知面前可能是雷，卻還是愿意掏錢。為什么呢?
有外媒總結(jié)了兩點原因：
- 1 - Food preferences are deep and ingrained
食物喜好是根深蒂固的
Many flavors and spices are acquired tastes. If you are exposed to them as a child, you develop a preference for them over time. This doesn’t just apply to extremely specific tastes like, for example, Vegemite. It happens with spices as basic as salt or sugar.
很多味道都是習(xí)得的。如果你小時候就接觸到了某些味道，那么慢慢你就會對這些味道產(chǎn)生偏好。也不是說只有強烈的特定味道(比方說維吉米特黑醬)才能產(chǎn)生偏好。像是基本的鹽味和甜味也能有偏好記憶。
- 2 - Food forms part of your identity
食物形成了你的身份認同
The desire for food from home goes deeper than just craving certain tastes. Food is an important piece by which we define culture, and therefore a piece of how we see ourselves as people. Think about how many holidays are tied to special meals, or how many family traditions are focused on foods or recipes.
對家鄉(xiāng)食物的渴求往往并不僅僅停留在想吃某種特定的食物。食物的重要性在于，我們用它來定義文化，同樣我們也借食物來觀照自身。想想看，有多少節(jié)假日是和特定食物綁定在一起的，再者，有多少家庭傳統(tǒng)是以食物或食譜為中心的。
大西洋月刊的文章認為，懷舊之情讓人無法割舍故鄉(xiāng)食物。
Nostalgia—a force that is as commonplace as it is amorphous and deeply personal—shapes people’s connections to the food they grew up eating.
懷舊思鄉(xiāng)——這股力量十分普遍、毫無定形、又十分個人化——它塑造了人與從小吃的食物之間的關(guān)系。
People return to, and extol the virtues of, their hometown favorites partly because they’re stuck in a dance between their past and present selves, and because they subconsciously want to reaffirm the conclusions they came to as children. Childhood is really an important time in forming your own identity.
人們之所以回到家鄉(xiāng)，贊揚家鄉(xiāng)美食的好，是因為他們陷在了過去自我與現(xiàn)在自我之間，人們下意識地會想重新確認那些少時就做出過的判斷。童年的重要在于它塑造了你個人的身份認同。
難怪有人說：不在異鄉(xiāng)嘗試故鄉(xiāng)擅長的味道是對雙方最大的敬意。
那些本地化了的“家鄉(xiāng)菜”經(jīng)不起你的非難，那個家鄉(xiāng)的館子也不忍你在外胡亂解饞。
想家了啊?回去吃吧。
Notes
affirmation [?f?r?me??n] n證實;確認;確證
crackling [?kr?kl??] n脆皮
crave [kre?v] v渴望;熱望
commonplace [?k?m?nple?s] adj平凡的;普通的;普遍的
amorphous [??m??rf?s] adj無固定形狀的;不規(guī)則的;無組織的
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