雅思閱讀背景知識
為了讓大家更好的備考雅思閱讀，小編給大家搜集了雅思閱讀背景知識，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
雅思閱讀背景知識之鰹鳥
鰹鳥又叫結(jié)巴鳥，是一種大型的熱帶海鳥，鰹鳥遍布于世界各個海域。它是少數(shù)日益增多的鳥類之一，從20世紀(jì)以來，很可能已經(jīng)增加一倍以上。顯而易見的原因，在于人類減少捕殺這種海鳥;直到十九世紀(jì)末，鰹鳥曾經(jīng)是人類的重要食物來源之一。
由于鰹鳥居住的地方非常擁擠，要在這么紛亂的鰹鳥群棲區(qū)維持秩序，避免成雙成對的鰹鳥發(fā)生糾紛，防止失散，于是導(dǎo)致極其復(fù)雜的炫耀行為。典型的求偶方式是：雄鳥與雌鳥面對面雙翼展開，然后不停地?fù)u頭，用喙互相對擦，而且和許多其它種類的鳥一樣，喜歡遵循儀式，彼此用喙理毛。最后，在“雙宿雙飛”之前，兩只鳥一起昂首，喙指向天空，發(fā)出打鼾的聲音。
藍(lán)足鰹鳥的分布區(qū)由熱帶美洲伸延到加拉巴哥群島。從外表看來，褐色羽毛使它酷似其它種類未成長的鰹鳥，不過由它兩只鮮明的藍(lán)足很容易加以辨認(rèn)。藍(lán)足鰹鳥雖然與其它鰹鳥一樣都在地上棲居，但也有一部分在樹上營巢。寒冷地帶的雌鳥必須為幼鳥保暖;同樣地，熱帶地區(qū)的雌鳥就得為幼鳥遮蔭，避免日曬。
鰹鳥中有一個種類的鰹鳥長著一雙藍(lán)色的腳蹼，這種藍(lán)腳鰹鳥分布在從美國南加利福尼亞到秘魯北面的太平洋地區(qū)。
藍(lán)腳鰹鳥不僅腳的顏色奇特，它的孵卵方式更有趣。他們不是像其他鳥兒那樣用身體來孵卵，而是用它們那對漂亮的大大的腳蹼護(hù)住卵，保持溫度，直到孵化出幼雛。
藍(lán)腳鰹鳥捕魚的本領(lǐng)非常高。它們在水面30米高的地方飛行，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)愛吃的魚，就收攏雙翅，頭朝下，像一顆流星濺入湛藍(lán)的大海。入水時產(chǎn)生的巨大聲響，能把水面以下1.5米處左右游動的魚震暈，這時鰹鳥以迅雷不及掩耳之勢鉆入水里，用雙翅和帶有蹼的腳撥水，在水中快速游動覓食。鰹鳥一咬住魚，便在水下把魚吞入腹中，然后浮出水面。為了抗擊強(qiáng)大的沖擊力，藍(lán)腳鰹鳥的頭變得非常堅(jiān)硬。
鰹鳥不怕人，所以很容易被人抓住，還因此得了一個不好聽的名字——笨鳥。
雅思閱讀背景知識之英語名著簡介
Literary enthusiasts yesterday published a list of 100 books， at least one of which will be found on every bookcase in Britain.
昨天，英國文學(xué)愛好者公布了一個100部必讀書籍清單，幾乎囊括了所有英國最為家喻戶曉的書籍。
The catalogue of classics includes a diverse mix of literary genres including everything from Harry Potter to Jane Eyre to the saucy novel Fifty Shades of Grey.
涉及的經(jīng)典各種體裁不等，包括系列小說《哈利·波特》、經(jīng)典名著《簡愛》等。
Other titles featured include Pride and Prejudice， Wuthering Heights and The Man Who Thought Different， the late Steve Jobs’ biography.
另外還有《傲慢與偏見》《呼嘯山莊》，以及新近出版的喬布斯傳記《史蒂夫·喬布斯：那個非同凡“想”的人》。
弗蘭克·斯金納大衛(wèi)·威廉姆斯
Autobiographies from the likes of Frank Skinner， David Walliams， Miranda Hart and even Katie Price also feature on Britain’s bookshelves.
英國人的書架上常見的自傳書籍主要是來自喜劇演員弗蘭克·斯金納大衛(wèi)·威廉姆斯、米蘭達(dá)·哈特，甚至還有模特“波霸喬丹” 凱蒂·普萊斯。
The research was commissioned by Bookmarkyourlibrary.org.uk which trawled literary forums and websites to compile a list of books for people to select their favourites from.
此項(xiàng)調(diào)查由Bookmarkyourlibrary.org.uk網(wǎng)站組織舉行，在各大文學(xué)論壇與網(wǎng)站上展開，整理羅列了大家的最愛書籍清單。
The book most people are likely to have gathering dust on the shelf is Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire by JK Rowling， followed by The Hobbit.
人們最喜歡買回家放到書架上塵封的藏書是JK·羅琳的《哈利波特與火焰杯》，其次是《霍比特人》。
Elisabeth Robinson， spokesperson for Bookmarkyourlibrary.org.uk said： ‘’Bearing in mind the first Harry Potter book was released just 15 years ago， it’s incredible that two of them are in the top ten books that appear on Briton’s bookshelves and it’s an incredible feat to beat classics like Great Expectations and Pride and Prejudice.”
該網(wǎng)站的發(fā)言人伊麗莎白·羅賓森說：“記得第一部《哈利·波特》系列上市還是15年前的事了，真不敢相信該系列有兩部到現(xiàn)在還排在英國藏書的前十名，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了《遠(yuǎn)大前程》和《傲慢與偏見》等經(jīng)典名著。”
The survey also revealed that more than one in ten said they would never read the same book twice and one in twenty said they throw books away.
調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過1/10的人表示同一本書不會讀兩遍，1/20的人則干脆讀完就扔了。
And over half of Brits leave books to gather dust on their shelves， 16 per cent would take them to a charity shop and 15 pass finished books on to a friend when they have finished them.
近半成的英國人任由書籍在書架上落滿灰塵，16%的人會把書捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，15%的人則在讀完后轉(zhuǎn)送給朋友。
Elisabeth continued ‘Nobody likes to see a good book go to waste and libraries have been Britain’s bookshelves for centuries giving people access to the greatest reads of all time without them gathering dust.”
伊麗莎白還說：“大家都不希望好書受到冷落，而圖書館幾個世紀(jì)以來一直是人們大量閱讀的便利場所?！盜t’s refreshing to see how varied the genres on the list are， going from classics like Little Women to Bradley Wiggins autobiography. It also goes to show that a good book， however old， will always find a new audience.’
“書單上的作品體裁各異，既有像《小婦人》這樣的經(jīng)典名著，也有自行車名將布拉德利·維金斯的自傳，真的很有意思。這也恰恰表明，經(jīng)典就是經(jīng)典，不論在哪個年代，總會受到人們的喜愛?！?/p>
‘No doubt literary aficionados will object to the likes of titles by Katie Price and Russell Brand appearing in the list， but our view is that as long as people are picking up books and reading that has to be a positive thing.
“當(dāng)然，也有文學(xué)愛好者反對將凱蒂·普萊斯和拉塞爾·布蘭德的書收入其中。不過我們認(rèn)為，只要有人愛讀，那就是件好事。”
‘Our aim is to drive people back in to Britain’s libraries whether they are reading chick-lit， science fiction or a celebrity autobiography.’
“我們的目的是鼓勵英國人重拾閱讀的習(xí)慣，不論是讀通俗言情、科幻小說還是名人自傳，都很不錯!”
The poll also found that more than one in ten Brits have lied about reading certain books. Of those a third said they pretend to have read certain titles to make themselves appear more intelligent than they actually are. And a quarter said they pretend to be more well-read than they actually are.
調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過1/10的人謊稱自己讀過某些書。這些人中有1/3謊稱自己讀過某些作品，好讓自己聽上去比較聰明好學(xué)。有1/4的人表示自己會假裝閱讀廣泛。
Of the 2000 adults polled 18 per cent said they regularly re-read books on their shelves， but 13 per cent said they hang on to books as they like seeing them lined up on the bookshelf.
參加調(diào)查的2000名成人中，18%表示自己經(jīng)常重翻書架上的藏書，而13%的人則表示自己藏書僅僅是因?yàn)橄矚g書籍滿滿當(dāng)當(dāng)列在書架上的樣子。
雅思閱讀背景知識之顏色代表的意義
1. RED:
(1)The president was treated to the redcarpet in Rome.
總統(tǒng)在羅馬受到了隆重的接待。
(2)It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution.
這是中國歷史上值得紀(jì)念的日子。
(3)A thief was caught red-handed in the act of breaking open alock.
一個竊賊在砸開鎖時被當(dāng)場抓獲。
(4)You said that l am very good. ls my face red-
你說我很好，真使我難為情了。
(5)When he started criticizing my work,l really saw red.
當(dāng)他批評 我的工作時，我就冒火、發(fā)脾氣。
(6)There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card.
領(lǐng)身份證的手續(xù)實(shí)在太繁瑣了。
(7)They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red.
因?yàn)榻?jīng)營這家公司幾年來一直虧損，所以他們只好把它賣掉。
(8)We’ll soon be out of the red.
我們很快就會扭虧為盈。
(9)Every time he comes to New York,he wants to paint the town red.
每次來紐約，他都要痛飲一番。
2. GREEN:
(10)He is still green to his job.
他對其工作尚無經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
(11)Do you see any green in my eye-
你認(rèn)為我幼稚可欺嗎-
(12)lf you want to be a successful gardener,of course you’ve gotto have green fingers.
假如你想當(dāng)個稱職的園工，那你就得有園藝技能。
(13)She is a green hand in teaching English.
在英語教學(xué)中，他還是個生手。
(14)Mother gave us the green light to go on the camping trip this summer.
媽媽準(zhǔn)許我們今年夏天去野營一次。
(15)He has a green wound in the left breast.
他左胸上有一新傷口。
3. BLUE:
(16)He is proud of his blue blood.
他因出身名門貴族而驕傲。
(17)Things are looking extremely blue.
情況極其不妙。
(18)True blue will never stain.
真金不怕火煉。
(19)She ran and ran until she was blue in the face.
她跑啊跑啊，累得臉色發(fā)青精疲力竭。
(20)lt’s once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that.
你得到的是個千載難逢的機(jī)會。
(21)He can read like a blue streak.
他看書極快。
(22)The bad news came like a bolt out of the blue.
這消息來得如青天霹靂。
(23)John arrived out of the blue.
約翰突然來了。
(24)A rainy day always gives me the blues.
下雨天總是使我心情抑郁。
4. BROWN:
(25)The leaves browned slowly.
樹葉漸漸枯了。
(26)We are all of us done brown.
我們都上當(dāng)了。
(27)When she gives a dinner party,she always does it up brown.
她舉行宴會，總是辦得很出色。
(28)l’m browned off,sitting here all day with nothing to do.
我整 天坐在這兒沒事干，感到抑郁無聊。
(29)Aim at one bird, don’t blaze into the brown.
瞄準(zhǔn)一只打，不要射擊鳥群。
(30)l tried to attract his attention,but he was in a brown study.
我企圖吸引他的注意力可是他仍在沉思默想。
5. BLACK:
(31)The black dog is over him.
他意氣消沉。
(32)Tom is the black sheep of his family.
湯姆是個敗家子。
(33)Next time l see him, l’ll give him a black eye.
下次我見到他一定打他一頓。
雅思閱讀背景知識之筆譯和口譯
Interpretation and Interpreter
口譯和口譯員
A. Although the terms interpretation and translation are often used interchangeably, by strict definition, interpretation refers to the spoken language, and translation to the written language.
雖然口譯和翻譯這兩個術(shù)語經(jīng)?？梢曰Q使用，但嚴(yán)格地說，口譯是指口語，翻譯是指書面語言。
B. A competent translator should be very acquainted with the following points: A detailed knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as academic knowledge of the language pairs, in certain cases (technical manuals for example) it plays a greater role. An ability to write well is also important. Proofreading and editing is a good way to break into the industry and the skills gained will help you later on; Although a degree may not be absolutely necessary, a qualification in translation is important; Practice the language! Take a language course or work towards a degree or whatever you feel is appropriate. Read newspapers in that language and keep abreast of the culture, listen to music and news from that country ff able to. Travel to the country as often as you are able to; No course of study will ever be 100% perfect. Only you can judge whether it is the right one to meet your needs; Those basic qualifications will help one get started but after that it is one's experience on the job and performance as a translator that counts; There are more opportunities for freelance translators than In-House; Attend local translation events and seminars. It will not only help one learn more about different subjects, it will also help one make contacts in the translation and interpreting field.
一個稱職的翻譯應(yīng)該非常熟悉以下幾點(diǎn):一個主題的詳細(xì)知識是同等重要的學(xué)術(shù)知識的語言對，在某些情況下(如技術(shù)手冊)它發(fā)揮了更大的作用。良好的寫作能力也很重要。校對和編輯是進(jìn)入這個行業(yè)的一個好方法，所獲得的技能將幫助你以后;雖然學(xué)位并非絕對必要，但翻譯資格是重要的;練習(xí)語言!參加一門語言課程，或者努力獲得一個學(xué)位，或者做任何你認(rèn)為合適的事情。讀那種語言的報(bào)紙，了解那種文化，聽來自那個國家的音樂和新聞。盡可能多地去鄉(xiāng)下旅行;沒有一門課程是百分百完美的。只有你才能判斷它是否適合你;這些基本素質(zhì)將有助于一個人的起步，但在此之后，重要的是一個人的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和作為一名翻譯的表現(xiàn);自由譯者的機(jī)會比在公司內(nèi)部要多;參加當(dāng)?shù)氐姆g活動和研討會。它不僅可以幫助人們更多地了解不同的主題，還可以幫助人們在翻譯和口譯領(lǐng)域建立聯(lián)系。
C. interpretation is generally categorized into consecutive interpretation and simultaneous interpretation. The former refers to the circumstance where the interpreter waits until a complete statement has been spoken and then begins interpreting (so only one person is speaking at a time). It is used primarily to interpret witness testimony, a situation in which everyone in the courtroom needs to hear the interpretation. Simultaneous interpretation is generally considered inappropriate for witness testimony -- unless the courtroom is equipped with wireless equipment for that purpose -- because hearing two voices at once is too distracting.
口譯一般分為交替?zhèn)髯g和同聲傳譯。前者指的是口譯員等到完整的陳述陳述完畢后才開始口譯的情況(一次只有一個人在發(fā)言)。它主要用于解釋證人的證詞，在這種情況下，法庭上的每個人都需要聽解釋。同聲傳譯通常被認(rèn)為不適合于證人作證——除非法庭為此配備了無線設(shè)備——因?yàn)橥瑫r聽到兩個聲音太讓人分心。
D. A court interpreter is anyone who interprets in a civil or criminal court proceeding ( e.g., arraignment, motion, pretrial conference, preliminary hearing, deposition, trial) for a witness or defendant who speaks or understands little or no English.
法庭口譯員是在民事或刑事法庭程序(如提審、動議、審前會議、預(yù)審、作證、審判)中為英語說得或聽不懂英語的證人或被告進(jìn)行口譯的人。
E. Court interpreters must accurately interpret for individuals with a high level of education and an expansive vocabulary, as well as persons with very limited language skills without changing the language register of the speaker. For the other languages, the following self-study techniques are suggested: (1) expand your vocabulary, (2) develop your own glossaries, and (3) develop interpreting techniques, namely, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and sight translation.
法庭口譯員必須在不改變講話者語言記錄的情況下，準(zhǔn)確地為受教育程度高、詞匯量大的人以及語言技能非常有限的人口譯。對于其他語言，建議采用下列自學(xué)技巧:(1)擴(kuò)大詞匯量;(2)發(fā)展自己的詞匯量;(3)發(fā)展口譯技巧，即:交替?zhèn)髯g、同聲傳譯和現(xiàn)場翻譯。
雅思閱讀背景知識之租房廣告的那些事
英文租房廣告常用語解析英文租房廣告常用語解析租房是一件頭痛的事，尤其是現(xiàn)在房子難租。如果你想練習(xí)英文，不妨考慮租老外的房子。不光可以把選擇范圍擴(kuò)大，還可以乘機(jī)了解東西方文化的差異。看西人報(bào)紙的租房廣告，新來的人往往被一大串縮寫搞得迷糊了。以下是一個簡單的例子，教你如何理解英文租房廣告。
FINCE-WARDEN, lrg 2br bsmt, new reno bright, lndry, eat-in kit, w-o balc, close to HSR/shops. No smoke/pets, +, 1st/last. 222-2222 - leave mess. FINCH-WARDEN這間房是位于或鄰近Finch和Warden街交界處。lrg 2br bsmt lrg=large，
2br=two bedrooms，bsmt=It is in a basement (below ground).這是地庫的兩房套間。(注意，兩房是指兩個睡房，洗手間，廚房，廳肯定是有的，所以不寫出來) new reno bright reno=renovation，最近才裝修過，很光亮lndry, eat-in kit, w-o balc lndry=laundry，指有洗衣機(jī)干衣機(jī)，eat-in kitchen指廚房大，可在廚房里放飯桌吃飯。w-o balc=walk out to a balcony，指有扇門打開可通陽臺。close to TTC/shops靠近公共交通，購物商場No smoke/pets不接受吸煙或養(yǎng)寵物的租客+租金為一個月，外加水電煤氣。
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雅思閱讀背景知識
